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STOPPERS, TRANSPORT STIRRUP JARS AND WINE TRANSPORT, 1450–1150 bc

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 September 2019

Trevor Van Damme
Trevor Van Damme*
Affiliation:
University of Victoria
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

This paper examines Late Bronze Age chipped ceramic and stone discs known most commonly as stoppers. Stoppers are distinguished from other classes of archaeological finds, including pierced discs and lids. Although it has long been known that stoppers could play a role in sealing ceramic vessels, recent scholarship has preferred to see them as multifunctional. For this article, 158 stoppers and 100 spout apertures from transport stirrup jar spouts found in secure Late Bronze Age III contexts have been studied. The results demonstrate a strong correlation in the apertures of transport stirrup jar spouts and the maximum diameter of stoppers that points to a meaningful relationship between the two. As the primary transport container of the Late Bronze Age, transport stirrup jars required careful sealing in order to allow their contents to transit without spilling or spoiling. There were many possible sealing configurations, however, and indeed this paper demonstrates some support for independent Mycenaean and Minoan traditions. A comparison with sealing traditions throughout the eastern Mediterranean reveals that the stopper method of sealing endured or reoccurred for thousands of years for the storage and transport of a specific commodity – wine. I conclude with the case study of stopper distributions at ancient Eleon, Boeotia, in order to show that a contextualised study of stoppers and stoppering activities in domestic structures has much to contribute to the study of social processes and domestic consumption practices.

Πώματα, ψευδόστομοι αμφορείς και μεταφορά του οίνου, 1450–1150 π.Χ.

Η παρούσα εργασία εξετάζει τα αποκεκρουσμένα κεραμικά και λίθινα δισκάρια της Ύστερης Εποχής του Χαλκού, τα οποία είναι γνωστά ως πώματα. Τα πώματα διαφοροποιούνται από άλλες κατηγορίες αρχαιολογικών ευρημάτων, όπως τα όστρακα διαμορφωμένα σε σφονδύλια και τα καπάκια. Αν και είναι προ πολλού γνωστό ότι τα πώματα θα μπορούσαν να χρησιμεύουν στη σφράγιση κεραμικών σκευών, πρόσφατες έρευνες προτιμούν να τα θεωρούν πολύ-λειτουργικά. Για τους σκοπούς αυτού του άρθρου μελετήθηκαν 158 πώματα και 100 ανοίγματα στομίου ψευδόστομων αμφορέων, από ασφαλώς χρονολογημένα σύνολα της Ύστερης Εποχής του Χαλκού III. Τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης δείχνουν σαφή και ισχυρή συσχέτιση ανάμεσα στο εύρος του στομίου των ψευδόστομων αμφορέων και στη μέγιστη διάμετρο των πωμάτων, γεγονός που υποδεικνύει σημαντική σχέση μεταξύ των δύο. Το κύριο δοχείο μεταφοράς στην Ύστερης Εποχής του Χαλκού, οι ψευδόστομοι αμφορείς χρειάζονταν προσεκτική σφράγιση ώστε το περιεχόμενό τους να διοχετεύεται χωρίς να χυθεί ή να χαλάσει. Ωστόσο, υπήρχαν πιθανώς πολλοί διαφορετικοί τρόποι σφράγισης και η παρούσα εργασία προσφέρει όντως στοιχεία που υποστηρίζουν την ύπαρξη ανεξάρτητων μυκηναϊκών και μινωικών παραδόσεων. Η σύγκριση με τις παραδεδομένες μεθόδους σφράγισης σε όλη την ανατολική Μεσόγειο αποκαλύπτει ότι η μέθοδος του πωματισμού για την αποθήκευση και τη μεταφορά ενός συγκεκριμένου αγαθού, του οίνου, άντεξε στο χρόνο ή επανεμφανίστηκε κατά διαστήματα για χιλιετίες. Καταλήγω με το παράδειγμα της κατανομής των πωμάτων στον αρχαίο Ελεώνα της Βοιωτίας, για να δείξω ότι η μελέτη των πωμάτων και πωματισμών στα συμφραζόμενά τους εντός των κτισμάτων του οικισμού μπορεί να συμβάλει σημαντικά στην έρευνα των κοινωνικών διαδικασιών και των εγχώριων πρακτικών κατανάλωσης.

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Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 114 , November 2019 , pp. 93 - 117
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Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2019 

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