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An Early Helladic II Tomb by Lake Vouliagmeni, Perachora

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

Elis Hatzipouliou-Kalliri
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Abstract

A rock-cut tomb excavated in 1978 at the south-west end of Lake Vouliagmeni, Perachora, contained the remains of some ten skeletons, and a large quantity of EH II pottery. The best-preserved examples of the pottery are described, and parallels for them adduced. It is argued that the tomb is an ossuary rather than a simultaneous burial.

Type
Research Article
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 78 , November 1983 , pp. 369 - 375
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1983

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References

Acknowledgements. I would like to thank the Ephor Mrs. Krystalli for permission to publish the material. I would also like to thank Professor R. A. Tomlinson for his kind invitation to publish the article in the BSA and for reading and correcting my English manuscript. Finally, I am deeply grateful to the Ephor Dr. Demakopoulou for reading the text and making useful criticisms and her unfailing assistance. Photographs are due to Miss Ino Ioannidou.

Abbreviations. The following abbreviations are employed in addition to those in standard use:

Alt-Ägina Walter, H. and Felten, F., Alt-Ägina, III, 1.Google ScholarDie vorgeschichtliche Stadt (1981).

Anatolia French, D., ‘Anatolia and the Aegean in the Third Millennium B.C.’ (Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge 1968).Google Scholar

Buchholz-Karageorgis Buchholz, H. and Karageorgis, V., Prehistoric Greece and Cyprus. An Archaeological Handbook (London 1973).Google Scholar

CAH 3Caskey, J. L., ‘Greece, Crete, and the Islands in the Early Bronze Age’ in Cambridge Ancient History I 2(3rd edn. 1979).Google Scholar

Donovan Donovan, W. P., ‘A Study of Early Helladic Pottery with Painted Decoration’ (Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Cincinnati 1961).Google Scholar

Emergence Renfrew, C., The Emergence of Civilisation. The Cyclades and the Aegean in the Third Millennium B.C. (London 1972).Google Scholar

Eutresis Goldman, H., Excavations at Eutresis in Boeotia (Cambridge, Mass., 1931)Google Scholar

Hanschmann Hanschmann, E. and VI. Milojčić, , Die deutschen Ausgrabungen auf der Argissa Magula in Thessalien, III. Die frühe und beginnende Mittlere Bronzezeit (Bonn 1976).Google Scholar

Sakellariou Faraklas Sakellariou, M. and Faraklas, N., Corinthia—Cleonaea (Athens Technological Centre 1971).Google Scholar

Tiryns VI Siedentopf, H., Frühelladische Keramik aus der Unterburg von Tiryns (1973).Google Scholar

Zygouries Blegen, C. W., Zygouries. A Prehistoric Settlement in the Valley of Cleonai (Cambridge, Mass., 1928).Google Scholar

1 Fossey, J. M., ‘The Prehistoric Settlement by Lake Vouliagmeni, Perakhora’, BSA 64 (1969) 53–69Google Scholar; id., ‘Perakhora’, 1972. Excavations at the Early Helladic Settlement by Lake Vouliagmeni', A Delt 28 2 (1973) 149–51.

2 Eutresis 113 fig. 151. 3.

3 Alt-Ägina Taf. 82 115. viii.

4 For the EH II painted pottery see Donovan 5–19 (especially the distribution), Hesperia 29 (1960) 292, Tiryns IV 14, Anatolia 65.

5 Hesperia 29 (1960) pl. 51. viii. 28.

6 For jugs with cut-away necks see Lamb, W., Excavations at Thermi in Lesbos (Cambridge 1936) pl. xiiGoogle Scholar (EH I), Blegan, C. W.et al., Troy. Excavations Conducted by the University of Cincinnati i (Princeton 1950 pl. 387.Google Scholar

7 For definition see Hesperia 29 (1960) 165 n. 33.

8 Cf. AE 1953–4 (1961) fig. 12 more probably EH II than EH III; Hesperia 27 (1958) pl. 35b; Hesperia 29 (1960) pl. 50. viii. 14.

9 Cf. Hesperia 41 (1972) 368 pl. 79 B69.

10 For the shape in the EH II period see Buchholz-Karageorgis 65 no. 824.

11 Cf. Hesperia 29 (1960) 291 fig. 1, type I.

12 Cf. ibid, type III; Zygouries figs. 79.28, 66.255, 78.226, pl. ix. 1; Mylonas, G. E., Agios Kosmas: An Early Bronze Age Settlement and Cemetery in Attica (Princeton 1959) figs. 135. 44, 129.35, 133.23Google Scholar; Blegen, C. W., Korakou, a Prehistoric Settlement near Corinth (Boston and New York 1921) figs. 4 and 6Google Scholar; Alt-Ägina Taf. 80 91.vii, 82 113. viii.

13 Cf. Hesperia 29 (1960) 291 fig. 1 type. II.

14 Zygouries figs. 80.320, 95.363.

15 For definition see Rutter, J., Ceramic Change in the Aegean Bronze Age (Occasional Paper 5, Insitute of Archaeology of California) 18Google Scholar; Buchholz Karageorgis 65, no. 823.

16 This not unknown in later periods. Cf. Σπ. Ιακωβίδη Περατή B1 209.

17 Αρχείον Ευβοϊκών Μελετών 6 (1959) 297 εικ. 17, 298 εικ 17a.

18 Cf. Immerwahr, S., The Athenian Agora, XIII. The Neolithic and Bronze Ages (Princeton 1971) 70 no. 240.Google Scholar

19 Cf. Hesperia 29 (1960) 291 fig. 1, types B and D.

20 See above n. 1.

21 See Sakellariou-Faraklas figs. 12 and 12b.

22 BSA 64 (1969) 53–69.

23 ADelt 28 2 (1973) 151.

24 For references and bibliography see Wiseman, J., The Land of the Ancient Corinthians (SIMA, Göteborg 1978) 37, 43 nn. 141–2Google Scholar; Simpson, R. Hope and Dickinson, O. T. P. K., A Gazetteer of Aegean Civilization in the Bronze Age, Vol. I. The Mainland and the Islands (1979) 72 A 89.Google Scholar

25 BSA 64 (1969) 234 n. III. I had the opportunity to examine the vases found in the tomb. These are: four saucers, two jugs, two dishes, and one pyxis. They all are very similar to the vases of our tomb, and are therefore dated to the same period.

26 For EH II burial customs and graves see Anatolia 96; Emergence 110; Frödin, O. and Persson, A., Asine, Results of the Swedish Excavations 1922–1930 (Stockholm 1938) 341Google Scholar; Howell, R., ‘The Origins of the Middle Helladic Culture’ in Crossland, and Birchall, A. (eds.), Bronze Age Migrations in the Aegean (London 1973) 79.Google Scholar

27 Zrgouries 42–55.

28 Op. cit. (n. 12) 74.

29 See also Doumas, Chr., Early Bronze Age Burial Habits in the Cyclades (SIMA, Göteborg 1977) 66.Google Scholar

30 AJA 38 (1934) 277.

31 AAA 3 (1970) 350 fig. 3.

32 CAH 3 774; Buchholz-Karageorgis 65 no. 824; Hesperia 29 (1960) 291 fig. 1; AJA 71 (1967) pl. 12.

33 Hesperia (1960) 291 fig. 1.

34 Ibid. 165, 290, 300–1; Hesperia 27 (1958) 144; Wünsche, R., Studien zur äginetischen Keramik der frühen und mittleren Bronzezeit (München 1977) 22–3.Google Scholar

35 Cf. Zeryos, Chr., L'Art des Cyclades (Paris 1957) fig. 177.Google Scholar

36 Renfrew, C., ‘The Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Cultures of the Cyclades and their External Relations’ (Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge 1965) 104Google Scholar; Hesperia 29 (1960) 292.

37 Cf. Donovan 109 motifs E1 and E2.

38 Op. cit. 119.

39 Hesperia 27 (1958) 144; Sakellariou-Faraklas 31; Renfrew, op. cit. 115; Emergence 204; CAH 3 773, 784, 797; Hanschmann 158 n. 495.

40 Cf. Hesperia 29 (1960) pl. 51.

41 Hanschmann 183.

42 Hesperia 29 (1960) 291 fig. 1.

43 Cf. Hanschmann, Beil. 30. 28.

44 Cf. Tiryns VI fig. 2.

45 Ibid. 3.

46 Cf. Zygouries fig. 109.

47 AE 1898, 182–3; Zygouries 117, 217; Eutresis fig. III; Edgar, et al., Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos in JHS Supplementary Paper no. 4 (London 1904) pl. vi no. 94.Google Scholar

48 Cf. also Hanschmann, Beil. 30.5.

49 Hesperia 29 (1960) 290 and n. 10; ADelt 17 (1961–2) Mel. pl. 49b.

50 Hesperia 29 (1960) 290.

51 Ibid. 290 n. 11.

52 Topic must be treated in Fahy, L., ‘The Early Helladic Sauceboat’ (Unpublished M.A. thesis, Univ. of Cincinnati 1962).Google Scholar Unfortunately I have not been able to consult this.

53 Hesperia 29 (1960) 290.

54 Hesperia 24 (1955) 145.

55 Hesperia 29 (1960) 165, 292; Hanschmann 159.

56 Cf. AE 1898 pl. 9.34; 1899 pls. 8.12, 9.20, 9.22.

57 See above p. 000.

58 BSA 26 (1923–5) 44 n. 3.

59 Cf. Trojan shapes B1 and B17, Troy I pl. 370a.

60 Cf. Bernabo-Brea, L., Poliochni II 1–2 (Roma 1976) tav. ccviii.Google Scholar

61 Attas, M., Yaffe, L., and Fossey, J. M., ‘Neutron Activation Analysis of Early Bronze Age Pottery from Lake Vouliagmeni, Perachora, Central Greece’, Archaeometry 19 (1977) 33–43 esp. 42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

62 Hanschmann 183; BSA 61 (1966) 89.