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Contributions to the History of Levant Currencies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2013

Extract

A find of French and Neapolitan mediaeval silver coins made recently in one of the southern Sporades, probably Kasos, attracted my attention in a jeweller's shop at Smyrna in the spring of 1912. In 1913 I found the same hoard with some additions in changed hands. I then managed to secure a representative selection and an analysis of the whole collection.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1913

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References

page 174 note 1 The Rhodian and Chian coins had been added in the interval. I had heard in 1912 of the appearance of some Chian gigliati which were exported to Europe separately, and have no doubt they formed part of the same find.

page 176 note 1 B.S.A. xvii. 151.

page 176 note 2 Ibid. 164.

page 176 note 3 A single specimen occurred in the Delphi find Δ (B.C.H. xxvi. (1897), 32 ff.).

page 176 note 4 Schlumberger, op. cit. Pl. IX. 16.

page 176 note 5 Here their commonness seems to be due mainly to the importation of a large hoard from Rhodes which passed through the hands of J. Lambros. But two gigliati of Charles II. occurred in the Delphi hoard Δ buried about 1340 (B.C.H. xxvi. 32 ff.).

page 177 note 1 Schlumberger, op. cit. 479 ff. Pl. XVIII. 13–16 incl.

page 177 note 2 First under Henri II. (1310–1324), probably through the medium of French types.

page 177 note 3 Langlois, (Num. de l'Arménie, i. Pl. I. 3)Google Scholar attributes a tahegan of this type, admittedly derived from the Neapolitan carlini, to Leo II. (1185–1218), but in view of the date of the Neapolitan archetype the piece must evidently be referred to one of the later kings of the same name.

page 177 note 4 Cagiati, , Mon. delle due Sicilie, i. 75Google Scholar, tipo F.

page 177 note 5 E.g. Pl. XV. 10. It may be compared with Schlumberger's Pl. XVIII. 17, 18, Pl. XXI. 17, and our Pl. XV. 12, a specimen bought in Smyrna, but not from the Kasos hoard.

page 177 note 6 Pl. XV. 9, though imitated from a gigliato with the Provençal titles, also seems to me undoubtedly the work of a European: for Neapolitan forgers of gigliati see Yver, , Commerce de l'Italie Méridionale, 55.Google Scholar

page 177 note 7 Those of Élion de Villeneuve have still the thin cross of the undoubtedly Neapolitan gigliati.

page 177 note 8 Cf. Pl. XV. 11, a specimen from the Rhodes find bought in Athens.

page 177 note 9 There is documentary evidence of their having been struck with the name of Robert at Tarascon as late as 1372 (Martinori in Cagiati, op. cit. Supp. iv. 35). Robert himself forbade the export of gigliati in 1333 (Yver, ob. cit. 55).

page 178 note 1 Rev. Ital. di Num. i. (1888), 2.

page 178 note 2 Heyd, , Commerce du Levant, ii. 482Google Scholar, ii. 23; for the relations of Naples with the Levant generally see Yver, op. cit. 137.

page 178 note 3 Bosio, ii. 238.

page 178 note 4 Ibid. 334.

page 178 note 5 Lacoste, , Anselme Adorne, 227Google Scholar; cf. also Yver, op. cit. 232.

page 178 note 6 To exports of coin during this crusade may be attributed the enormous preponderance of sequins bearing the name of Andrea Dandolo in the pseudo-Venetian series (B.S.A. xviii. 261).

page 178 note 7 They were unfamiliar to Mr. Lawson, of Smyrna, who has probably as long and wide an experience as anyone living of local finds: neither do they figure in the catalogue of the Borrell coin sale nor in Finlay's MS. list of his own coins, though both these collections contained specimens of the ordinary carlini. By a curious coincidence a coronato of the ‘crowned head’ type, evidently from its condition and appearance not from the Smyrna hoard, was seen by me this year at Constantinople.

page 179 note 1 Num. Or. Lat. 202 f., Pll. VII. 23, XIX. 10.

page 179 note 2 Sambon, in Riv. It. Num. 1891, 471Google Scholar; cf. ibid. 1893, 76.

page 179 note 3 Sambon, , Riv. It. Num. 1891, 473–4.Google Scholar

page 179 note 4 Cippico, Coriolano in Sathas, , Mon. Hist. Hell. vii. 265.Google Scholar Bosio (ii. 334) says sixteen Neapolitan ships attached to this fleet wintered at Rhodes in 1472.

page 179 note 5 Ed. Roxburgh Club, 1857, p. 3, etc.

page 179 note 6 The (printed) text punctuates with a comma after jouett (‘A gylote is worth a jouett, and halfe a jouett,’ etc.) which makes nonsense.

page 180 note 1 A figure is evidently omitted.

page 180 note 2 In Schlumberger, , Num. Or. Lat. 239 ff.Google Scholar

page 180 note 3 Schlumberger, op. cit.

page 181 note 1 Bertrandon de la Brocquière (1433), 324 (Bohn's ed.).

page 181 note 2 Schlumberger, op. cit. 181 (1469).

page 181 note 3 No half bezant is known.

page 181 note 4 Schlumberger (op. cit. 178) gives the value of the bezant as of the ducat.

page 181 note 5 So Grünemberg (1486) advises pilgrims to provide themselves with ‘Dukaten der Zeka’ and small change before leaving Venice (Ed. Goldfriedrich, 17). Santo Brasca (1480) gives similar directions: ‘it is necessary that the gold and silver money taken should be fresh from the Venetian mint, otherwise the Moors will not accept the coins even if they were ten grains over weight’ (ap. Newett, , Pilgrimage of Casola, 13Google Scholar).

page 181 note 6 See the valuable preface by M. Newett to her edition of Casola.