Acknowledgements. I particularly thank Professor Vasilis K. Lambrinoudakis for his generous help and his advice throughout the course of all my work, but also for his valuable suggestions in connection with the texts presented here. Thanks go likewise to the members of the First Ephoreia of Prehistoric and Classical Archaeology, in particular to the director, Dr Evi Touloupa, for permission to publish the inscriptions of Keos. I thank Professors Roland Etienne, David Lewis, George Rougemont, and Mr Peter Fraser and also Mr Angelos Matthaiou for the time they devoted to discussing with me the various problems of these inscriptions and for their suggestions. The article was prepared for the most part during my stay in Oxford as Bursar of the British School of Archaeology at Athens. I thank especially the Director of the School, Dr Hector Catling and the members of the Selection Committee. I am also grateful to Dr M. Ervin-Caskey who read this paper and trimmed my English. All errors, of course, are my own.

¹ loulis, : IG XII 5, 534–596A–602–603–1102Google Scholar and SEC XIV, 1957, 533; Poieessa, : IG XII 5, 570A–571Google Scholar; Koressia, : SEG XIV, 1957, 541.Google Scholar

² IG XII 5, 528–532–534–536–537–538–539–540–569–601–1061–1062–1064 II–1066 and SEG XIV, 1957, 534.

³ LSJ 9, s.v. ἒχω.

⁴ LSJ 9, s.v. ὡς.

⁵ a. Plutarch, 249 D. For further comments on this text, see Welter, G., ‘Ἀϱιστείδης νομοθήτης τής Κέω’, AE 1953–1954 (1961), 157–166.Google Scholar What seems in our inscription to be counter to the text of Plutarch, is probably derived from the local stipulations, εἰς ἱερὰ δημόσια and [ϰατὰ or ἀνά] τὴν νῆσον correspondingly, b. Athenaeus XIII, 566e

⁶ Heschychius, Lexicon, s.v. τάς ζημίας ἐν λευϰώματι ἐξετίθεσαν Harpocrationis, , lexicon in decem oratores Atticos ex recensione, ed. Dindorf, G., Groningen 1969, σ 228, 16–17Google Scholar: Οτι χιλίας ἐζημιοῦντο σἱ ϰατὰ τὰς ὁδοὺς ἀϰοσμοῦσαι γυναῖϰες‘Yπερείδης ἐν τω̨̃ ϰατ’᾿Αρισταγόρας β´ εἴρηϰεν.

⁷ According to the legislation of Zaleukos, γυναιϰὶ ἐλευθέρα. . .μηδὲ ἐξιέναι νυϰτός ἐϰ τῆς πόλεως Diodoros XII.21. Solon of Athens, ἐπέστησε δὲ ϰαὶ τοῖς ἐξόδοις τῶν γυναιϰῶν. . .ἐξιέναι μὲν ἱματίων τριῶν μὴ πλέον ἔχουσαν ϰελεύσας, μηδὲ βρωτὸν ἢ ποτον πλείονα ἢ ὀβολοῦ φερομένην, μηδὲ ϰάνητα πηχυαίου μείζονα, μηδὲ νύϰτωρ πορεύεσθαι πλὴν ἁμάξη̨ ϰομιζομένην λύχνου ροφαίνοντος, Plutarch, Solon XXI.4. At Syracuse according to Phylarchos, ϰαὶ τὴν ἐλευθέραν μὴ ἐϰπορεύεσθαι ἡλίου δεδυϰότος, ἐάν μὴ μοιχευθησομένην̇ ἐϰωλύετο δὲ ϰαὶ ἡμέδας ἐξιέναι ἄνευ τῶν γυναιϰονόμων ἀϰολουθούσης αὐτῆ̨ μιᾶς θεραπαινίδος, Athenaeus, XII.521 b.

⁸ Demosthenes, XVIII 241, Polybius IV, 16.8–9. See likewise Ormcrod, H.A., Piracy in the Ancient World,²Liverpool 1978, 139–142Google Scholar; Durrbach, F., Choix d'Inscriptions de Delos.I. Textes historiques, Paris 1921–1923, 47–49, no. 41Google Scholar; Pouilloux, J., La forteresse de Rhamnonte, Paris 1954, 65Google Scholar; Ducrey, P., ‘Les Cyclades à l'époque Hellenistique: la piraterie, symptome d'un malaise économique et social’, Cyclades, Table ronde réunie à l'Université de Dijon, Paris 1983, 143–148.Google Scholar

⁹ SIG ³ 520 and 521.

¹⁰ M.N. Tod, GHI no. 142.

¹¹ Maier, F.G., Griechische Mauerbauinschriften, Heidelberg 1959, 157Google Scholar, no. 37, and idem. ‘Stadtmauern auf Keos’, AM 73, 1958, 15–16.

¹² Graindor, P., ‘Fouilles de Karthaia’, BCH 30, 1906, 95–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar, no. 18 and IG XII 5, 1061. With this decree the Karthaians honour Hieron, Epistates of Arsinoe because . . ἀποβαλόντος ᾿Επιτέλους τὰ ἐϰ τῆς οἰϰὶας τῆς ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀγροῦ πᾶ|σαν σπουδὴν ϰαὶ ἐπιμέλειαν πεποίηται ϰαὶ ἀνασεσώιϰεν. Notable is the use of the verb ἀνασὼζω which is applied chiefly to the rescuing of humans rather than of goods, see J. Pouilloux, op. cit. 129–132, no. 15.24; Petrakos, V., ‘Νέαι πηγαί πεϱύ Χϱεμωνιδείου πολέμου’, A Delt. 22a, 1967, 38–52.Google Scholar

¹³ IG XII 5, 526–257–532–539. See also Benecke, H., Die Seepolitik der Aitolier, Hamburg 1934, especially 17–31Google Scholar; Gauthier, P., Symbola, Les étrangers et la justice dans les cites grecques, Nancy 1972, 248–265Google Scholar; Scholten, J.B., Aetolian Foreign Relations during the Era of Expansion, ca. 300–217 B.C. University of California, Berkeley 1987, 187–191.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Merker, I.L., ‘The Ptolemaic Officials and the League of the Islanders’, Historia 19.2, 1970, 141–160.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Callimachus, Epigrammata VI and Athenaeus VII 318c.

¹⁶ IG XII 5. 1061–1065–1066 SEG XIV, 1957, 543 IG XII 3, 320.

¹⁷ Caskey, J.L., ‘Koroni and Keos’, Hesperia Suppl. 19, 1981, 14–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar Coins of Ptolemy I Soter and lead sling-shot like that from Helioupolis in Attica, datable to the Chremonidean War (see Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou, E., ‘Συμβολέ είς τόν Χϱεμωνίδειον πόλεμον 266/5–263/2 π.Χ.’, AE 1955, 332–334)Google Scholar have been found during the recent excavation (1985–1986) carried out by the University of Athens with the collaboration of the Ephoreias of the Acropolis and the Cyclades, and the Architekturefäret DAI Berlin in the Mouzakis plot ‘intra muros’ at Koressia (see Zapheiropoulou, Ph., A Delt. 27, B2, 1967Google Scholar (Chronika) 606–611.

¹⁸ Aeschines, ᾿Επιστολή A (=πρός Φιλοϰράην) Cicero, ad Atticum V 12 Naval Intelligence division. Geographical handbook series, Greece III, ‘The Eparchy of Kea’, August 1945, 445.

¹⁹ For the renaming of Koressia as Arsinoe, see Daux, G., ‘Notes de lecture’, BCH 81, 1957, 393–395CrossRefGoogle ScholarRobert, L., ‘Arsinoe de Keos’, Hellenica 11–12, 1960, 145–156.Google Scholar G. Longega, Arsinoe II, Roma 1968,118.

²⁰ Launey, M., ‘L'exécution de Sotadès et l'expédition de Patroklos dans la mer Egée’, REA 47, 1945, 33–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar and especially for Keos, IG XII 5, 1061.

²¹ IG XII 5, 1061–1065–1066. Dunant, Chr.-Thomopoulos, J., ‘Inscriptions de Céos’, BCH 78, 1954, 336–338, no. 13.Google Scholar

²² IG XII 5, 597.

²³ I thank Mr Andreas Theodorakis who has permitted me to study the inscription. Special thanks are owing to the Guard of Antiquities Mr Lefteris Lepouras whose information led to the locating of the inscription.

²⁴ As an example see, Matthaiou, A.P., ‘Τό ταξίδι μιᾶς πέτϱας’, Horos 4, 1986, 79–83.Google Scholar

²⁵ Ioulis: IG XII 5, 595A–1102 and SEG XIV, 1957, 534 Poieessa: IG XII 5, 568–570A. See also, Pounder, R.L., The Origin and Meaning of θεοί in Greek Inscription Heading, Brown University 1975 (Xerox University Microfilms).Google Scholar

²⁶ See note 3.

²⁷ Meisterhans, K.-Schwyzer, E., Grammatik der attischen Inschriften, Berlin 1900 (repr. Hildesheim 1971³), 38–39. 8–9.Google ScholarBuck, C.D., Introduction to the study of Greek Dialects, 1928, 39.Google ScholarLejeune, M., Traité de Phonetique grecque, Paris 1947, 196, 200.Google Scholar This phenomenon is common also in the inscriptions of Keos, , IG XII 5, 540–570–571–596–599Google Scholar and SEG XIV, 1957, 532–533.

²⁸ Τιμοφάνης Χοϱη[γ]τωνοσ: SEG XIV, 1957, 532. 26–27 (3rd cent. B.C.). Φιλίνος (f. -νοϰλῆς): op. cit. 535 (ist cent. B.C./ist cent. A.D.).

²⁹ IG II² 666 15 and 667. IG XI 2, 542. SIG ³ 371. 13 and 20.

³⁰ For Keos see IG XII 5, 601–602.

³¹ op. cit. and 595A–1064–544.

³² SIG ³ 545. 10–568. 5–671 A. IG II² 682.

³³ SIG ³ 299. 15–1158. 30 IG II² 668. 10–780. 15.

³⁴ Maier, F.G., Griechische Mauerbaninschriften I, Heidelberg 1959, 83Google Scholar, no. 172 and 272, no. 83.2. IG XII 9,906. SIG ³ 577. 85 and 950. IG II² 788. 10.

³⁵ See the names Τιμοφάνης and Φιλίνος in W. Pape-G. Benseier, Wörterbuch der Griechischen Eingennamen, 1911 and Fraser, P.M.-Matthews, E. (eds), A Lexicon of Greek Personal Names I, Oxford 1987.Google Scholar See note 28.

³⁶ The theatre of Karthaia is mentioned by the Danish traveller P.O. Bröndsted, who put it on his map of Karthaia (see Bröndsted, P.O., Reisen und Untersuchungen in Griechenland, Paris 1826, 15).Google ScholarArias, P.E. in his book, Il theatro greco fuori di Atene, Roma 1934, 119–120Google Scholar, fig. 80 has published under the name of Keos a photograph and a description of a theatre supposing that it was the Karthaian theatre. Actually the monument is the theatre of Teos in Asia Minor and it has been first published by Béguignon, and Laumonier, in BCH 49, 1925, 287Google Scholar and some years later by Bulle, H., Untersuchungen an Griechischen Theatern, München 1928, 264–265.Google Scholar For the Karthaian theatre see Zapheiropoulos, N., A.Delt, 20, 1965 (Chronica) 507.Google ScholarMendoni, L.G., ‘Ἀϱχαιολογιϰές ἔϱευνες στήν Κέα: ‘Αϱχαία Καϱϑαία’, Αϱχαιογνωσία, 4, 1985–1986Google Scholar (publ.).

³⁷ For example see, IG XII 5, 532–535–536–538–541–1061–1064–1070–1072 and SEG XIV, 1957, 544.

³⁸ IG XII 5, 599 and 604.

³⁹ Chr. Dunant-J. Thomopoulos, op. cit., no. 17 and photograph 21–22 (=SEG XIV, 1957, 547): [Δι]οφάνες |[Δι]όδορος]|[᾿Ε]τεοϰλείδου|. ο.οι τους|ἐνθεμολογήσαντες | ᾿Απόλλονι| ἀνέθεσαν. The meaning of the word ἐνθεμολογήσαντες should throw light on the activity of the two brothers. The verb ἐνθημολογῶ or ἐνθεμολογῶ must come from the word ἔνθεμα and have a meaning related to ‘to collect, to gather, to store’. (See, LSJ⁹ s.v. ἔνϑεμα). The activity of the dedicators, then, will have been connected with the collecting of some tax or the gathering of their own products. The second interpretation appears to be the more plausible. Thus the two brothers gave ‘ἐν εἴδει ἀπαρχῶν’ to the god as an offering. Dunant and Thomopoulos note that the inscription refers to some special activity or some event that occurred only once.

⁴⁰ Jeffery, L.H., Local Scripts of Archaic Greece, Oxford 1961, 297–298 and 306Google Scholar, no. 48 suggests a date around 430–400 B.C.

⁴¹ Chr. Dunant-J. Thomopoulos, op. cit., 348, no. 18 (=SEG XIV, 1957, 548): ᾿Ετεοϰλείδης | Διοφάνους | EPΛ Ṭ| APKA: ἀ̣νέ[θ]η[ϰεν].

The new inscription permits a restoration of the text of lines 3 and 4 presented by Dunant and Thomopoulos, to read [῾Ερμ̣[εῖ] | ἄρ[ξ]α[ς] ἀ̣ν̣έ̣[θ]η[ϰεν].

⁴² Ioulis: IG XII 5, 620 and 621. SEG XIV, 1957, 535 and 536. Karthaia: Robert, J.-L., BE 1962, 264.Google ScholarIG XII 5, 553.

⁴³ Lang, M., The Athenian Agora XXI, Graffiti and Dipinti, Princeton 1976, 17.Google ScholarAndreiomenou, A.K., A.Delt. 23, 1968 (Chronika) 350.Google Scholar SIG³ 1014. 90–100 Farnell, L.R., The Cults of the Greek States, 1909, V 19, 26–27, 66, 68–69.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Lucian, Prometheus 4. Dessau, H., ILS, Berlin 1892–1916, 5471.Google Scholar See also, Miller, S.G., The Prytaneion, Berkeley 1978, 16, 36, 185–187, 286–287.Google Scholar The archaeological evidence points to the same conclusion, see Harrison, E.B., The Athenian Agora XI, Archaic and Archaistic Sculpture, Princeton 1965, 126.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ ID 1416 A, 1.83–95 and 1417 B, I 89–102. See also Lambrinudakis, W.-Wörrle, M., ‘Einhellenistische Reformgesetz über das öffentliche Urkundenwesen von Paros’, Chiron 13, 1983, 302.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ IG XII 8, 641 4–5.

⁴⁷ IG XII 5, 667 IG XII 2, 117 5 and 19 and 124. 63. Robinson, D.M., ‘Inscriptions from Sinope’, AJA 9, 1905, 313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar See also, Bruneau, Ph., Recherches sur les cultes de Délos à l'époque Hellénistique et à l'époque imperiale, Paris 1970, 442–443.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Athenaeus IV, 149d.

⁴⁹ Despines, G.I., ‘Τιμητιϰόν ψήφισμα ἐϰ Πάϱον’, A.Delt. 20, 1965, 119–132Google Scholar, especially 131. S.G. Miller, op. cit., Appendix = The ἱερόν τῆς ῾Εστίας and the Prytaneion at Olympia, 235–239.

⁵⁰ IG XII 5, 566; L.H. Jeffery, op. cit., 289–290.