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THE FOUNDERS OF WESTERN PONTIC CITIES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 October 2021

Krzysztof Nawotka Open the ORCID record for Krzysztof Nawotka [Opens in a new window]
Krzysztof Nawotka*
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University of Wrocław
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Abstract

The Greek cities of the western coast of the Black Sea knew both foundation myths and the phenomenon of the second foundation, associated with the rebuilding of civic life after the invasion of Burebista, the king of the Getae and Dacian tribes from 82 bce to 44 bce. In most foundation stories the ktistes is either a god (in the case of the city of Dionysopolis) or a hero (in the cases of the cities of Kallatis, Tomis and Anchialos), and the stories date mostly to the Antonine age. The story of Tomos of Tomis stands out owing to its wide acceptance among the local elite, while that of Melsas of Mesambria may have never gained official acceptance: it was created in the late Hellenistic age, probably reviving a Thracian tale of Melsas, perhaps a hero, known from early-third century bce coins. The Melsas story is a prime example of cultural transfers from the native population to Greek-majority Mesambria in the Hellenistic and early Roman ages.

Ιδρυτές των δυτικών ποντιακών πόλεων

Οι ελληνικές πόλεις της δυτικής ακτής του Εύξεινου Πόντου γνώριζαν τόσο τον ιδρυτικό μύθο όσο και το φαινόμενο της δεύτερης ίδρυσης που σχετιζόταν με την ανοικοδόμηση της πολιτικής ζωής μετά την εισβολή του Βυρεβίστα. Στις περισσότερες ιδρυτικές αφηγήσεις ο κτίστης είναι είτε θεός (Διονυσόπολις), είτε ήρωας (Καλλάτις, Τόμις, Αγχίαλος) και οι αφηγήσεις αυτές ανάγονται κυρίως στην εποχή των Αντωνίνων. Η αφήγηση για τον Τόμο από την πόλη Τόμις ξεχωρίζει από τις άλλες λόγω της ευρείας αποδοχής της στην ελίτ της τοπικής κοινωνίας. Αυτή για τον Μέλσα από την Μεσημβρία ίσως να μην έτυχε ποτέ επίσημης αποδοχής. Δημιουργήθηκε στην ύστερη ελληνιστική περίοδο αναζωογονώντας πιθανώς μια θρακική ιστορία του Μέλσα, ίσως ενός ήρωα, γνωστού από τα νομίσματα του πρώιμου 3ου αιώνα π.Χ. Η ιστορία του Μέλσα είναι εξαιρετικό παράδειγμα πολιτισμικών μεταβιβάσεων από τον ιθαγενή πληθυσμό προς την ελληνική πλειονότητα της Μεσημβρίας στην ελληνιστική και πρώιμη ρωμαϊκή περίοδο.

Μετάφραση: Małgorzata Eder-Dusza

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Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 116 , December 2021 , pp. 359 - 375
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Council, British School at Athens

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