¹ The excavation team consisted of Messrs. K. Wardle, R. Heyhoe, and M. Trend, Mrs. E. Warren, the Misses J. Carington-Smith, M. Mullett, and R. Padel, and Mrs. C. Heywood. Mrs. D. Wardle was draughtswoman, Mr. G. D. Sykes and Miss P. Quin architects. Andonis Zidhianakis was foreman with five workmen, and Petros Petrakis was vase-mender.

² Dr. Alexiou, to whose co-operation we were, as ever, greatly indebted, visited and encouraged the excavations. He was the first to recognize the coins as Arabic.

³ This was observed independently by the trench supervisor, Mr. R. Heyhoe, and Sir Mortimer Wheeler, who was delighted to be shown the building when he happened to be in Knossos on a Hellenic cruise.

⁴ Workmen at Knossos recall the Kairatos flooding across the field, including the area of the building, more than once in living memory.

⁵ For a recent brief sketch of the Arab occupation, with full bibliography, see Miles, G. C., ‘Byzantium and the Arabs: Relations in Crete and the Aegean Area’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers xviii (1964) 1–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar, especially 14–15 and 18. All the coins of the amirs known to the time of the present publication are described in the same writer's The Coinage of the Arab Amirs of Crete (American Numismatic Society, Numismatic Notes and Monographs no. 160, New York, 1970)Google Scholar; the references hereinafter are to that monograph (abbreviated CAAC).

⁶ Miles, G. C., The Islamic Coins (The Athenian Agora ix, Princeton, 1962) nos. 1–3Google Scholar.

⁷ Published in CAAC; and cf. Miles, G. C., ‘The Circulation of Islamic Coinage of the 8th–12th centuries in Greece’, Congresso Internazionale di Numismatica, Roma, 11–16 settembre, 1961, ii, Atti (Rome, 1965) 487–8, 494–5Google Scholar.

⁸ CAAC Class K no. 5.

⁹ CAAC Class F no. 22 (with the references there) and Class O no. 3.

¹⁰ CAAC Class F no. 29.

¹¹ CAAC Class K nos. 31, 32; Class W no. 1; Class Y nos. 6, 7. Cf. Miles, G. C., American Numismatic Society Museum Notes xvii (1971) 166–8Google Scholar.

¹² Cf. Miles, G. C. in Year Book of the American Philosophical Society (1956) 342–9 and (1968) 643–5Google Scholar; idem, an article on the Ay. Petros excavations in the forthcoming Proceedings of the Third Cretological Congress, 1971; Emm. Bourboudakis, ADelt xxiii (1968) Chr. 427–9Google Scholar.

¹³ CAAC Class F nos. 91, 92; Class K. no 21; Class L no. 3; Class O no. 6.

¹⁴ CAAC Class G no. 3; Class K no. 29.

¹⁵ See the argument in CAAC 2–7.

¹⁶ See Johnston, in Frend, and Johnston, , BSA lxvii (1962) 222Google Scholar and fig. 15, 29 for a parallel from Knossos of post-sixth-century date, possibly even of the Arab period. Another example, datable to the time of the Arab conquest or earlier, comes from the Vizari basilica in central Crete (Kalokyres, , KCh. xiii (1959) pl. 11Google Scholar, fig. 1, left centre). The corrugations go back much earlier in the Roman sequence. With our PLATE 58b, lower row left, cf. Robinson, , The Athenian Agora vGoogle Scholar, Pottery of the Roman Period and Chronology pl. 30 (M 305, early fifth century). On the sequence of corrugated decoration see Johnston, op. cit. 224.

¹⁷ Cf. Charles, H.Morgan, II, Corinth xi (1942)Google Scholar, The Byzantine Pottery 38–9 an d fig. 25 (ninth–tenth centuries).

¹⁸ Dr. J. W. Hayes informs me of a fragment of a similarly stamped lid from a level below the eleventh/twelfth–century levels of Mr. Miles's Ay. Petros excavations (for which see n. 12), Trench A bag 3, 18 May 1967. This piece could well be about contemporary with ours.

¹⁹ The Ay. Petros level with the stamped sherd (see n. 18) also contained fragments of green glazed ware (J. W. Hayes).

²⁰ See Marinatos, , PAE (1932) 93 fig. 11Google Scholar. On the other hand a bowl closely comparable to our fragments in incised decoration and colour of glazes comes from the Ay. Petros Arab level: see Bourboudakis, , ADelt xxiii (1968) Chr. 429 and pl. 398aGoogle Scholar.

²¹ Kalokyres, , KCh. xiii (1959) 31 and pl. 9, fig. 1; pl. 11, fig. 1Google Scholar.

²² Cf. Paton, W. R. and Myres, J. L., ‘On Some Karian and Hellenic Oil Presses’, JHS xviii (1898) 209Google Scholar. For millstones used with rotary querns and roller mills see Forbes, R. J., Studies in Ancient Technology iii (1955) 141–4, 146–8Google Scholar, For a circular millstone like ours, with central hole, see Deonna, W., Délos xviii, Le Mobilier délien (1938) 132 and pl. 51, no. 385Google Scholar.

²³ Cf. Popham, , BSA lxii (1967) pl. 77cGoogle Scholar, lower row centre.

²⁴ Cf. Furumark, , The Mycenaean Pottery. Analysis and Classification (1941) fig. 60, 1Google Scholar (L. H. IIB), though our papyrus itself is closer to Bosanquet, and Dawkins, , Unpublished Objects from the Palaikastro Excavations (1923) pl. 17b (L.M. IB)Google Scholar.

²⁵ The coin was identified by Mr. R. Ashton, to whom we are most grateful. Dr. Sutherland confirmed, from a cast, that the appearance of the coin is distinctly Claudio-Flavian.

²⁶ Hood, M. S. F., Archaeological Survey of the Knossos Area (1959) site 90Google Scholar. Hood, and de Jong, , BSA liii–liv (1958–1959) 182–94Google Scholar.

²⁷ Dio xlix. 14. 5; Strabo x. 4. 9.

²⁸ Evans, , PM ii 576 and figs. 360–1Google Scholar. The construction of the east wall of the Royal Road Roman building was closely similar to that of the main Kairatos wall in the use of large narrow blocks as uprights. The building was investigated by P. W. in the 1971 Royal Road excavations.

²⁹ Sackett, , ADelt xxiii (1968) Chr. 410Google Scholar.

³⁰ Hood, , Archaeological Survey of the Knossos Area (1959) site 91Google Scholar.

³¹ See also the material from Knossian sites published by Dr. J. W. Hayes (above, on P 3).

³² Miles, , Dumbarton Oaks Papers xviii (1964) 15Google Scholar, points to the extent of the Arab economic organization and settlement in the island.