Article contents
The Excavation of an Early Minoan Tholos Tomb at Ayia Kyriaki, Ayiofarango, Southern Crete
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 September 2013
Extract
This report is concerned with the excavation of an Early Minoan tholos tomb just south of Ayia Kyriaki in the Ayiofarango, one of the river systems which gives out on to the Libyan Sea, just west of Kaloi Limenes (fig. i). Details of the site location (plate ia) can be found in the report on the Ayiofarango survey, which, together with this report and one other already published, make up the complete report of work undertaken by the authors in the vicinity of Kaloi Limenes in the summers of 1971 and 1972. The excavation of the tholos, which was undertaken because there were surface indications that looting was incomplete but possibly to be resumed, took place in September 1972 in collaboration with Dr. C. Davaras of the Greek Archaeological Service. The excavation lasted for a period of three weeks, and was undertaken by a staff of three supervisors and ten workmen, directed by the authors.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1982
References
1 Blackman, D. and Branigan, K., BSA 72 (1977) 13–84.Google Scholar
2 Blackman, D. and Branigan, K., BSA 70 (1975) 17–36.Google Scholar
3 We are grateful to the Greek Archaeological Service and to Dr. S. Alexiou for facilitating the excavations, and to Dr. C. Davaras for his willing help and co-operation. Dr. I. Sakellarakis, who discovered the looted tomb in 1965, provided much useful information during discussions with him in 1972.
For financial assistance we are very grateful to the University of Bristol and the Expeditions Committee of the University. In particular, we are pleased to record the encouragement of the Vice-Chancellor, Dr. A. Merrison; of our head of Department, Professor J. M. Cook; and of Professor Peel and Mr. D. Ingle Smith of the Geography Department. We are also grateful to the British Academy, the University of Oxford, and the British School of Archaeology at Athens, for further financial assistance. The British School must also be thanked for supporting our application for a permit, for providing our staff with accommodation before and after the dig, and for generally assisting the organization of the expedition. Special thanks must go to Dr. H. Catling and Professor P. Warren in this respect, and to Andones Zidhianakes for considerable help in obtaining supplies in Iraklion. For the party's accommodation at Kaloi Limenes we are very much indebted to Mr. J. Vardiniyiannis.
The excavation was directed by David Blackman and Keith Branigan, with the assistance of three site supervisors: Miss P. Greenwood, Miss. P. Williams, and Mr. A. Freedman, all of the Department of Classics, University of Bristol. Miss R. Haigh also assisted on the site, and was responsible for the washing and preliminary sorting of the pottery excavated in October, 1971. Zacharias Spyridakis, Chief Guard at Phaistos, organized the workmen and assisted in many ways. We should also like to record the generosity of the University of Sheffield in providing a grant to cover the expenses of a draughtsman, and our thanks are due to Mr. G. Canvin for preparing the illustrations for publication.
4 Branigan, K., The Tombs of Mesara (1970) 107.Google Scholar
5 Blackman, and Branigan, , BSA 70 (1975) 17–20, fig. 2.Google Scholar
6 For use of the term ‘Salame ware’, see below, p. 29.
7 Warren, P., Minoan Stone Vases (1969) 45–6Google Scholar, type 21A.
8 Ibid. 38.
9 Ibid. 27–8.
10 Ibid. 78–9.
11 Ibid. 48–9.
12 Ibid. 49 and P288.
13 Ibid. 137.
14 Branigan, K., BSA 66 (1971) 65.Google Scholar
15 Ibid. 65–7.
16 Zervos, C., L'Art de la Crète (1956) pl. 103Google Scholar, 3, left.
17 Warren, P., Myrtos: An Early Bronze Age Settlement in Crete (BSA Supp. Vol. 7) (1972) 213, fig. 105.Google Scholar
18 Ibid. 222, fig. 106.
19 Ibid. 233.
20 Ibid. 235, fig. 102, n. 198.
21 Ibid. 236, fig. 103, n. 202.
22 e.g., Kalathiana: Xanthoudides, S., The Vaulted Tombs of Mesara (1924) pl. XLVI, 1351 and 1351a.Google Scholar
23 Torrence, R. in Davis, J. and Cherry, J. (eds.), Papers in Cycladic Prehistory (1979) 67–8Google Scholar, fig. 1. We should like to take this opportunity to thank Robin Torrence for discussing the obsidian corpus with us.
24 P. Warren, Myrtos fig. 99, nos. 149–51, 156.
25 Ibid. 228–9, fig. 100.
26 Ibid. 220–1, fig. 96, nos. 83–4.
27 Xanthoudides, op. cit. pl. XX, 4140, 4141.
28 S. Alexiou, ILN (6 Aug. 1980) figs. 9, 14.
29 Warren, Myrtos fig. 95, n. 5.
30 Savory, H., Spain and Portugual (1968) pl. 19.Google Scholar
31 Warren, Myrtos 217–18, fig. 107.
32 Warren, Myrtos 269–71.
33 Warren, Myrtos 269–71.
34 Hood, M. S. F., The Minoans (1971) 39.Google Scholar
35 Warren, Myrtos 269–71.
36 Vagnetti, L. and Belli, P., Studi miceni ed egeo-anatolici 19 (1978) 128.Google Scholar
37 Schachermeyr, F., Arch. Anzeiger 77 (1962) 105.Google Scholar
38 S. Alexiou, ILN (6 Aug. 1980) fig. 20.
39 A. Zoes, Ἔρευνα περὶ τῆς Μινωϊκῆς κεραμεικῆς (1967).
40 Warren, Myrtos 269 71.
41 Ibid. 93. It may be that we have different views on what constitutes evidence for burnishing.
42 Ibid. 94.
43 Branigan, K., The Tombs of Mesara (1970) 20.Google Scholar
44 Hall, E., Trans. Free Museum of Science and Art 1 (1905) 191–205.Google Scholar
45 Warren, Myrtos, table of surface decoration, types 3 and 11, p. 94. For comparative figures from Myrtos we combined the figures for Vasiliki and Pseudo-Vasiliki wares, since at Ayia Kyriaki we have not distinguished these two wares in our totals.
46 Warren, Myrtos 94.
47 Dr. Peacock and Professor Renfrew have recently begun a programme of analyses on prehistoric Aegean pottery.
48 D. Levi, Festos 1* (Incunabula Graeca 60)(1976) fig. 275, row 2, centre.
49 Xanthoudides, Vaulted Tombs pl. xxvib, nos. 4109, 4112, 4113, 4114. A. Zoes, op. cit., especially pls. 11–17.
50 Cf. Levi, figs. 252, 275, and 1* plates, pl. 12 b, g, h.
51 Blackman, and Branigan, , BSA 72 (1977) 24.Google Scholar
52 Branigan, K., The Tombs of Mesara (1970) 92.Google Scholar
53 Branigan, K., The Tombs of Mesara (1970) 38, 162–3.Google Scholar
54 Blackman, and Branigan, , BSA 72 (1977) 56–8, fig. 28.Google Scholar
55 Ibid. 39.
56 Branigan, K., The Tombs of Mesara (1970) 106–8.Google Scholar
57 Ibid. 108 9.
58 Ibid. 164–5.
59 Branigan, K., The Tombs of Mesara (1970) 92.Google Scholar
60 Ibid. 90–2.
61 Ibid. 93.
62 Ibid. 94 5.
63 Ibid. 98–100.
64 Ibid. 101.
65 Hood, M. S. F., ILN (22 Feb. 1958) 299.Google Scholar
66 Branigan, K., The Tombs of Mesara (1970) 106–8.Google Scholar
67 P. Warren, personal communication.
68 Xanthoudides, Vaulted Tombs pl. L, 6898, 6918–19; pl. XLII, 5687; pl. XXVII, 4127–8, 4283.
69 Blackman, and Branigan, , BSA 72 (1977) 40.Google Scholar
70 Branigan, K., The Tombs of Mesara (1970) 132 8.Google Scholar
71 Summarized, ibid. 128–31.
72 Blackman, and Branigan, , BSA 72 (1977) 65–72.Google Scholar
73 J. Bintliff, ibid. 83–4.
74 Bintliff, J., BSA 72 (1977) 28.Google Scholar
- 7
- Cited by