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KITTOS AND THE PHIALAI EXELEUTHERIKAI

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 July 2019

Mills McArthur
Mills McArthur*
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

In an oracular tablet from Dodona dating to the mid-fourth century bc, a slave named Kittos inquires whether his master, Dionysios, will set him free. A roughly contemporary entry in the Athenian phialai inscriptions records Dionysios isotelēs manumitting Kittos the metalworker. This paper suggests that the individuals in both documents may be identical. Along the way, it also takes a position on a number of questions surrounding the phialai inscriptions. These inscriptions are not really inventories, I propose, nor can they be explained in terms of lawsuits unrelated to manumission. (The presence of families and children in the inscriptions is especially important in demonstrating this point.) Instead, they represent acts of manumission effectuated through dikē apostasiou prosecutions, an Athenian practice which, I believe, dates back to the 350s. It was not until the 330s, under the financial administration of Lycurgus, that the city imposed mandatory phialai dedications upon all manumissions in court, with the phialē serving as a manumission fee paid to the treasurers of Athena.

Ο Κίττος και οι Φιάλαι Εξελευθερικαί

Σε ένα χρηστήριο έλασμα από τη Δωδώνη που χρονολογείται στα μέσα του 4ουαι. π.Χ., ένας δούλος ονόματι Κίττος ρωτά εάν ο κύριός του, Διονύσιος, θα τον απελευθερώσει. Μια περίπου σύγχρονη καταχώρηση στις επιγραφικές εγγραφές των Αθηναϊκών φιαλών ο Διονύσιος ἰσοτελής απελευθερώνει τον μεταλλουργό Κίττο. Το άρθρο αυτό προτείνει ότι τα άτομα στα δύο αυτά έγγραφα μπορεί να είναι τα ίδια. Στην πορεία, παίρνει θέση σε μια σειρά ερωτημάτων που σχετίζονται με τις επιγραφές φιαλών. Προτείνω ότι οι επιγραφές αυτές δεν είναι στην πραγματικότητα ευρετήρια, ούτε μπορούν να εξηγηθούν ως αγωγές που δε σχετίζονται με απελευθερώσεις. (Η παρουσία οικογενειών και παιδιών στις επιγραφές είναι ιδιαίτερα σημαντική για αυτό το επιχείρημα). Αντίθετα, αντιπροσωπεύουν πράξεις απελευθέρωσης που πραγματοποιήθηκαν μέσω της δίωξης δίκης ἀποστασίου, μια Αθηναϊκή πρακτική που πιστεύω ότι χρονολογείται στη δεκαετία του 350. Μόνο μετά τη δεκαετία του 330, υπό την οικονομική διοίκηση του Λυκούργου, μπόρεσε η πόλη να επιβάλει υποχρεωτικές αναθέσεις φιαλών μετά την απελευθέρωση στο δικαστήριο, με τη φιάλη να χρησιμεύει ως τέλος απελευθέρωσης που πληρωνόταν στους ταμίες της Αθηνάς.

Type
Articles
Information
Annual of the British School at Athens , Volume 114 , November 2019 , pp. 263 - 291
Copyright
Copyright © The Council, British School at Athens 2019 

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