Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T07:03:45.011Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Survey of Eastern Arcadia in Prehistory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2013

R. Howell
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The material for the present study was collected during 1963 and 1964, on various expeditions to eastern Arcadia. My original intention was to survey the whole province with regard to its prehistoric occupation; this, however, proved too great a task in the time available, and I was able to cover little more than the highland plains around the Classical cities of Tegea, Mantinea, and Orchomenos. The following work will therefore be mainly concerned with that area, which constitutes eastern Arcadia, although I have also listed the evidence for prehistoric habitation over the remainder of the province as well. I have taken the province to cover the area as described by Pausanias, rather than the present-day administrative unit. This is not an exhaustive survey, even of the area most intensively covered; rather it should be seen as a preliminary work, which will, it is hoped, stimulate interest in further field-work and perhaps excavation in this neglected area of the Peloponnese.

Type
Research Article
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 65 , November 1970 , pp. 79 - 127
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 1970

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acknowledgements

I should like to thank Professor R. Hope Simpson, on whose advice this survey was undertaken, for his encouragement; and Miss Bente Magnus for her drawings of the stone tools. I should also like to thank all the many Arcadians, too many, alas, to mention all by name here, who kindly helped me and provided me with invaluable information, and whose warm hospitality I enjoyed during my stay in their province.

1 The main works referring to Arcadia are:

Pouqueville, F. C. H. L., Travels in the Morea, Albania and other parts of the Ottoman Empire (London, 1813)Google Scholar, and Voyage dans la Grèce v (Paris, 1827).Google Scholar

Gell, W., Itinerary of the Morea (London, 1817)Google Scholar, and Narrative of a Journey in the Morea (London, 1823).

Dodwell, E., A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece during the years 1801, 1805 and 1806 ii (London, 1819).Google Scholar

Leake, W. M., Travels in the Morea i, ii, iii (London, 1830)Google Scholar, and Peloponnesiaca (London, 1846).

Blouet, A., Expédition scientifique de Morée: Architecture, Sculptures, Inscriptions et Vues du Péloponnèse, des Cyclades et de l'Attique i, ii, iii (Paris, 1831–1838).Google Scholar

Boblaye, M. E.Puillon, Recherches géographiques sur les Ruines de la Morée (Paris, 1835).Google Scholar

de Saint-Vincent, M. Bory, Expédition scientifique de Morée: section des Sciences Physiques i (Paris, 1836).Google Scholar

Ross, L., Reisen im Peloponnes (Berlin, 1841)Google Scholar, and Wanderungen in Griechenland i (Halle, 1851).

Curtius, E., Peloponnesos, eine historisch–geographische Beschreibung der Halbinsel i (Gotha, 1851–1852).Google Scholar

Schwab, C. T., Arkadien (Stuttgart–Tubingen, 1852).Google Scholar

Rangabé, A. R., Souvenirs d'une Excursion d'Athènes en Arcadie: mémoires présentés par divers Savants à l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres 1-ère série, Tome V (Paris, 1857).Google Scholar

Conze, A. and Michaelis, A., ‘Rapporto d'un viaggio fatto nella Grecia nel 1860’, Annali dell'Istituto xxxiii (1861) 5–90.Google Scholar

Bursian, C., Geographie von Griechenland ii (Leipzig, 1862).Google Scholar

Loring, W., ‘Some Ancient Routes in the Peloponnese’, JHS xv (1895) 25–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Frazer, J., Pausanias's Description of Greece iv (London, 1898).Google Scholar

2 Milchhoefer, A., Die Anfänge der Kunst in Griechenland 54 f.Google Scholar

3 Fougères, G., BCH xi (1887) 490.Google Scholar

4 Childe, G., JHS xliv (1924) 163 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

5 Romaios, K., Αθηνᾶ xiv (1902) 9Google Scholar; Πελοποννησκά ii (1957) 10; Μικρὰ Μελετήματα, 170.

6 Tsountas, Kh., AE 1901, 85–90.Google Scholar

7 Mendel, G., BCH xxv (1901) 256Google Scholar; C. Dugas, ibid. xlv (1921) 339, 395, 403, 424.

8 C. Dugas, op. cit. 403; Fimmen, D., Die Kretisch—Mykenische Kultur, 10Google Scholar; Waterhouse, H. and Simpson, R. Hope, BSA lvi (1961) 130Google Scholar; Romaios, K., Μικρὰ Μελετήματα, 171.Google Scholar

9 Blegen, C. W., AJA xxxii (1928) 533 f.Google Scholar; ‘Gonia’, Metropolitan Museum Studies iii part 1 (1930) 55 ff.; frequent analogies to the pottery from Ayioryitika are also made in C. W. Blegen, Prosymna.

10 Holmberg, E. J., Göteborgs Högskolas Årsskrift xlv (1939) 3 ff.Google Scholar; The Swedish Excavations at Asea in Arcadia.

11 Romaios, K., PAE 1954, 270 ff.Google Scholar; 1956, 185 f.; 1957, 110 f.; Ergon 1954, 38 f.; 1956, 81 ff.; 1957 66 ff.

12 Khristou, Kh., BCH lxxxii (1958) 717.Google Scholar

13 Protonotariou-Dheilaki, E., ADelt. xx (1965) Chronika 158 f.Google Scholar

14 Karayiorga, Th., ADelt. xviii (1963) Chronika 88 f.Google Scholar

15 For the best geographical description of the various regions of Arcadia see Philippson, A., Die Griechischen Landschaften iii, parts i and 2.Google Scholar The descriptions of the east Arcadian plains used here are based on volume iii part 1, 234–64.

16 Weinberg, S. S., ‘The Stone Age in the Aegean’ CAH i, ch. x (revised edition, fascicle 36).Google Scholar

17 Ibid. 26 f.

18 Ibid. 27.

19 Blegen, C. W., AJA xxxii (1928) 533 f.Google Scholar; Prosymna i. 28; and S. S. Weinberg, op. cit., 28 ff.

20 Ibid. 37 ff.

21 Ibid. 37 f.

22 Blegen, C. W., AJA xxxii (1928) 534.Google Scholar

23 Ibid.

24 Holmberg, E. J., The Swedish Excavation at Asea in Arcadia 7 f.Google Scholar

25 Fürst, C. M., ‘Über einen neolithischen Schädel aus Arkadien’, Lands UniversitetsÅrsskrift, N.F. Avd. 2 Bd. 28 no. 13 (Lund, 1932) 3 ff.Google Scholar

26 C. W. Blegen, loc. cit.

27 E. J. Holmberg, op. cit. 114–30.

28 S. S. Weinberg, op. cit. 44–51.

29 Blegen, C. W., Prosymna i. 372Google Scholar; ii, figs. 626, 632, 634.

30 Mastrokostas, E., ADelt. xxii (1967) Chronika 216 and pl. 155Google Scholar; Athens Annals of Archeology i (1968) 138.

31 Dhimakopoulou, K., ADelt. xxii (1967) Chronika 203.Google Scholar

32 E. J. Holmberg, op. cit. 7.

33 Caskey, J. L. and Caskey, E. G., Hesperia xxix (1960) 142 and fig. 4, iii. 13–14.Google Scholar

34 Blegen, C. W., ‘Gonia’, Metropolitan Museum Studies iii, part 1 (1930) 63, fig. 12.Google Scholar

35 Wace, A. J. and Blegen, C. W., BSA xxii (1916–1918) 175 ff.Google Scholar

36 Blegen, C. W., Korakou 4–6, 14Google Scholar; Zygouries 76–8.

37 J. L. and E. G. Caskey, loc. cit. 162 ff.

38 Theokharis, D., PAE 1951, 99–116.Google Scholar

39 E. J. Holmberg, op. cit. 61.

40 Similar sherds occur in Kythera Deposit α (Kastraki): to be published in 1971.

41 For a similar head from Bulgaria, where such headsare common in the Chalcolithic period, see Bulletin de l'Institut Archéologique bulgare viii (1934) fig. 129 no. 1.

42 E. J. Holmberg, op. cit. 8–12.

43 Blegen, C. W., AJA xxxii (1928) 534.Google Scholar

44 Blegen, C. W., Zygouries 107 f and fig. 94Google Scholar; J. L. and E. G. Caskey, op. cit. 164.

45 A similar pattern of very small Early Helladic hamlet sites was found by R. Hope Simpson in Elaphonisi, Laconia; see Waterhouse, H. and Simpson, R. Hope, BSA lvi (1961) 146 ff.Google Scholar

46 Protonotariou-Dheïlaki, E., ADelt. xx (1965) Chronika 159.Google Scholar

47 E. J. Holmberg, op. cit. 12–20.

48 E. Protonotariou-Dheïlaki, op. cit. 159.

49 E. J. Holmberg, op. cit. 21 ff.

50 Ibid.

51 H. Waterhouse and R. Hope Simpson, op. cit. 125.

52 Libertini, G., Ann. i–ii, nuova serie (1939–1940) 227.Google Scholar

43 E. J. Holmberg, op. cit. 21 ff.

54 Ibid. 22.

55 See Ålin, P., Das Ende der Mykenischen Fundstätten auf dem griechischen Festland 73–5Google Scholar; Simpson, R. Hope, A Gazetteer and Atlas of Mycenaean Sites 37–41Google Scholar.

56 P. Ålin, op. cit. 74.

57 E. J. Holmberg, op. cit. 110.

58 P. Ålin, op. cit. 74.

59 H. Waterhouse and R. Hope Simpson, op. cit. 130, n. 119.

60 P. Ålin, op. cit. 74.

61 E. Protonotariou, op. cit. 159.

62 E. J. Holmberg, op.cit. 20.

63 Romaios, K., PAE 1954 270 ff.Google Scholar

64 Ibid. 275 ff.

65 Romaios, K., PAE 1956, 185 f.Google Scholar; 1957, 111.

66 P. Ålin, op. cit. 74.

67 Romaios, K., PAE 1956, 185.Google Scholar

68 H. Waterhouse and R. Hope Simpson, op. cit. 130; Fimmen, D., Die Kretisch–Mykenische Kultur 10.Google Scholar

69 Romaios, K., Μικρὰ Μελετήματα 171.Google Scholar

70 H. Waterhouse and R. Hope Simpson, op. cit. 130.

71 Charneux, P. and Ginouvès, R., BCH lxxx (1956) 535 f.Google Scholar

72 Daux, G., BCH lxxxii (1958) 717.Google Scholar

73 Dhimakopoulou, K., Athens Annals of Archaeology ii (1969) 226 ff.Google Scholar

74 Romaios, K., PAE 1956, 185.Google Scholar

75 E. J. Holmberg, op. cit. 21.

76 Ibid.

77 P. Charneux and R. Ginouvès, op. cit. 537.

78 K. Dhimakopoulou, op. cit. 226 ff.

79 Romaios, K., PAE 1956, 185.Google Scholar

80 Romaios, K., PAE 1954, 283.Google Scholar

81 Simpson, R. Hope, A Gazetteer and Atlas of Mycenaean Sites 38–40, nos. 84, 87, 88.Google Scholar

82 Daux, G., BCH lxxxii (1958) 717.Google Scholar

83 Desborough, V. R.d'A., The Last Mycenaeans and their Successors 87.Google Scholar

84 H. Waterhouse and R. Hope Simpson, op. cit. 130, n. 119.

85 Daux, G., BCH lxxxii (1958) 717.Google Scholar

86 Coldstream, J. N., Greek Geometric Pottery 364, n. 2.Google Scholar

87 Blum, G. and Plassart, A., BCH xxxviii (1914) 81.Google Scholar

88 Karayiorga, Th., ADelt. xviii (1963) Chronika 88Google Scholar; Daux, G., BCH lxxxvii (1963) 766.Google Scholar

89 Mendel, E., BCH xxv (1901) 256 f.Google Scholar; Dugas, C., BCH xlv (1921) 335 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

90 Romaios, K., PAE 1907, 121Google Scholar; AE 1952, 26 ff.; Μικρὰ Μελετήματα 66 ff.

91 Romaios, K., PAE 1954, 273.Google Scholar

92 Reichel, W. and Wilhelm, A., Jahreshefte des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes in Wien iv (1901) 48 ff.Google Scholar, and Mastrokostas, E., ADelt. xvii (1961–1962) Chronika 132.Google Scholar

93 Courbin, P., BCH lxxvi (1952) 245.Google Scholar

94 Coldstream, J. N., Greek Geometric Pottery 364Google Scholar, n. 2; Holmberg, E. J., The Swedish Excavations at Asea in Arcadia, fig. 110a–b.Google Scholar

95 Daux, G., BCH lxxxiv (1960) 693Google Scholar; Hood, M.S.F., Archaeological Reports 1959–60 10.Google Scholar