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The Khaniale Tekke Tombs, II

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 October 2013

John Boardman
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Extract

Mr. R. W. Hutchinson excavated the Geometric tombs at Khaniale Tekke near Knossos in 1940. He published an account of the excavation and the material from the reused tholos (Tomb 2) in BSA xlix (1954) 215 ff. The publication in this article will often be cited below, by italicized references only. He described the finds from a chamber tomb (Tomb 1; to the right in p. 215, fig. 1). The finds from a third tomb, north of the tholos and mentioned on pp. 223 ƒ., were not available for study at that time, but were later identified, part in a storeroom at Knossos, part in Heraklion Museum, and Mr. Hutchinson kindly invited me to prepare the publication of them. Since 1954 the full publication of the Fortetsa cemetery has appeared, as well as other studies of relevant finds in the Knossos area. These prompt a reconsideration of the finds already published, especially the important gold jewellery. I have taken this opportunity to review the evidence with some supplementary photographs. St. Alexiou, Ephor of Antiquities, has kindly allowed me to study again the finds displayed in Heraklion Museum.

The contents of Tomb 1 were listed briefly on pp. 215 ƒ. They cannot now certainly be identified, but some of the pottery may have become confused with that from Tomb 3, published below. The dromos of the tholos, Tomb 2, was cut across by later burials. From one are reported an amphora (p. 224, no.23) and a lekythos of Cypriot form (possibly one of those published, pl. 26 top). Another held a wine amphora and a white-ground lekythos—fifth-century. And a third contained a pedestalled cothon with lid (no. 94). The last is in Heraklion, and is a plain plemochoe on a high flaring base.

Type
Research Article
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 62 , November 1967 , pp. 57 - 75
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1967

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References

1 BSA lv (1960) 128 ff. and 159 ff.; BSA lvi (1961) 68 ff.; BSA lviii (1963) 30 ff. Another very rich tomb at Khaniale Tekke has been excavated by Professor Platon, and some of the finds are exhibited in Heraklion Museum. This is still to be published.

2 The extreme view was expressed by Demargne at the Second Cretological Conference in 1966. Courbin also (La cér. géom. de l'Argolide 530 f.) seems not to understand the character and true connexions of PGB, which cannot be fully appreciated by even the most detailed study of the pottery on its own. See further below.

3 In this and what follows I drastically revise the dates I proposed in Cretan Collection in Oxford (CCO) 134–8.

4 KChr. 1950, pl. 42. 1, 6. The type will be studied by Desborough in Festschrift Grumach.

5 KChr. 1950, pls. 39, 40, 42. 2; Marinatos, , Crete and Mycenae, pls. 138, 139.Google Scholar

6 BSA lvii (1962) 32, fig. 3 and pl. 4 a.

7 Ist. Mitt., ix–x (1950–60) pl. 56.

8 The same technique on the openwork finger ring from Praisocs, , BSA viii (1901–2) 243Google Scholar, fig. 11.

9 Higgins, , Greek and Roman Jewellery 98, 100Google Scholar; the related Elgin earrings, ibid. pl. 13 e, and BMQ xxiii (1961) 103, pl. 45 b, c, must be as early, and offer the wave pattern (as on the Tekke gold band or PGB vases) in granules. For the early introduction of the wave pattern to Corinth, see Johansen, , Vases Sicyoniens pls. 1. 1, 3Google Scholar; 2. 3, 4; 3. 1, 4, 5.

10 Early Greek Arms and Weapons, especially 200 f.

11 AJA xlix (1945) 314, figs. 23, 23 bis; CCO 136, fig. 51C.

12 BSA xii (1905–6) 65, fig. 1; cf. CCO 137, n. 4.

13 CCO 137 ff. Good new pictures of the Dreros figures in Demargne, Aegean Art, figs. 453–5.

14 Zervos, L'Art de la Crète, fig. 806.

15 Cf. Snodgrass, 87, 238. The greaves should probably be taken for eighth-century.

16 RE, Suppl. vii, s.v. ‘Dreros’ 138.

17 Fortetsa, pl. 76. 1144, 1145. Note that the eye-pupils on the head are marked by single granules and the nose by a cluster of three. The bee is 1·4 cm. long, the head measures 1·6 × 1·2 cm.

18 I am indebted to Dr. M. J. Price for the weights and measurements.

19 Evans, in Corolla Numismatica 365Google Scholar, fig. 16. 1.

20 Ibid, with fig. 16. 2, 3.

21 Cf. the inscription of Sennacherib mentioning the ‘casting’ in clay moulds of bronze half shekels: Smith, , NChr 1922, 177.Google Scholar

22 Evans, 363, fig. 15; Palace of Minos iv. 664, fig. 652 a.

23 Cf. the silver strips and dumps of various weights found at Zinçirli, : Sendschirli v. 119Google Scholar, pl. 58 a–s.

24 Tell Halaf iv, pl. 33. 61–63 and p. 42.

25 Kardara, , AJA lxv (1961) 62–64, pls. 35, 36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

26 Korres, , Charisterion eis Orlandon ii. 214 ff.Google Scholar

27 BSA lvi (1961) 75, fig. 11. 33.

28 Fortetsa, pls. 22. 377, 37. 569, 75. 1103–4.

29 Marinatos, , AE 1931, 158–60.Google Scholar

30 Fortetsa, pl. 76. 1150.

31 AM lxi (1936) pl. 84. 11.

32 In the east, cf. Hama ii. 3. 170. For Crete, Kunze, , AM lxi (1936) 224Google Scholar; Amnisos, , AA 1937, 222 and 227, fig. 6Google Scholar, one fitting the poros head, fig. 1. For the gold eye, cf. the Cypriot, setting, SCE iv. 2, 165Google Scholar, fig. 35. 2.

33 I would not suggest that the potters of the Knossian PGB vases were not Greeks, but one Greek workshop at Knossos was for a while caught up with the new patterns and ideas, some of which were repeated in other parts of the island (as Arkades, Kavousi) where the work of the eastern craftsmen of Knossos or elsewhere in Crete was also known. For the geometric patterns, compare the general character of the Iron Age patterns on pottery at Hama, : Hama ii. 3. 96 f.Google Scholar

34 Mr.Moorey, refers me to Iran iii (1965) 65, fig. 7. 4, 6Google Scholar; Sialk ii, pl. 16. 7; Godard, , Les bronzes de Luristan, pl. 68. 245.Google Scholar

35 Cf. Vrokastro 146, fig. 86 F. PG.

36 The published description and pictures may be supplemented. The back and sides of the model are painted with a broad net pattern, suggesting ashlars or bricks. The door has one hole at the top right corner, answered by what seems to be an original one at the top of the jamb, but there was none at the bottom. Of the holes at the centre of the door, two once had a clay loop attached: the break is clear and a plug of clay remains in the lower one. The fastening might then have been as for the Archanes model, but there is no corresponding loop on the right jamb, most of which seems original. The bench within might be taken as a sleeping platform or as a stand for idols and offerings in the Cretan manner.

37 Cf. Fortetsa, pl. 29. 451. The small amphora at Tekke, no. 95, pl. 25., might have been made earlier than these. The oenochoe, no. 28, pl. 25 (cf. Fortetsa, pl. 43, 649, 653–4) may not be much later.

38 Ohnefalsch-Richter, , Kypros pl. 124, 5Google Scholar; SCE iv. 2. 171, fig. 37, 32; Perrot and Chipiez iii. 277, fig. 208.

39 Ohnefalsch-Richter, op. cit. pl. 124, 4; SCE iv. 2. 171, fig. 37, 31; Perrot and Chipiez iii. 897, fig.

40 KChr. 1950, 455 ff.; 1958, 280 ff.

41 And see Marinatos, , Crete and Mycenae 154, cf. 78.Google Scholar

42 Palace of Minos ii. 129, fig. 63.

43 Cf. Higgins, , Greek and Roman Jewellery 15Google Scholar, for this technique.

44 The pendants, Ann. x–xii (1927–9) pl. 12 centre; the vases, figs. 454, 460; the shields, figs. 440, 489, 490, pl. 22; the bowl, fig. 491.

45 BSA xliii (1948) pl. 46. G4; 1 (1955) 37. This is more elaborately decorated with wire and granules and granulated triangles.

46 BSA xliv (1949) 132, pl. 40. 1.

47 PAE 1936, 83, fig. 2.

48 CCO 138, fig. 53; AE 1956, 218 ff., fig. 1; and see above, p. 66.