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THE CRETAN SLINGER AT WAR – A WEIGHTY EXCHANGE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 October 2012

Amanda Kelly
Amanda Kelly*
Affiliation:
National University of Ireland, Galway
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

Lead slingshots discovered on Cretan sites carry considerable weight regarding the nature of warfare on the island in the Late Classical and Hellenistic periods. On Crete, inscribed lead sling bullets have been reported from nine archaeological sites while a further inscribed slingshot, issued by the Phalasarnians, has been discovered on the neighbouring island of Antikythera.

Text on slingshots was conceived of, and cast as, an integral component of the weapon, thereby representing a fundamental aspect of the weapon's design. Slingshots bearing text are illuminating artefacts as not only can they reflect military action, leadership and civic affiliations, but they also raise questions regarding literacy levels within the forces and prompt debate concerning the psychological potential of such communications. It is the purpose of this paper to present the growing corpus of Cretan material against a wider backdrop of evidence, with a view to understanding the overarching role and purpose of such inscribed communications and to assess the degree of Cretan conformity with, or deviation from, broader military trends.

Ο Κρητικός σφενδονήτης στον πόλεμο – μία βαρυσήμαντη ανταλλαγή.

Οι μολύβδινες σφενδόνες που έχουν ανακαλυφθεί σε διάφορες θέσεις της Κρήτης έχουν ιδιαίτερη βαρύτητα για την κατανόηση της φύσης του πολέμου στο νησί κατά την ύστερη κλασική και ελληνιστική περίοδο. Στην Κρήτη ενεπίγραφες μολύβδινες σφενδόνες έχουν βρεθεί σε εννέα θέσεις, ενώ μία ακόμη ενεπίγραφη σφενδόνη, κοπή των Φαλασαρνίων, ανακαλύφθηκε στο γειτονικό νησί των Αντικυθήρων.

Το κείμενο στις σφενδόνες είχε συλληφθεί και φτιαχτεί στο καλούπι ως ένα αναπόσπαστο κομμάτι του όπλου. Για αυτόν το λόγο αποτελεί θεμελιώδες τμήμα του σχεδιασμού του. Οι σφενδόνες που φέρουν κείμενο στην επιφάνειά τους μπορούν να μας διαφωτίσουν για θέματα στρατιωτικής δράσης, ηγεσίας και σχέσεων μεταξύ των πόλεων, ενώ εγείρουν παράλληλα ερωτήματα ως προς το επίπεδο αλφαβητισμού μεταξύ των στρατιωτών και οδηγούν σε μία συζήτηση γύρω από την ψυχολογική δύναμη μιας τέτοιας επικοινωνίας στον πόλεμο. Σκοπός της παρούσας δημοσίευσης είναι να παρουσιάσει το συνεχώς αυξανόμενο σύνολο των Κρητικών μολύβδινων σφενδονών στο ευρύτερο πλαίσιο τους, σε μία προσπάθεια να τονιστεί ο πρωταρχικός ρόλος και η σημασία της ενεπίγραφης αυτής μορφής επικοινωνίας και να αξιολογηθεί ο βαθμός σύγκλισης ή απόκλισης των Κρητών από τις στρατιωτικές πρακτικές της εποχής.

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Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 107 , November 2012 , pp. 273 - 311
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Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2012

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