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Kat'Akrotiri on Amorgos: surface pottery from an Early Cycladic acropolis1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

Evyenia Yiannouli
Affiliation:
University of Thessaly

Abstract

This is a study of surface ceramic evidence (c. 5,000 sherds) from an Early Cycladic acropolis on Amorgos. A fairly diversified group of domestic ware has been identified, including ‘Amorgos’ and rare types, possibly a tankard and a marble beaker or cup. Compared to stratified evidence from the Cyclades and elsewhere, the chronological range of types falls within EC I/II-EC III A, EC II being the period most heavily represented. In discussing the material with reference to the Cycladic, Helladic and Aegean contexts, attention is drawn to the role of mainland Greece in shaping the local repertory. Noteworthy are the similarities and differences between Tsountas's excavation results and the surface collection of finds retrieved from the same site. Mandres seems to have been sparsely used from the Archaic to the Byzantine periods. Panagitsa, the alluvial formation at its foothills, has yielded traces dating mainly to late antiquity.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2002

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References

2 C. Tsountas, ‘Κυκλαδικά’,Ἐφ.ἀρχ. (1898), 166.

3 Ibid., 166–8.

4 Coarse ware from Kat'Akrotiri with typical specimens of the Amorgos group, such as jugs, collared jars, cups and bowls of various sizes, and so on, are exhibited in the Cycladic Room of the National Archaeological Museum at Athens, Cat. No 4736, 4739–40 (impressed spirals), 4741–4, 4746 (Tsountas's utensil), 4749, 4751–4, 5339, 5341–2, 5353.

5 L. Marangou, ‘Κυκλαδικό εἰδώλιο ἀπό τήν Μινώα Ἀμοργού’,Ἐφ.ἀρχ.(1990), 165 n. 25 and fig. 4.

6 Tsountas (n. 2), 168.

7 Rutkowski, B., The Cult Places of the Aegean (New Haven, 1986), 201Google Scholar; Thimme, J., (ed.), Art and Culture in the Cyclades (Karlsrühe, 1977), 38, 50Google Scholar; contra L. Marangou (n. 5), 170 n. 51 and Lambrinoudakis, V., ‘Θρησκεία’, in Marangou, L. (ed.), Κυκλαδικός πολιτισμός,Η Νάξος στην 3η χιλιετία (Athens, 1990), 100.Google Scholar

8 Renfrew, C., The Emergence of Civilization (London, 1972), 153, 157Google Scholar; Barber, R. L. and MacGillivray, J., ‘The Early Cycladic period: matters of definition and terminology’, AJA 84 (1980), 145CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

9 Lambrinoudakis (n. 7), 100.

10 Marangou (n. 5), 171–2.

11 Barber and MacGillivray (n. 8), 145; Renfrew (n. 8), 157, 522.

12 Renfrew (n. 8), 527.

13 Karantzali, E., ‘Απόψεις πάνω στις πολιτιστικές σχέσεις Κρήτης και Κυκλάδων την Πρώϊμη Εποχή του Χαλκού. Η μαρτυρία των αγγείων και των ειδωλίων’,Πεπραγμένα του Ζ Διεθνούς Κρητολπγικού Συνεδρίου, Vol. A1 (Herakleion, 1995), 447Google Scholar.

14 Barber and MacGillivray (n. 8), 145 and table ii, 155; Karantzali, E. S., Le Bronze ancien dans les Cyclades et en Crète (BAR S631; Oxford, 1996), 41Google Scholar.

15 Sec Discussion, esp. n. 170.

16 Marangou (n. 5); ead., Μαρμάρινο Κυκλαδικό αγαλμάτιο μουσικού από την Αμοργό’, in Φως Κυκλαδικόν,Μνήμη Ν. Ζαφειρόπουλου (Athens, 1999), 20–9Google Scholar. cf. also the figurine from Chora, ead., ‘Νέες μαρτυρίες για την ιστορία της Αρχαίας Αμοργού’, Επετηρίς Εταιρείας Κυκλαδικών Μελετών 15 (1996), 315–17Google Scholar, fig. α–β.

17 On Neolithic and EC Minoa, see reports on ‘Ανασκαφή Μινώας Αμοργού’ in PAE 1983, 331, 333; 1984, 357–8, 377, 380, 384–6; 1985, 184–6, 191, 198, cf. also 199–200; 1986, 217; 1990, 267; 1992, 189; 1993, 194, 196; 1996, 308–11, 315; ead., 1996 (n. 16), 308–11. On Early Cycladic settlement, Marangou, L., ‘Evidence for the Early Cycladic period on Amorgos’, in Fitton, L. (ed.) Cycladica: Studies in Memory of N. P. Goulandris (London, 1984), 99115Google Scholar; ead. (n. 5); ead., ‘Νέες μαρτυρίες για τον Κυκλαδικό πολιτισμό στην Μινώα Αμοργού’, Δωδώνη (1992); ead., ‘Νεες μαρτυρίες για τον Κυκλαδικό Πολιτισμό στην Αμοργό’, in Φηγός: Τιμητικός τόμος για τον Καθ. Σ. Δάκαρη (Ioannina, 1994), 467–88Google Scholar; cad., 1996 (n. 16), 308–17.

18 Marangou (n. 5), 169–70 n. 46, 171 and figs. 6–7; ead., ‘Ανασκαφή 1984’ (n. 17), 388.

19 Ead., 1994 (n. 17), fig. 1.

20 Marangou (n. 5), 171.

21 Ibid., 171–2; cf. also ead., ‘Ανασκαφή 1984’ (n. 17), 388.

22 Ibid., 171 n. 56. The sherds collected during these as well as subsequent seasons, under L. Marangou, are kept with the 12th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities in Chora (Amorgos). Sherd collection 1984 (nos 1–21, 52–5, 62–9), 1986 (nos 22–49), and 1989 (nos 33–5, 37–51, 53–5) have been catalogued by Ms K. Birtaha.

23 Ead., 1994 (n. 17), 469 n. 13; ead. (n. 5), 174–5.

24 The grid was set up by the geophysicists Dr A. Sarris, Ch. Karathanassis, E. Vrondaki, K. Georgila, D. Ioannou, and G. Asvestas and the archaeologists Dr E. Yiannouli and Dr E. Karimali. Dr A. Sarris organised the geophysical part of the project. The archaeological survey, designed by Dr E. Yiannouli and Dr E. Karimali, was conducted by them in August 1996 and by Dr E. Yiannouli and G. Gavalas in October 1996 (survey of grid 15).

25 Survey design followed standard practice as developed in the last twenty years, although this is largely concerned with the retrieval of sites over an area of thousands of km2 rather than thousands of m2. We benefited, however, from older and more recent projects, such as the Minnessota–Messenia and the Agiopharango expeditions, the Melos and the Southern Argolid surveys, the Cambridge–Bradford Boeotian expedition or the Kommos project. In adjusting recent practice to a locally intensive reconnaissance, we particularly consulted Cherry, J., Davis, J., and Mantzourani, E., Landscape Archaeology as Long Term History: Northern Keos in the Cycladic Islands (Los Angeles, 1991)Google Scholar. As important were works regrettably published after the completion of our fieldwork, such as Davis, J. et al. ‘The Pylos regional archaeological project, Pt 1’, Hesp. 66 (1997), 391494CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Mee, C. and Forbes, H. (eds), A Rough and Rocky Place: The Landscape and Settlement History of the Methana Peninsula, Greece (Liverpool, 1997)Google Scholar. More recently, see Bintliff, J. et al. , ‘The hidden landscape of prehistoric Greece’, Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology 12 (1999), 139–68Google Scholar and Branigan, K., ‘An experiment in field survey in eastern Crete’, in Betancourt, P. P., Karageorghis, V., Laffineur, R., and Niemeier, W.-G. (eds), Meletemata: Studies in Aegean Archaeology Presented to Malcolm H. Wiener as he Enters his 65th Year (Aegaeum, 20; Liège, 1999), 63–7Google Scholar, whose advocation for a standard unit of sherd density comparisons (e.g. 2 m2) was in our case very useful indeed. This is a recent concept that meets modern prerequisites as they matured over decades of practice. Bintliff openly urges for the necessity of a close-order survey in standardized transect blocks that covers the landscape in a continuum, while enabling intraregional comparison, Bintliff, J., ‘The concept of “site” and “off-site” archaeology in surface artefact survey’, in Pasquinucci, M. and Trément, F. (eds), Non-destructive Techniques Applied to Landscape Archaeology (Oxford, 2000), 200–15Google Scholar.

26 Marangou 1984 (n. 17), 100 and fig. 2; Yiannouli, E., ‘Surface pottery from the EC acropolis at Vigla Katapolon on the island of Amorgos: A preliminary report’, AAA vol. 32Google Scholar (in press).

27 Very small numbers of such sherds are encountered in Bronze Age or earlier sites, see more extensively M. Pantelidou-Gofa, ‘Κεραμικά Εργαλεία’, ᾿ Εφ. ἀρχ 1991, 1–13. In Mandres we have discerned tongue-shaped (types α, β), oblong, fan-shaped, lozenge-shaped, drop or leaf-shaped, triangular (types ζ η, θ) and elongated fan-shaped sherds, as well as sherds preserving recognizable, although eroded, vessel parts, such as lugs, handles, and bases, finally sherds resembling stone awls and a category of doubtful sherds. This large sample, on which we hope to elaborate elsewhere, presents a typological diversification comparable to that from Neolithic Nea Makri rather than material published from any other Bronze Age site.

28 Cf. Tsountas (n. 2), 167 fig. 8 and table 9. 24.

29 Karantzali (n. 14), 125, encountered thoughout EC, esp. EC II, and the ‘Amorgos’ group.

30 Scored wear is attested as early as the Kephala period, Coleman, J., Keos I: A Late Neolithic Settlement and Cemetery (Princeton, 1977), 10Google Scholar; pls. 81 a and 91 e–G, L, and as late as EB II or III A, Sotirakopoulou, P., Ακρωτἠρι Θἠρας.Η νεολιθική και η πρώϊμη εποχή του Χαλκού επί τη βάσει της κεραμικής, (Athens, 1991), 66Google Scholar, or EH II–III, Demakopoulou, K. and Konsola, D., ‘ΛείΨανα ΠE ME καί YE οἰκισμοῦ στὴν Θήβα, A. Delt. 30 (1975)Google Scholar, Mel., 63 n. 35.

31 A thick slip has been discerned on sherds from the settlement of Manika ranging from Manika I/II (sector I), II B (sector IV), II A (sector IV), II A/B (sector V), Manika 1985, 32, 70, 91 and 101 respectively. It has also been attested at the end of Manika 1 (end of EH I), Manika 1988, 11, 13.

32 Smear ware is attested in EC II late Panormos, Karantzali (n. 14), 125 and EH II late and EH III Manika, Sapouna-Sakellaraki, E.Μάνικα Χαλκίδας Στρωματογραφική ἔρευνα στόν οἰκισμό(οἰκοπ. Ζούση)’ A. Delt. 41 (1986), 237Google Scholar.

33 Urfirnis dated to the EH III, Weisshaar, H.-J., ‘Tiryns— Bericht zur frühhelladischen Keramik’, AA 98 (1983), 333Google Scholar, cf. below n. 82.

34 Hood, S., Excavations on Chios 1938–1955. Prehistoric Emporio and Agio Gala (BSA supp. 15; Oxford, 1981), 250Google Scholar and fig. 120. 48. cf. also the Heraion on Samos, Milojčič, V., Samos, i (Bonn, 1961)Google Scholar, table 35. 40, 51.

35 Ag. Irini: Caskey, J., ‘Investigations in Keos. Part II: A conspectus of the pottery’, Hesp. 41 (1972), 370, 373CrossRefGoogle Scholar and fig. 6. C3–5, C34; pl. 81. C36. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 73; figs. 4–9 and pls. 19–27. Kynthos: MacGillivray, J., ‘Mount Kynthos on Delos. The Early Cycladic settlement’, BCH 104 (1980), 24Google Scholar and fig. 7. 430, 171. Zas: pottery analogous to that from Ag. Irini III and Kastri, Zachos, K., ‘Νάξος, Σπήλαιο Ζᾶ’, A. Delt. 42 (1987), 696Google Scholar fig. 2 lower left.

36 Manika: cemetery, Manika 1988, tomb 168, 32–3, fig. 77. 168.5760; settlement, Early EH II: Manika 1985, 133–4 type 19; table 10. 9; fig. 16. 33, 34; EH II B: ibid., figs. 22. K87, 29. T70. Orchomenos: Kunze, E., Orchomenos, iii (Munich, 1934), 58–9Google Scholar; pl. xxiii. 3. Thorikos: Spitaels, P., ‘The Early Helladic Period in Mine No. 3 (theatre sector)’, in Mussche, H. et al. Thorikos, viii, 1972/1976 (Ghent, 1984)Google Scholar, fig. 104 middle. Ag. Kosmas: NW of area Mylonas, V. G., Aghios Kosmas. An Early Bronze Age Settlement and Cemetery in Attica (Princeton, 1959)Google Scholar, fig. 157. 299, 230, 238; drawing 54S2[a]. Eutresis: Caskey, J. and Caskey, E., ‘The earliest settlement at Eutresis, Supplementary excavations 1958’, Hesp. 29 (1960)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, fig. 11. VIII 1, 21. Tiryns: Weisshaar, H.-J-, ‘Tiryns Bericht zur frühhelladischen Keramik’, AA 96 (1981)Google Scholar, figs. 82. 16, 86. 1. Ag. Dimitrios: Zachos, K., Ayios Dhimitrios. A Prehistoric Settlement in the Southwestern Peloponnesos: The Neolithic and Early Helladic Periods (Boston, 1987), 178Google Scholar fig. 40. 109/82. Fourni and Makrovouni: Dousougli, A., ‘Makrovouni-Kefalari, Magoula-Talioli’, PZ 62 (1987)Google Scholar, figs. 7. 1–2, 15. 52–3, 23. 121, 32 c, e.

37 Troy I:. Blegen, C. et al. , Troy, i (Princeton, 1950)Google Scholar, fig. 223. AI. Troy II: ibid., figs. 412. 33. 245, 413. 12; Frirdich, C., ‘Pinnacle E4/5. Die Keramik der Periode Troia II im Vergleich’, Studia Troica, 7 (1997)Google Scholar, pls. 1. 1, 4. 10, 42. 1–21, 44, 54, 55, 58 etc. Troy III: Blegen, C. et al. , Troy, ii (Princeton, 1951)Google Scholar, fig. 60. 33.142. Troy IV: ibid., fig. 183. 1. Emporio IX–VIII = Kum Tepe I A: Hood (n. 34), 249–50 fig. 120. 34, 38, 41, 49; Emporio VII = Kum Tepe I B: ibid., 310 fig. 142. 447, 453; Emporio VI/V: ibid., 351 and fig. 161. 820; Emporio V–IV = Troy I: ibid., fig. 163. 852–4, 857, 860. Tigani: Furness, A., ‘Some early pottery of Samos, Kalimnos and Chios’, PPS 22 (1956)Google Scholar, fig. 4. 46; Felsch, R., Das Kastro Tigani (Bonn, 1988), 190–1Google Scholar and pl. 71. 430–5 (Tigani IV). Heraion: Milojčić (n. 34), pls. 35. 45, 48, 62–3, 71; 37. 41–2, 48; 39. 14; 46. 2, 4. Alimnia: Sampson, A., Νεολιθική εποχἠ στα Δωδεκάνησα (A. Delt., 35; Athens, 1987)Google Scholar, fig. 103. 39, 40; discussion on chronology on p. 62 pl. xvi.

38 Ag. Irini: Caskey, J., ‘Excavations in Keos, 1963’, Hesp. 33 (1964), 319CrossRefGoogle Scholar and pl. 48 b; id. (n. 35), 370 and fig. 6. C6. Kastri: Bossert, E., ‘Kastri auf Syros’, A. Delt. 22 (1967), Mel. 74Google Scholar, fig. 5. 3, similar to our type MRg6K1/6a5. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou, P., ‘Early Cycladic pottery from Akrotiri on Thera and its chronological implications’, BSA 81 (1986), 303–4Google Scholar, fig. 1. 4185, 4199 a–b, 57956; ead. (n. 30), 74; fig. 10 a and pl. 28. Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35), 25–6 and fig. 10. 128, 74, 140, 35. Panormos: Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 20. SX4. Palati: ibid., 20 and fig. 1 e, k. Naxos: ibid., fig. 11. MN5221, 5223. Kouphonisi: ibid., figs. 117 e, 26. b4910, 48. a48a8. Phylakopi: ibid., fig. 55. 245, 305. Chalandriani: C. Tsountas, ‘Κυκλαδικά Π’, ᾿Εφ. ἀρχ. 1899, pl. 9. 25. Ag. Sostis: an EC II type of bowl, Gropengiesser, H., ‘Siphnos, Kap Agios Sostis: keramische prähistorische Zeugnisse aus dem Gruben-und Hüttenrevier’, AM 102 (1987), 3Google Scholar and fig. 2. 1–4.

39 Lefkandi: Popham, M. and Sackett, L. (eds), Excavations at Lefkandi, Euboea, 1964–1966 (London, 1968), 8Google Scholar, fig. 7. 1. Manika: cemetery, Manika 1988, 25 (tomb 102); fig. 79. 102; 26 (tomb no); fig. 79. 110; cf. also fig. 77. 168.5760; settlement, EH I/II phase: Sector I, ibid., 13; fig. 12. 1; Manika 1985, 131 type 10 and pl. 10. 10; p. 29 and fig. 7. P68; EH II B: ibid., figs. 24 e. Г22, Г42; 26. 27.

40 Manika: ibid., fig. 24 ε. Г43. Mikre Vigla: Barber, R. and Hadjianastasiou, O., ‘Mikre Vigla: a Bronze Age settlement on Naxos’, BSA 84 (1989)Google Scholar, fig. 5. 3.

41 Ag. Kosmas: Mylonas (n. 36), 29 and fig. 127. 48; p. 34 and fig. 128. 83; pp. 37–8 and figs. 131. 36, 54. S2[b], Rafina: D. Theocharis, ‘᾿Ανασκαφἠ ἐν ᾿Αραφῆνι’, PAE 1953, fig. 9. Rouf: Petritaki, M., ‘Λείψανα Πρωτοελλαδικοῦ οἰκισμοῦ στὀ Ροὑφ’, A. Delt. 35A (1980)Google Scholar, fig. 26.

42 Eutresis: Caskey–Caskey (n. 36), 140, fig. 4. III 2–3; 144, fig. 7. IV 1. Tiryns: EH II—Horizont 4: Weisshaar (n. 33), fig. 6. 13; cf. also id. (n. 36), fig. 80. 5, 7, 15.

43 EH III A—Horizont (übergangsphase) 9: id., ‘Tiryns—Bericht zur frühhelladischen Keramik’, AA 97 (1982), fig. 64. 1.

44 Troy I: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), type AI fig. 262. 16. Troy II: ibid., 224, figs. 371 lower part, 412. 11, 413. 26, 27, 414. 1, 2. Troy III: iid., ii (n. 37), fig. 155. 33.109. Troy IV: ibid., fig. 182. 1. Emporio IX–VIII = Kum Tepe I A: Hood (n. 34), 249–50 fig. 120. 36, 44–6; p. 252 and fig. 121. 88–90. Emporio VII–VI = Kum Tepe I B: ibid., 309–10 fig. 142. 436, 443; p. 312 and fig. 143. 476–8. Emporio V–IV = Troy I: ibid., Fig. 163. 871–4, 876. Poliochni nero–EB I: Bernabò-Brea, L., Poliochni, i (Roma, 1964)Google Scholar, pl. viii d. Poliochni rosso–EB II: ibid., pl. cxxxvii g. Poliochni giallo–EB II: id., Poliochni, ii (Rome, 1976), pls. ccxxiii b, cciv. Poliochni bruno–EB III: ibid., pls. cclxvi. 2, cclxxvii m.

45 Heraion: Milojčić (n. 34), pl. 22. g, 35. 61, 37. 33. Tigani: Furness (n. 37), fig. 4. 47. Felsch (n. 37), 192 and pl. 71. 443. Partheni: Sampson (n. 37), fig. 117. 3, 10 and discussion on chronology on pp. 92 ff. Palamari: Parlama, L., ‘Η Σκύρος στήν ἐποχἡ του Χαλκου (Athens, 1984)Google Scholar, fig. 6. 3.

46 Palati: Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 1 h. Akrotiri (Naxos): tomb 16, Doumas, C., Early Bronze Burial Habits in the Cyclades (SIMA 158; Göteborg, 1977), 91Google Scholar and fig. xxxi e. Ag. Irini III: Caskey (n. 35). 373 and fig. 5. C38.

47 Manika 1985, 176–7, tomb XVI; fig. 65. 27. For the settlement, see Sapouna-Sakellaraki (n. 32), fig. 34. 140.

48 Rouf: Petritaki (n. 41), fig. 4, 5, 8, 9. Ag. Dimitrios: Zachos (n. 36), fig. 41. 194/81 to the end. Tiryns: Weisshaar (n. 33), fig. 3.18. Troy: Blegen et al., ii (n. 37), fig. 256. 4. Emporio: Hood, S., Excavations in Chios, 1938–1955. Prehistoric Emporio and Ayio Gala, ii (BSA supp. 16; Oxford, 1982), fig. 197. 1429Google Scholar. Poliochni: Bernabò-Brea, i (n. 44), pl. xxvi g. Heraion: Milojčić (n. 34), pls. 36. 26, 44. 6, 45. 3, 5. Vathy: Furness (n. 37), fig. 10. 4, 6. Tigani: Felsch (n. 37), 169 and pl. 62. 255 a.

49 Ag. Irini II: Caskey (n. 35), 365 and fig. 5. B31. Ag. Irini III: ibid., fig. 6. C10; Wilson, D. and Eliot, M., ‘Ayia Irini, Period III: the last phase of occupation at the Early Bronze Age settlement’, in MacGillivray, J. and Barber, R. (eds), The Prehistoric Cyclades, Contributions to a Workshop on Cycladic Chronology (Edinburgh, 1984), 78Google Scholar and fig. 1 h. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 77; figs. 14 b–16 a and pls. 35–6. Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35), 26–8 fig. 10. 25, 340, 156.

50 Walter, O. and Felten, F., Alt-Ägina, iii (Mainz, 1981), 98Google Scholar, figs. 87–8.

51 Kephala: Coleman, J., Kephala: A Late Neolithic Settlement and Cemetery (Princeton, 1977)Google Scholar, pl. 28 l. Tigani: Felsch (n. 37), 156–7, 159, 165, 179 and tables 57. 142, 145, 58. 167, 60. 232, 66. 313.

52 Manika: Sapouna-Sakellaraki (n. 32), fig. 33. 109, 111. Eutresis: Caskey-Caskey (n. 36), 153, fig. 11. VIII. 3. Rouf: Petritaki (n. 41), fig. 6. Thorikos: Spitaels (n. 36), fig. 104. 24 top. Tiryns: Weisshaar (n. 36), figs. 68, 80. 1.

53 Troy II: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), figs. 413. 39, 414. 27–8. Troy III: iid., ii (n. 37), fig. 60. 34.337. Troy IV: ibid., fig. 176. 33.135, 33.118, 32.73 an d figs. 180. 3, 10, 182. 3. Emporio VI: Hood (n. 34), 312 and fig. 143. 469, 472. Emporio VII: ibid., 320 an d fig. 148. 592–3, 598–9. Emporio V: ibid, fig. 166. 949. Emporio I: Hood (n. 48), fig. 209. 1817. Poliochni: Bernabò-Brea, ii (n. 44), pl. cclxvi. 3.

54 Ag. Irini: Caskey (n. 35), fig. 3. B32. Thera: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 74–5; fig. 10 b and pl. 29. Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35), figs. 4. 49, 7. 171. Aegina: Walter-Felten (n. 50), 156 nos. 144, 145, 146; pl. 86. 144IX, 145IX, 146IX.

55 Tiryns: Weisshaar (n. 43), fig. 77. 2. Eutresis: Caskey–Caskey (n. 36), 155, fig. 11. viii 23. Lefkandi: Popham–Sackett (n. 39), 8, fig. 7. 4. Manika, EH II A: Manika 1985, 194 tomb XII; fig. 53 δ 1; Local EH 3: Manika 1988, 29 (tomb 140); fig. 83. 140.5777.

56 Troy IV: Blegen et al., ii (n. 37), 124 and fig. 177. 4, 5. Troy V: ibid., fig. 256. 2. Emporio VII–VI: Hood (n. 34), 311–2 fig. 143. 465–6, 471. Emporio I: id. (n. 48), fig. 246. 2507. Tigani: Furness (n. 37), fig. 5. 50. Palamari: Parlama (n. 45), 85 and fig. 6. 4 a.

57 Palati: Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 11. Ag. Irini: Caskey (n. 35), 365 and fig. 3. B33. Kynthos A: MacGillivray (n. 35), 14 and fig. 4. 48, 49. Kynthos B: Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 45 f. Panormos: ibid., fig. 20. SX23, 14. Kat'Akrotiri: ibid., 41 and fig. 60. g5353. Ag. Sostis: Gropengiesser (n. 38), 10–11; figs. 4. 11–14, 8. 29. Lakkoudhes: Doumas (n. 46), 81; pl. xxvi h, unstratified find. Ag. Anargyroi: Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 3 f, cf. also fig. 10. 5222. Kouphonisi: ibid., figs. 117 d, 26. b4612.

58 Manika: EH I–II, Manika 1985, 131, type 3; pl. 10. 3, 32; fig. 6. P45, 46, 4g; p. 49 and figs. 14. A3, 16. A25; p. 59 and figs. 16 δ. 2, 24 δ. Г19, 24 ϒ. Π11; EH II B, ibid., 70 and figs. 19. K9, 20. K35, 21. K53, 23. K93, 24. K113, 26. T9, 27; Sapouna-Sakellaraki (n. 32), figs. 33. 124–5, 34. 137, 37. 155–6; for the cemetery, cf. Manika 1985, fig. 52. 9. Lithares: H. Tzavella-Eyjen, Λιθαρές (Athens, 1984), 150–1 and fig. 1 a, b second to the left. Askitario: D. Theocharis, ‘᾿Ανασκαφἠ ἐν ᾿Αραφῆνι’, PAE 1954, 107, fig. 2. Ag. Kosmas I: Mylonas (n. 36), fig. 125. 45. Ag. Kosmas II: ibid., fig. 134. 54. Kolona: Walter-Felten (n. 50), 163–4 nos. 270, 271 and pl. 102. 270, 271. Eutresis: EH I, Caskey–Caskey (n. 36), 140 fig. 4. III 4; 144 fig. 7. IV3; EH II, ibid., fig. 11. VIII 4, 34. Tiryns: EH II, Weisshaar (n. 33), fig. 12. 5; EH III A (U9), id. (n. 36), fig. 83. 16. Makrovouni: Dousougli (n. 36), fig. 7. 4–5, 8.

59 Troy I: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), type A26, figs. 263, 264. 5, 13, 24. Troy II: ibid., fig. 413. 15. Troy IV: iid., ii (n. 37), figs. 178. 2, 176. 32.103, 180. 4, 9. Emporio IX–VIII = Kum Tepe I A: Hood (n. 34), 251–2 fig. 121. 60, 68; p. 253 and fig. 122. 97, 106. Emporio VI = Kum Tepe I B: ibid., 314 and fig. 144. 495–8. Emporio VI/V: ibid., fig. 161. 826, 838. Emporio V–IV = Troy I: ibid., figs. 164. 881–3, 166. g30, g39, 952. Emporio II = Troy I: Hood (n. 48), fig. 197. 1422–4, 1426. Emporio I = Troy II: ibid., fig. 242. 2461, 2468. Poliochni azzurro–EB I: Bernabò-Brea, i (n. 44), pl. x u, xxvii i. Poliochni verde–EB II: ibid., pl. cxxii. Tigani: Furness (n. 37), fig. 5. 54. Heraion: Milojčić (n. 34), fig. 46. 20–3. Vathy: Furness (n. 37), fig. 10. 2.

60 Ag. Irini: Gaskey (n. 35), 365 and fig. 3. B24. Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35), 15, fig. 4. 413, 414. Ag. Sostis: EC II type of bowl, Gropengiesser (n. 38), 8 and fig. 3. 9.

61 EH I–II: Manika 1985, 131 type 11; pl. 10. 11; fig. 16. A23. EH II B: ibid., 70 and figs. 19. K1, 11, 24. K111, 24 ε. Г36–7. Sapouna-Sakellaraki (n. 32), 159–62, figs. 30, 33. 113–8. Lithares: Tzavella-Evjen (n. 58), 151–2 and fig. 6 a. Orchomenos: Kunze (n. 36), 62 ff; fig. 25 a–h and pl. xxv. Thebes: Demakopoulou and Konsola (n. 30), figs. 6. 9, 13, 20 and 7. 13. Aegina: Wünsche, R., Studien zur äginetischen Keramik der frühen und mittleren Bronzezeit (Munich, 1977), 3940Google Scholar fig. 19. Tiryns: EH II–Horizont 2: Weisshaar (n. 33), fig. 3. 7, 19. Makrovouni: Dousougli (n. 36), figs. 7. 9–12, 8. 21.

62 Troy I: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), type A16, figs. 263, 264. 1–4. Troy IV: iid., ii (n. 37), figs. 180. 5, 7, 8, 182. 2, 185. 1. Thermi: Lamb, W., Excavations at Thermi in Lesbos (Cambridge, 1936), fig. 29. 12Google Scholar. Emporio X–IX = Kum Tepe I A: Hood (n. 34), 256 and fig. 122. 145–6. Emporio V = Troy I: ibid., fig. 211. 1841. Emporio II = Troy I: id. (n. 48), fig. 235. 2361. Emporio I = Troy II: ibid., fig. 242. 2476–7. Tigani: Furness (n. 37), fig. 5. 51. Poliochni: Traverso, A., ‘Nuovi dati sul Poliochni azzurro’, in Doumas, C. and La Rosa, V. (eds) Η Πολιόχνη και η Πρώϊμη εποχή του Χαλκού στο Βόρειο Αιγαίο (Athens, 1997), 65Google Scholar. Vathy: Furness (n. 37), fig. 10. 15.

63 Ag. Irini: Caskey (n. 35), 365 and fig. 3. B34–5. Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35), 15–16 fig. 4. 90. Troy II: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), fig. 413. 2. Troy IV: iid., ii (n. 37), fig. 185. 3. Tiryns: Weisshaar (n. 36), 221–2 and fig. 77. 10.

64 Ag. Irini: Caskey (n. 35), 372 and fig. 6. C22. Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35). fig. 13. 253. Manika: Manika 1985, 131 type 8; pl. 10. 8 and fig. 23. K109. Lithares: Tzavella-Evjen (n. 58), 152–3 and fig. 8 a. Tiryns: Horizont 9: Weisshaar (n. 33), fig. 22. 1. Makrovouni: Dousougli (n. 36), fig. 10. 25. Troy IV: Blegen et al., ii (n. 37), fig. 179. 7. Emporio II: Hood (n. 48), fig. 197. 1449. Emporio V–IV: ibid., fig. 226. 2213.

65 Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 75–6; figs. 11 b–14 a and pls. 31–4.

66 Manika 1985, 13.

67 Renfrew (n. 8), 395; Petritaki (n. 41), 181; Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 179; Karantzali (n. 14), 175.

68 Ag. Irini I: Caskey (n. 35), 360 and fig. 2. A13. Ag. Irini II: ibid., 365 and fig. 3. B28. Ag. Irini III: ibid., 373 and fig. 6. C34. Mikre Vigla: Barber–Hadjianastasiou (n. 40), fig. 5. 1–2. Kastri: Bossert (n. 38), 74, fig. 5. 5, akin to MR96K15/4a14, 4b10, 4b21, 4Z5–6 etc. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 83–4; fig. 21 δ and pl. 54. Ag. Sostis: Gropengiesser (n. 38), fig. 6. 22.

69 Aegina: Walter–Felten (n. 50), fig. 95. 140IX. Wünsche (n. 61), 42–3, figs. 26–7, dated to EH III or the beginning of MH. Manika: Manika 1985, figs. 22. K87, 31β. Σ3. Lefkandi: Popham–Sackett (n. 39), 8, fig. 7. 2. Perachora: Fossey, J. M., ‘The prehistoric settlement by Lake Vouliagmeni, Perachora’, BSA 64 (1969), fig. 3. 16, 21Google Scholar. Fourni: Dousougli (n. 36), fig. 32 f, Tiryns: EH II: Weisshaar (n. 33), figs. 4. 12, 21. 1. cf. id. (n. 36), fig. 78. 11. Asine: Frödin, O. and Persson, Ax., Asine (Stockholm, 1938), 229Google Scholar, fig. 168. 1. Lerna: Caskey, J., ‘The Early Helladic Period in the Argolid’, Hesp. 29 (1960)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, fig. 1 c. Ag. Dimitrios: Zachos (n. 36), 178–9 fig. 44. 29/81–592/82.

70 Troy II: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), figs. 413. 11, 414. 3, 4, 6. Emporio VI: Hood (n. 34), 310 fig. 142. 450–1. Emporio VI/V: ibid., 351 and fig. 161. 835. Emporio V: ibid., fig. 163. 851, 856. Emporio II: id. (n. 48), fig. 197. 1416–8. Traverso (n. 62), 67 figs. 9 g, 10 e, f, 11. Poliochni azzurro: Bernabò-Brea, i (n. 44), pl. xxxiv f. Poliochni bruno: id., ii (n. 44), pl. cclxvi. 1. Tigani: Furness (n. 37), fig. 8. 14. Heraion: Milojčić (n. 34), pls. 46. 3. 35. 30. 35. 70, 36. 6. Alimnia: Sampson (n. 37), fig. 104. 58, discussion on chronology on p. 62 pl. xvi. Partheni: ibid., fig. 117. 9, 15, discussion on chronology on pp. 92–5. Vathy: Furness (n. 37), fig. 10. 5. Palamari: Parlama (n. 45), 85 and fig. 6. 2.

71 MacGillivray (n. 35), 18 and fig. 5. 104.

72 EC II: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), fig. 15. Ξ32. EC II–III A: ibid., fig. 23. Γ85, Ξ292.

73 Manika: Town, Manika 1985, 88; fig. 24 β. Γ3; cemetery, ibid., 180 tomb XX and fig. 65. 26. Ag Kosmas: Mylonas (n. 36), 16 and fig. 125. 25. Rouf: Petritaki (n. 41), fig. 25. Eutresis: Caskey–Caskey (n. 36), 153, fig. 11. VIII 6. Tiryns: EH II: Weisshaar (n. 33), fig. 19. 14; id. (n. 36), fig. 80. 9, 13. EH III A: id. (n. 43), fig. 73. 11; id. (n. 36), fig. 82. 9, 12. Kefalari: Dousougl (n. 36), fig. 26. 148.

74 Troy I: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), type AI fig. 262. 14. Troy II: ibid., fig. 413. 25; Frirdich (n. 37), pl. 54. 16. Emporio IX: Hood (n. 34), 250 and fig. 120. 44, 51. Emporio HI or II: id. (n. 48) fig. 195. 1382. Emporio II: ibid., fig. 198. 1481. Poliochni: Traverso (n. 62), 67 fig. 8 g—f. Heraion: Milojčić (n. 34), pl. 35. 27, 37, 52. Kasos: Melas, E., The Islands of Karpathos, Saws and Kasos in the Neolithic and the Bronze Age (SIMA 58; Göteborg, 1985). 255Google Scholar and fig. 44. 1553–4.

75 Parlama (n. 45), fig. 4. 6.

76 Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 78–9; figs. 16 b–17; pls. 37–43.

77 Cf. the cave of Zas on Naxos for instance, Zachos (n. 35). 696.

78 Sotirakopoulou (n. 38), 300–3. Karantzali (n. 14), 119–20.

79 Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 79–80; fig. 18 a and pl. 44. Chalandriani: Tsountas (n. 38), 85 and pl. 9. 12. Phylakopi: Karantzali (n. 14), 39 and fig. 55. P245.

80 Emporio II: Hood (n. 48), fig. 200. 1558. Emporio I: ibid., fig. 209. 1821. Tigani: Felsch (n. 37), 187 and pl. 69. 396.

81 Phylakopi: Atkinson, T. D. et al. , Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos (The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies supp. 4; London, 1904), 252, 259Google Scholar; pl. xxxiii 1, 2, 3–8. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 80–1; figs. 18 b–20 and pls. 45–50. Kastro: Overbeck, J., The Bronze Age Pottery from the Kastro at Paros (SIMA Pocket Book 78; Jonsered, 1989), 89Google Scholar nos. 43–50; figs. 20–5.

82 The deteriorated Urfirnis are also partially glazed by thin and dull coating in the manner just described, recorded since the end of EH II and during the subsequent EH III periods, cf. Cosmopoulos, M., The Early Bronze 2 in the Aegean (SIMA 98; Jonsered, 1991), 38Google Scholar esp. n. 9, e.g. at Tiryns, Weisshaar (n. 36), 224 fig. 69, perhaps comparable with partially glazed ware at Zygouries, Blegen, C., Zygouries (Cambridge, Mass., 1928), 83–6Google Scholar, cf. also above n. 33 and Ag. Kosmas, Mylonas (n. 36), 151.

83 Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 85–6; fig. 23 b and pl. 58. Kynthos: Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 46a b. Tiryns: EH II, Weisshaar (n. 33), fig. 14. 6; EH III late, id. (n. 36), fig. 87. 9. Ag. Dimitrios: Zachos (n. 36), fig. 50. Π3797. Troy I: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), fig. 264. 24. Troy II: Frirdich (n. 37), pl. 1. 10.

84 Palamari: Parlama (n. 45), figs. 4. 2, 5. 7. Ag. Irini: Caskey (n. 35), 366 and fig. 4. B55. Mikre Vigla: Barber–Hadjianastasiou (n. 40), fig. 5. 7. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 86; fig. 23 γ and pls. 93–4, item Γ110 in particular; fig. 24 γ. Panormos: Karantzali (n. 14), 120 and fig. 21. Sx21, 34.

85 Manika: Manika 1985, figs. 21. K58, 24 ε Γ38. Sapouna-Sakellaraki (n. 32), fig. 72. 382. Lithares: Tzavella-Evjen (n. 58), 151 and fig. 4 b first to the right. Thebes: Demakopoulou–Konsola (n. 30), figs. 6. 16, 7. 11. Rouf: Petritaki (n. 41), fig. 19. Perachora: Fossey (n. 69), fig. 3. 14. Eutresis: Goldman, H., Excavations at Eutresis in Boeotia (Cambridge, Mass., 1931)Google Scholar, fig. 133. 14. Caskey–Caskey (n. 36), fig. 11. VIII57. Tiryns: EH II, Weisshaar (n. 33), fig. 6. 11, 12. 11, 13; EH III A, ibid., fig. 22. 4. id. (n. 36), fig. 87. 10. id. (n. 43), fig. 77. 16. Makrovouni: Dousougli (n. 36), fig. 10. 26–7. Ag. Dimitrios: Zachos (n. 36), figs. 46. 651/81–1041/81, 67. 631/82. Troy: Frirdich (n. 37), pl. 49. 1.

86 Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 81–2; fig. 21 a and pl. 51, cf. OT. 16 in particular.

87 Avdeli: Tomb 1, Doumas (n. 46), 124 and pl. xlix e, m. Lakkoudhes A: Tomb III, ibid., 122 and pls. xlvii e, xlix g. Naxos: Karantzali (n. 14), 27 and figs. 10. MN5178, 11. 5173–4. Chalandriani: ibid., 33, fig. 41 b. 5086; Doumas (n. 46), 129 and fig. L f. Tsountas (n. 38), pl. 9. 25, 28. Kynthos A: MacGillivray (n. 35), fig. 4. 48. Ag. Irini: Caskcy (n. 35), 365 and fig. 5. B29–31. Akrotiri (Naxos): Tomb 16–Syros phase, Doumas (n. 46), 84–5, 91 and pl. xxxi e.

88 Manika Sector II: Manika 1985, 42. EH II: Sapouna-Sakellaraki (n. 32), 255, fig. 93. 21. Lerna: although the relevant group is wedged within the earliest horizon of phase IV, it is more convincing to accept the argument that these few sherds have intruded from phase III, Rutter, J. et al. , Lerna: A Preclassical Site in the Argolid, vol. III. The Pottery of Lerna IV (Princeton, 1995), 341–2Google Scholar, form IX: type 1 ill. S–9.1; cf. in particular fig. 14. P311, 316. Eutresis: Goldman (n. 85), 97 fig. 125; 100 fig. 128. 1, 2. Caskey–Caskey (n. 36), 155 fig. 11. VIII 34. Zygouries: Blegen, Zygouries (n. 82), 87 figs. 75–6; 107–8 figs. 90, 93; cf. also funerary vessels in fig. 96. Asine: Frödin-Persson (n. 69), 207 fig. 154. 8. Tiryns: Weisshaar (n. 33), fig. 16. 17–8.

89 Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulo u (n. 30), 84; fig. 21 e and pl. 55. Manika: EH I–II: Manika 1985, 131 type 9; pl. 10. 9; fig. 7. 59, 64, 76; p. 90 and fig. 24 ζ, Π10; EH II B, ibid., figs. 19. K13, 23. K105. Troy I: Blegen et. al., i (n. 37), fig. 264. 26. Troy II: Frirdich (n. 37), pis. 5. 10, 56. 11. Emporio II: Hood (n. 48), fig. 200. 1553. Heraion: Milojčić (n. 34), pls. 36. 8, 35. 59. Alimnia: Sampson (n. 37), 80 bowl type 1; discussion on dating, 85–6 and 62 pl. xvi. Partheni: ibid., fig. 117. 21 and similar examples, discussion on dating, pp. 92–5.

90 Rutter et al. (n. 88), 344–5, ill. S-9.3.

91 Rafina: D. Theocharis, ‘᾿Ανασκαφἠ ἐν ᾿Αραφῆνι’, PAE (1952), 147 fig. 10 (3rd line, second to the right). Kapsala: Tsountas (n. 2), tomb g, 151 and pl. 9. 12. Zygouries: Blegen (n. 82), 104–5, fig. 88. 2. Asine: Frödin–Persson (n. 69), 206–7, figs. 154. 5–7 (EH II), 158. 11 (EH III). Manika: Sapouna-Sakellaraki, E., ‘Νἐοι τάφοι στή Μάνικα Χαλκίδας (οἰκόπ Παπασταματίου)’, ᾿Αρχεῖον Εὐβοϊκῶν Μελετῶν 27 (19861987), 15Google Scholar and photograph no 12. Troy: Blegen et al., ii (n. 37), fig. 60. III–117. Thermi: Lamb (n. 62), pl. xh. 17. Emporio: Hood (n. 48), fig. 239. 1408. Archangelos: Sampson (n. 37), figs. 1, 92. 68 70. Kasos: Melas (n. 74), 235 and fig. 44. 1496.

92 Sampson (n. 37), 25, figs. 14. 151, 156, 15. 161–3. Felsch (n. 37), 150 and pl. 55. 101.

93 Ag. Irini: Caskey (n. 35), 365 and fig. 3. B25. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 103; fig. 37 b and pl. 105–6; MR96K15/4d4 is akin to Theraic Ξ294 and Φ50. Kynthos A: MacGillivray (n. 35), 14, 16 and fig. 4. 50, 417. Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 44. Pyrgos: Tsountas (n. 2), 174 and pl. 9. 15. Naxos: Karantzali (n. 14), 27 and fig. 7. a.MN6117. Agrilia: Tomb 38, ibid., fig. 22 e. Paros: ibid., figs. 32 d, 34 a. Phylakopi: J. Evans and C. Renfrew, ‘The Earlier Bronze Age at Phylakopi’, in MacGillivray–Barber (n. 49), 64. Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 55. P316. Ano Kouphonisi: F. Zapheiropoulou, ‘The chronology of the Kampos group’, ibid., 37, fig. 3 c. Crete: P. Warren, ‘Early Cycladio Early Minoan correlations’, ibid., fig. 3.

94 Eutresis: Goldman (n. 85), pl. vi 2. Poliochni: Bernabó-Brea, i (n. 44), pl. ix (arcaica) and pls. xiv b, xv e (evoluta). Heraion: Milojčić (n. 34), pl. 46. 8.

95 Karantzali (n. 14), 147, 254. cf. also P. Avgerinou, ‘O οικισμός της Μὐρινας’, in Doumas–La Rosa (n. 62), 278 figs. 3, 5.

96 Karantzali (n. 14), 145–6, 147, 257.

97 Ibid., fig. 116 b.

98 Ag. Irini: Caskey (n. 35), 366 and fig. 3. B37. Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 99 n. 371. Akrotiri: ibid., 98; fig. 34 γ and pls. 93–4. Kynthos B: MacGillivray (n. 35), fig. 7. 424–5. Manika: settlement type 22: Manika 1985, 133, 134 and fig. 23. K100; cemetery, ibid., fig. 52. 6. Lithares: Tzavella-Evjen (n. 58), 154 and fig. 11 a. Kefalari: Dousougli (n. 36), fig. 27. 170.

99 Kalythies: Type 15, Sampson (n. 37), 25, 45, discussion on chronology on p. 63; pls. xiv, xvi; fig. 12. 122, 129. Emporio IX–VIII: Hood (n. 34), 258 and fig. 123. 158; 272 and fig. 129. 232. Emporio VII: ibid., 336 and fig. 155. 688. Emporio IV: ibid., fig. 172. 1105. Emporio III: id. (n. 48), fig. ig6. 1400. Heraion: Milojčić (n. 34), pl. 38. 18. Poliochni: M. Cultraro ‘Nuovi dati sul periodo verdi di Poliochni’, in Doumas–La Rosa (n. 62), 105 fig. 4. 8–9.

100 Hood (n. 34), 246 and fig. 118. 4. Frödin–Persson (n. 69), 217 fig. 160. 3 with a low rim, p. 231 fig. 168. 4 rimless.

101 Bossert (n. 38), 74 and fig. 5. 10; Weisshaar (n. 43), fig. 77. 18.

102 Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 107–8; fig. 38. Φ179; Felsch (n. 37), 184 and pl. 67. 354.

103 EH I: Caskey–Caskey (n. 36), fig. 4. Ill 16 and pl. 47. EH II: Goldman (n. 85), 109, fig. 142. 3.

104 Troy III: Blegen et al, ii (n. 37), 33; fig. 59b. D23. Troy IV: ibid., fig. 154 b. D23. Troy V: ibid., fig. 238. D23. Emporio IX–VIII: Hood (n. 34), 172, 246 fig. 118. 6. id. (n. 48), fig. 210. 1829.

105 Eutresis: Caskey–Caskey (n. 36), 155, fig. 11. VIII 20. Tiryns: Weisshaar (n. 36), fig. 87. 6. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), fig. 38. Δ067. Rouf: Petritaki (n. 41), fig. 42.

106 Caskey (n. 35), fig. 4. B67.

107 Tiryns: Weisshaar (n. 36), fig. 82. 2. Poliochni: cf. n. 141.

108 Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35), 35 and fig. 13. 387. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 35), 106–7; figs 37 δ–38 a. Ag. Irini: Caskey (n. 35), 366; fig. 4. B66.

109 Manika: Sapouna-Sakellaraki (n. 32), 146; fig. 17. 24. Rouf: Petritaki (n. 41), figs. 21 3, 43–4. Ag. Dimitrios: Zachos (n. 36), fig. 56. Korakou: Blegen, C., Korakou, A Prehistoric Settlement Near Corinth (Boston, 1921), 13Google Scholar fig. 15. Eutresis: Goldman (n. 85), fig. 141 right. Lithares: Tzavella-Evjen (n. 58), 153–4 and fig. 10.

110 Fossey (n. 6g), fig. 3. 1–2.

111 Sykaminia: Caskey (n. 35), 358; pl. 76. S 1–2. Ag. Irini: ibid., 360 and pl. 76. A17–25; 362 and pl. 76. A62–3. Mavrispilia: Belmont, J. and Renfrew, C., ‘Two prehistoric sites on Mykonos’, AJA 68 (1964), 395CrossRefGoogle Scholar and pl. 127. 9. Phylakopi and Grotta: Renfrew (n. 8), 155, fig. 10. 2, 5, 11. Palati: Karantzali (n. 14), 124 and figs. 2 c, 120 d. Ag. Sostis: Gropengiesser (n. 38), fig. 4. 19. Kouphonisi: Karantzali (n. 14), 124–5. At the Ministry of the Aegean Conference, Η συμβολή του Yπουργείου Αιγαίου στην έρευνα και ανάδειξη του Πολιτισμοὐ του Αρχιπελάγους, Athens 5–7 Apr. 2001, Sampson reported the recovery of numerous cheese-pots from Ftelia on Mykonos and dated the settlement to 5100–4600/4500 BC, contemporary with Saliangos. The full publication of this discovery will obviously change received opinion on the chronological range, and the earliest appearance of this pottery type in the Aegean.

112 Aegina: Walter-Felten (n. 50), pl. 78. 65–71. Athens: S. Immerwahr, The Athenian Agora, vol. XIII. The Neolithic and the Bronze Ages (Princeton, 1971), 15 and pl. 12. 184–8; dating on p. 19–21. Palaia Kokkinia: D. Theocharis, ‘᾿Ανασκαφὴ ἐν Παλαιᾷ Κοκκινιᾷ Πειραιῶς’, PAE 1951, 107–8 fig. 23. Tiryns: Weisshaar (n. 36), fig. 78. 10.

113 Emporio: Hood (n. 34), 172–4 fig. 98. 3; pp. 247–9 fig. 119; p. 309 fig. 141; p. 359 fig. 163. 850. id. (n. 48), 472; fig. 210. 1831. Ag. Gala: id. (n. 34), 37 and fig. 19. 91–3, dating on pp. 75, 80.

114 Alimnia: Sampson (n. 37), 81; figs. 102. 24–32 and 111. Partheni: ibid., 89, figs. 126–9 and pl. 47. Koukoumia: ibid., 102 and fig. 140. 7. Kalythies: ibid., 24 and fig. 10. 89; p. 30 and fig. 34 b. Heraion: Milojić (n. 34), pls. 35. 74, 39. 9, 40. 25, 44. 17. Tigani: Furness (n. 37), 182. Tigani IV, Felsch (n. 37), 190 and pl. 70. 424–5. Ag. Gala: Furness (n. 37), pl. xxii 15. Vathy: ibid., 193. Aspripetra: ibid., D. Levi, ‘La Grotta di Aspripetra a Coo’, ASA 8–9 (1925–6), 294, fig. 82. Kos and Astypalaia: Hope-Simpson, R. and Lazenby, J., ‘Notes from the Dodecanese III’, BSA 68 (1973), 170Google Scholar.

115 Blegen et al., i (n. 37), fig. 414. 30, 31.

116 Ag. Irini II: Caskey (n. 35), 366 and fig. 4. B59. Ag. Irini III: ibid., fig. 6. C37. Such rims also characterize mattpainted ware of the MB, ibid., 376 and fig. 8.D5. Ag. Sostis: Gropengiesser (n. 38), 34 and fig. 7. 30–1.

117 Manika: EH I–II: Manika 1985, 132 types 12, 15; pl. 10. 12, 15 and figs. 4. P21, 24 ζ. Π4. EH II B: ibid., figs. 20. K33, 21. K41, 54, 58, 26. T 1, 26, 31 β. Σ6; Sapouna-Sakellaraki (n. 32), 142 and figs. 15, 17–9. Lithares: Tzavella-Evjen (n. 58), 151 and fig. 4 a. Orchomenos: Kunze (n. 36), 66–8, fig. 28 d, g, h. Thebes: Demakopoulou–Konsola (n. 30), 58 and figs. 6. 11, 21, 7. 9, 10, 12. Rouf: Petritaki (n. 41), figs. 27–8. Ag. Kosmas: Mylonas (n. 36), fig. 54. 53 1, 4, 6.

118 Tiryns: EH II Hor. 1–2, 5–8, Weisshaar (n. 33), figs. 3. 2–4, 6, 8, 12. 10, 17–9, 13. 1, 16. 1, 4, 6, 12, 14; cf. id. (n. 36), figs. 78. 10–12, 79. 6, 81; EH III A–U. 9, id. (n. 43), fig. 77. 14, 15, 17; id. (n. 33), fig. 22. 2, 11; id. (n. 36), figs. 83, 84. 3, 5, 10. Ag. Dimitrios: EH I/II, Zachos (n. 36), fig. 46. B135; EH II, ibid., figs. 48. 132/81, 49. 341/82; cf. also pithos in fig. 67. 867. Messenia: Davis, J. et al. , ‘The Pylos regional archaeological project, Part I’, Hesp. 66 (1997), 431CrossRefGoogle Scholar, fig. 13. 2 from Vromonen Nozaina and fig. 13. 433 from Vergina Rema. Eutresis: Caskey–Caskey (n. 36), 142, fig. 4. III 11, 12. Makrovouni: Dousougli (n. 36), 182 and fig. 11.

119 Troy I and II: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), 75, 240, type D23; figs. 223b. D23, 370b. D23. Troy I: ibid., fig. 259 i.f. Emporio: Hood (n. 48), fig. 254. 2624.

120 Poliochni: Bernabò-Brea (n. 44), pl. ccxxiii c. Heraio: Milojčić (n. 34), pl. 44. 9. Archangelos: Sampson (n. 37), 71 type 7 and fig. 86. 15; dating on pp. 77–8.

121 Palamari: Parlama (n. 45), fig. 4. 5. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 87.

122 Manika: Manika 1985, 132 type 13; pl. 10. 13; figs. 21. K44, 24 ε. Γ32. Lithares: Tzavella-Evjen (n. 58), 151 and fig. 4 b. Thebes: Demakopoulou–Konsola (n. 30), fig. 7. 6, 11. Rouf: Petritaki (n. 41), fig. 29. Eutresis: Goldman (n. 85), fig. 133. 8. Tiryns: EH II–Hor. 1, 4, 7b, Weisshaar (n. 33), figs. 3. 5, 6. 10, 16. 10. Ag. Dimitrios: Zachos (n. 36), fig. 67. 604/82.

123 Emporio: Hood (n. 48), fig. 250. 2549. Troy: Frirdich (n. 37), pl. 35. 13.

124 Caskey (n. 35), fig. 1. P9.

125 Ag. Irini II: ibid., 366 and fig. 4. B48–51. Ag. Irini III: ibid., 372 and fig. 6. C19–22. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 93–5; figs. 26 33 and pls. 73–87. Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35), 32–4 fig. 12. 186, 188, 191. Palati: Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 2 a, b. Panormos: ibid., 25; figs. 18, 119 g–h, 120 a. Keros: ibid., figs. 30 a, 32 b. Ag. Sostis: Gropengiesser (n. 38), figs. 33 6. Phylakopi: Karantzali (n. 14), 38; fig. 54 a.

126 Manika: EH I/II, Manika 1985, fig. 7. P63; EH II B, ibid., 133, type 23 and pl. 10. 23; p. 70 and figs. 20. K27, 31, 21. K38, 39, 64, 27. T34, 37. Perachora: EH I, Fossey (n. 69), fig. 3. 1–3, 5, 7; EH I/II, ibid., fig. 5. 3–7. Korakou: Blegen (n. 109), 12, fig. 14. Makrovouni: Dousougli (n. 36), 189 and fig. 19. 103–5. Tiryns (Hor. 9): Weisshaar (n. 43), fig. 77. 6. Sherd MR97/1 in particular is encountered earlier in EH II (Hor. 6, 7b, 8a) as well as EH III A levels (Hor. 9), id. (n. 33), figs. 14.6, 16.15, 19. 18 and 22.1, respectively. Ag. Dimitrios: EH I/II, Zachos (n. 36), figs. 49. 1102/81, 50. Π3797; EH II, ibid., figs. 49. Π3796, 50. 464/81.

127 Emporio IX–VIII: Hood (n. 34), 267 and figs. 125. 175–6, 127, 128. Emporio VII–VI: ibid., 332 and fig. 155. 658–9; p. 334 and fig. 156. 662. Emporio V–IV: ibid., fig. 181. 1196–8, 1203. Tigani I: Felsch (n. 37), 150 and pl. 55. 102. Troy II: Frirdich (n. 37), pls. 10. 1–2, 6, 13. 15–6 etc. Partheni: Sampson (n. 37), fig. 121. 66, dating pp. 92–5. Vathy: Furness (n. 37), fig. 10. 10. Kasos: Melas (n. 74), 235 and fig. 44. 1555–6.

128 Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 87–8; figs. 23 ε–24 α and pls. 61–3. Ag. Sostis: Gropengiesser (n. 38), fig. 4. 10. Manika: Mamka 1985, 131 type 9; pl. 10. 9; pp. 91–2 fig. 24ζ Π15. Rouf: Petritaki (n. 41), fig. 31. Troy: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), fig. 414. 9. Frirdich (n. 37), pl. 19. 12 etc.

129 According to Sampson, these phases from Ag. Georgios are dated to a period between Ag. Gala–Upper Gave and Kum Tepe I A, Sampson (n. 37), 23–4 type 6 and figs. 8–9; dating on pp. 46 and 58 65 pls. xiv, xvi. Archangelos: ibid., 71 type 5 and fig. 86. 18; dating on pp. 85–6 and 62 pl. xvi.

130 Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 95–7; fig. 34 a and pls. 89–90. Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35), 19–20 and fig. 5. 58, 119, 299, 14, 63, 434. Ag. Irini: Caskey (n. 35), 373 and fig. 6. C46; pl. 80. C1, C42–44. Akrotiraki: Tsountas (n. 38), 75; pl. 9. 11. Chalandriani: ibid., 93; pl. 9. 7, 5. Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 43 b, c. Panormos: ibid., 26, fig. 21. MN5027. Apeiranthos: Renfrew, C., ‘Crete and the Cyclades before Radamanthys’, Kr. Chron. 18 (1964)Google Scholar, pl. Z3. 4.

131 Lebena: ibid., pl. Z3. 2. Lefkandi I: Popham-Sackett (n. 39), 8, fig. 7. 7, 8. Boeotia: Mountjoy, P., ‘Some Early and Middle Helladic Pottery from Boeotia’, BSA 75 (1980), fig. 1. 67Google Scholar. Kolona III: Walter–Felten (n. 50), 155 no. 130 and pl. 85. 130 ix. Manika: Manika 1985, 255, figs. 59, 59 α; Papavasileiou, G., Περὶ τῶν ἐν Εὐβοίᾳ ἀρχαίων τάφων (Athens, 1910)Google Scholar, pl. H. 1, 5. Orchomenos: Kunze (n. 36), 54 6; pl. xxiii 2–4 and fig. 15. Eutresis: Goldman (n. 85), 105, fig. 138. Ag. Kosmas: cemetery, Mylonas (n. 36), 75 and fig. 140. 161, 168; p. 79 and fig. 143. 158, 180; Sector V of the settlement, ibid., fig. 152. 232. Rafina: Theocharis (n. 91), 145–6, figs. 10, 12. Thorikos: Spitaels (n. 36), figs. 105–6. Thebes: Demakopoulou–Konsola (n. 30), 61, fig. 5. 2.

132 Troy I: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), 64; fig. 264. A39. Troy II: ibid., 229; figs. 370a. A39, 378. Troy III: iid., ii (n. 37), figs. 68, 69. Troy IV: ibid., figs. 160, 182. 17, 18, 184. 11, 12. Korfmann, M., ‘Troia—Ausgrabungen 1992’, Studia Troica, 3 (1993)Google Scholar, fig. 32. 9. Poliochni: Bernabò-Brea, i (n. 44), pl. cxliii a–f, k. Heraion: Milojčić (n. 34), pls. 15. 1, 21. 1, 5, 47. 4, 6.

133 Wilson, D., ‘Kea and east Attike in Early Bronze II: beyond pottery typology’, in Fossey, M. (ed.) Συνεισϕορά (McGill Papers in Greek Archaeology and History in Memory of C. D. Gordon; Amsterdam, 1987), 42Google Scholar.

134 Grotta: Renfrew (n. 8), fig. 10. 2, 8. Karantzali (n. 38), 19. Palati: ibid., fig. 2 f. Ag. Irini: Caskey (n. 35), 366 and fig. 3. B42. Akrotiri: Sotirakopoulou (n. 38), 305; fig. 2. 5797–8, cf. also 4191; ead. (n. 30), 111; figs. 40 β–44 α and pls. 136–46. Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35), 31 and fig. 11. 225, 226, 371. Outward pithos rims occur in the MB strata of Ag. Irini, Caskey (n. 35), 382 and fig. 10.D87.

135 Manika: EH I–II, Manika 1985, 137 type 6 and pl. 12. 6; p. 32 and fig. 6. P55; EH II, ibid., figs. 19. K14, 20. K22, esp. 22. K75, 24 ε. Γ28 and even 16. 36. Sapouna-Sakellaraki (n. 32), figs. 40–1. Boeotia: Mountjoy (n. 131), fig. 1. 15. Rouf: Petritaki (n. 41), fig. 48. Perachora: EH I, Fossey (n. 69), fig. 2. 5–8; EH I/II, ibid., fig. 4. 14. Fourini: Dousougli (n. 46), fig. 32 h. Tiryns: EH II–Hor. 7a, Weisshaar (n. 33), fig. 14. 7; EH III A–Hor. 9, ibid., figs. 21. 8, 22. 13; id. (n. 36), figs. 88. 7, 90. 1, 9, 11, 91. 6. Ag. Dimitrios: EH I/II, Zachos (n. 36), fig. 64. 218/80; EH II, ibid., fig. 66. 441/81–56/81.

136 Troy II: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), fig. 414. 20. Emporio IV–VI: Hood (n. 34), fig. 181. 1218–9. Emporio II: id. (n. 48), fig. 203. 1603–4. Kalythies: Sampson (n. 37), fig. 18. 176, 191. Tigani: Furness (n. 37), fig. 8. 16, 17. Felsch (n. 37), 196 and pl. 73. 479.

137 Ag. Irini II: Caskey (n. 35), 366 and fig. 4. B52. Kynthos: MacGillivray (n. 35), 32 and fig. 11. 181. Panormos: Karantzah (n. 14), fig. 20. Sx8. Manika: EHII A, Manika 1985, 139 type 9 and pl. 12. 9; p. 91 and fig. 24. II3; EH II B, ibid., fig. 31 β. Σ2. Perachora: Fossey (n. 69), figs. 4. 16–20, 5. 1. Ag. Dimitrios: Zachos (n. 36), fig. 64. Emporio: Hood (n. 48), fig. 215. 1886.

138 Palati: Karantzali (n. 14), 20 and fig. 2 g. Phylakopi: ibid., fig. 54 bottom section. Evans-Renfrew (n. 93), 64, fig. 1 a.

139 Marangou, ‘Evidence’ (n. 17), 106, no. 6; fig. 17.

140 Karantzali (n. 14), 28; fig. 27. 4551.

141 Palamari: Parlama (n. 45), 85 and fig. 6. 1. Poliochni: V. Tiné, ‘Nuovi dati sul Poliochni nero’, in Doumas–La Rosa (n. 62), 38 pl. ii f. Tiryns: cf. n. 107.

142 Avdeli: Tomb 1, Doumas (n, 46), 124; pl. xlix j. Akrotiri (Naxos): Tomb 15, ibid., 91; pl. xxxi d. Ag. Anargyroi: Tomb 9, ibid., 109; pl. xxxvii a. Panormos: Karantzali (n. 14), 25; fig. 21 a MN5050. Agrilia: Tomb 22, ibid., 28; fig. 22 d. Tzavari: ibid., fig. 29 b. Kat'Akrotiri: ibid., 41; fig. 60 g 4736. Stavros: ibid., fig. 60 b. Dokathismata: Tsountas (n. 2), 154; pl. 9. 21. Chalandriani: Tsountas (n. 38), 85; pl. 9. 3; Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 41 f 5033, a 6180. Kapros (Phylakopi): Bosanquet, R., ‘Notes from the Cyclades’, BSA 3 (18961897), 54–6Google Scholar. Warren (n. 93), 55–6 with previous literature, fig. 1 a. Pelos: Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 58. A180. Despotikon: ibid., fig. 36 b and c respectively.

143 Ibid., 106; figs. 109 e, 109A a, b.

144 Manika: town, Manika 1988, 32 and fig. 4. P30; p. 91 and fig. 24ζ. Π1; cemetery, Manika 1988, 32, 65 and fig. 82. 164. 5723; Papavasileiou (n. 131), 10 and pl. E. 1. Troy II: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), 236, C28; figs. 370b. C28, 401. 35.515. Troy III: iid., ii (n. 37), 30; fig. 59b. C28. Alimnia: Sampson (n. 37), fig. 101. 13, dating on p. 62 pl. xvi.

145 Naxos: Karantzali (n. 14), 27; fig. 9. MN5192. Akrotiri (Naxos): Doumas (n. 46), tomb 14, p. 91 and pl. xxxi; tomb 23, p. 95 and pl. xxxiii m; tomb 8, p. 88 and pl. xxix f.; tomb 7, p. 88 and pl. xxix d; tomb 9, p. 89 and pl. xxix j, k; tomb 3, p. 86 and pl. xxvii e. Lakkoudhes: ibid., 79; pl. xxv f. Ag. Anargyroi: ibid., 108; pl. xxxvi b, c. Despotikon: Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 109 c. Pelos: Edgar, C., ‘Pre-historic tombs at Pelos’, BSA 3 (18961897), 44–5Google Scholar, figs. 10–12, cf. also figs. 3, 13; some of these are now in the collection of the British School at Athens, see Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 58 b. Phylakopi: Atkinson et al. (n. 81), 83, fig. 67. Antiparos: Karantzali (n. 14), fig. 35 a. 1403. Panagia (Paros): Tsountas (n. 2), 157; pl. 9. 2. Karantzali (n. 14), 339; fig. 34 b, e,f. Paros: ibid., fig. 107 c. Alonistria: ibid., fig. 26. 4617. Kouphonisi: ibid., 102, fig. 107 d.

146 Manika: EH I–II, Manika 1985, fig. 6. P50; EH II B, ibid., fig. 19. K3. Ag. Kosmas: Mylonas (n. 36), ill. 132. 84, cf. examples from the cemetery on p. 90 and fig. 150. 207. Troy II: Blegen et al., i (n. 37), fig. 403. 35:514. Alimnia: Sampson (n. 37), fig. 101. 14.

147 Plastiras: Doumas (n. 46), 97; fig. xxxiv. Ag. Anargyroi: ibid., pls. xxxvi a, xxxvii b. Lakkoudhes A: ibid., 121–2; pl. xlix b. Aplomata: Karantzali (n. 14), 106.

148 Doumas (n. 46), 16 fig. 3 f, h,j.

149 Ibid., 18 fig. 6 f.

150 Ibid., 20 fig. 8.

151 Ibid., 23 types g, h, fig. 12.

152 Karantzali (n. 14), 101–2, 105–6.

153 Rutter, J., ‘Fine grey-burnished pottery of the Early Helladic III period. The ancestry of the grey Minyan’, Hesp. 52 (1983), 328, 348–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

154 Sotirakopoulou (n. 38), 304 n. 45.

155 MacGillivray (n. 35), 13 and fig. 3. 4, 412.

156 Renfrew (n. 130), 44.

157 Getz-Gentle, P., Stone vessels of the Cydades in the Early Bronze Age (Pennsylvania, 1996), 5961Google Scholar.

158 Panagia (Paros): Karantzali (n. 14), 31 and fig. 34 d. Krasades (Paros): Tsountas (n. 2), pl. 10. 18. Ag. Anargyroi: Doumas (n. 46), 10 7 and pl. xxxv e. Phylakopi: Atkinson et al. (n. 81), 195, fig. 164.

159 Getz-Gentle (n. 157), 257, C51.

160 Ibid., pl. 107 b.

161 Renfrew (n. 8); id., ‘Terminology and beyond’, in J. Davis and J. Cherry (eds) Papers in Cydadic Prehistory (Institute of Archaeology Monograph 14; Los Angeles, 1979), 51–63; Doumas (n. 46); contra, J. Coleman, ‘Chronological and cultural divisions of the Early Cycladic Period: a critical approach’, in Davis–Cherry (op. cit), 48–50; id., ‘Remarks on Terminology and beyond’, ibid., 64–5; Barber, R. and MacGillivray, J., ‘The Early Cycladic Period: Matters of definition and terminology’, AJA 84 (1980), 155–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

162 EC I late: Renfrew (n. 8). EC I/II: Doumas (n. 46), 24–5; Barber–MacGillivray (n. 8), 148. EC II early: Zapheiropoulou (n. 93), 31–40, cf. also Renfrew (n. 8), 150, table 9. II; Coleman, J., ‘Frying pans of the EBA Aegean’, AJA 89 (1985), 201, 204CrossRefGoogle Scholar. cf. discussion in Warren, P. and Hankey, V., Aegean Bronze Age Chronology (Bristol, 1989), 22–4Google Scholar.

163 J. MacGillivray, ‘The relative chronology of EC III’, in MacGillivray–Barber (n. 49), 70–7; Barber–MacGillivray (n. 161), 141–57; R. Barber, ‘The pottery of Phylakopi, first city, phase ii (I-ii)’, in MacGillivray–Barber (n. 49), 88–93; Evans–Renfrew (n. 93), 63–9; also Barber–MacGillivray (n. 8), 141–57.

164 Barber, R., ‘The definition of the Middle Cycladic Period and Addendum’, AJA 87 (1983), 7681CrossRefGoogle Scholar; id., ‘Phylakopi 1911 and the history of the later Cycladic Bronze Age’, BSA 69 (1974), 1–53; Renfrew, C., ‘Phylakopi and the Late Bronze I period in the Cyclades’, in Doumas, C. (ed.), Thera and the Aegean World, i (London, 1979), 405Google Scholar; cf. also Barber, R., The Cyclades in the Bronze Age (London, 1987), 21 fig. 22Google Scholar.

165 MacGillivray, J., ‘On the relative chronologies of EC III A and EH III’, AJA 87 (1983), 81–3CrossRefGoogle Scholar; id. (n. 163); Barber 1983 (n. 164); id. (n. 163); Warren–Hankey (n. 162) further suggest than EC III A and B run throughout EC III, a period including Phylakopi I-ii–iii, Kastri, Amorgos, Kea III, Kynthos B, Lefkandi I and Christiana, rendering the division into A and B redundant.

166 Barber–MacGillivray (n. 161), 141–57; MacGillivray (n. 163).

167 Rutter, J., Ceramic Change in the Aegean Early Bronze Age (Institute of Archaeology Occasional Paper 5; Los Angeles, 1979)Google Scholar; id., ‘Some observations in the Cyclades in the later third and early second millennium’, AJA 87 (1983), 69–76; id., ‘The EC III gap: what it is and how to go about filling it without making it go away’, in MacGillivray–Barber (n. 49), 95–107.

168 Doumas, C., ‘EBA in the Cyclades: continuity or discontinuity?’, in French, E. and Wardle, K. (eds) Problems in Greek Prehistory (Bristol, 1988), 21–9Google Scholar.

169 Sotirakopoulou (n. 38), 304, 309, esp. nn. 81, 83; ead., Οι προωϊμὀτατες φἁσεις του Ακρωτηρίου νεολιθικἠ και πρώϊμη εποχἡ του Χαλκού’, in Ακρωτήρι Θήρας: είκοσι χρόνια έρευνας 1967–87 (Athens, 1992), 191Google Scholar, nn. 25–6. ‘The later Keros–Syros culture, in Amorgos at least, must have overlapped in time with the Phylakopi I culture’ Renfrew (n. 8), 150, table 9. II; cf. also Barber–MacGillivray (n. 8), 151, n. 86; Barber 1983 (n. 164), 80.

170 Ibid., 306, 309; Renfrew (n. 8), 534–5; Barber–MacGillivray (n. 161), table I. Although the contemporaneity between Kastri and Amorgos groups is often reported, the chronological position of the former directly influences the chronological position of the latter. So Kastri and Amorgos have been considered as part of the Keros–Syros culture of late EC II by Cosmopoulos (n. 82), 47–8, or early EC II for certain Amorgos types, preceding Ag. Irini III, Panormos and Christiana among others, according to Karantzali (n. 14), 8–10, 106, 113; an EC III A dating has been suggested by Barber–MacGillivray (n. 35), 143, which overlaps with Phylakopi I according to Doumas (n. 46), 22–7; or an EC II late–EC III A date overlapping with Phylakopi I, according to Sotirakopoulou (n. 30), 171–4; ead. (n. 38), 309–10. Otherwise Kastri and Amorgos of Keros-Syros culture are seen overlapping with Phylakopi I which is however extending into MC I, as suggested by Renfrew for Amorgos and Naxos at least (n. 8), 194–5, 534–5 or are directly dated to MC I, the horizon of Amorgos, Phylakopi I, and Christiana according to Rutter 1983 (n. 167), 70, n. 10; table on p. 75.

171 Apart from references on dating in previous discussion, see also, Sampson, A., ‘Manika and mainland Greece in EH III: ceramic evidence for relations with the Aegean and Anatolia’, in Zerner, C. et al. (eds) Wace and Blegen, Pottery Evidence for Trade in the Aegean Bronze Age, 1939–89 (Amsterdam, 1993). 159–64Google Scholar.

172 Sapouna-Sakellaraki (n. 32), 236, 237, 265.

173 Furness (n. 37), 188, 174.

174 Hope-Simpson–Lazenby (n. 114), 170.

175 Ibid., 170–1.

176 Sampson, A., ‘The Neolithic in the Dodecanese and Aegean Neolithic’, BSA 79 (1984), 248–9Google Scholar; id., ‘Η Νεολιθικἡ στον χωρο του Αιγαίου’, AAA 18 (1985), 257, table I; id. (n. 37), 62 pl. xvi.

177 For the correlation between Emporio and Troy, Hood (n. 34), 85–91. For the correlation between Thermi I–V and Troy I, Lamb (n. 62), 209; Blegen et al., i (n. 37), 40; Séfèriades, M., Troie I (Paris, 1985), 233Google Scholar, table II. However, C14 samples from Thermi now attribute Thermi I to the Poliochni azzurro horizon or Troy I, which is placed in the first half of the 3rd millennium, while associating Thermi V with Poliochni verde, but not giallo; Begemann, F., Schmitt-Strecker, S., and Pernicka, E., ‘The metal finds from Thermi III–V: a chemical and lead isotope study’, Studia Troica, 2 (1992), 220–1, 224Google Scholar. As earlier stated, the position of Troy I is a hotly debated issue, some placing its start at the end of EB I, cf. Warren–Hankey (n. 162), 11, table 2.1, others at the beginning of the 3rd millennium. Korfmann has suggested the following correlations for EB Troy. Troy I = EB I (Kum Tepe I C)–EB II A; Troy II = EB II B–EB III A; Troy III = EB III A late; Troy IV = EB III B; Troy V = Poliochni bruno, Heraion V, c. 2000 BC. The position of Thermi in particular is seen as corresponding to Troy Ig–IId, i.e. EB II A–B. This is suggested to be the horizon of Poliochni late azzurro, verde, and rosso as well as Heraion I. EB III a and b should correspond with Poliochni giallo and Heraion II–IV Consequently, Troy V marks the beginning of the Middle Bronze around 2000 BC, being contemporary with Poliochni bruno and Heraion V, Korfmann, M., Demircihüyük, Band III2, (Mainz, 1988), 117Google Scholar, fig. 98. Felsch (n. 37), 128 pl.2 also places Heraion I within EB II.

178 Marangou 1999 (n. 16), 22.

179 Gale, N. and Stos-Gale, Z., ‘Cycladic lead and silver metallurgy’, BSA 76 (1981), 208, 211Google Scholar and fig. 13.

180 Rutter (n. 88), 548–651.

181 Doumas, C., ‘Κορφἡ τ᾿ ᾿ Αρωνιοῦ Μικρἀ ἀνασκαφική ἔρευνα ἐν ΝΆξω’, A. Delt. 20 (1965), 46Google Scholar.

182 Mylonas (n. 36), 151–2.

183 Sotirakopoulou 1992 (n. 169), 194. It is reported that the overwhelming presence of bowls and the small numbers of other vessels, such as prochoi, is similarly attested in Poliochni and Koukonisi, comment by C. Boulotis in Doumas–La Rosa (n. 62), 382. For Lerna III and Eutresis, cf. Caskey (n. 69) 290, ‘smaller saucers of both shallow and deep varieties tend gradually to replace the bowls and are found in astonishing profusion … a parallel change occured at Eutresis’.

184 Mee–Forbes (n. 25), 45.

185 It should be remembered that the different parts of the 1996 grid were not of equal size, so the percentages here presented should be useful in terms of analogies rather than absolute values in the strictest sense. However, even a cursory glance at the grid itself would suffice to show that these analogies do not merely hold good but may be strengthened by the size differences observed.

186 Marangou, PAE 1990, 270.