Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-cphqk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-23T18:11:58.014Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mortality in the US by education level

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2020

Cristian Redondo Lourés  and
Andrew J. G. Cairns
Cristian Redondo Lourés
Affiliation:
Maaxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences and Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics, School of Mathematical and Comupter Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EdinburghEH14 4AS, UK
Andrew J. G. Cairns*
Affiliation:
Maaxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences and Department of Actuarial Mathematics and Statistics, School of Mathematical and Comupter Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, EdinburghEH14 4AS, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Tel: +0131 451 3245. Email: [email protected]. (www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~andrewc/ARCresources/)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Different mortality rates for different socio-economic groups within a population have been consistently reported throughout the years. In this study, we aim to exploit data from multiple public sources, including highly detailed cause-of-death data from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to explore the mortality gap between the better and worse off in the US during the period 1989–2015, using education as a proxy.

Keywords

US mortalityEducation levelSocio-economic statusMortality inequalities
Type
Paper
Information
Annals of Actuarial Science , Volume 14 , Issue 2 , September 2020 , pp. 384 - 419
Copyright
© Institute and Faculty of Actuaries 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, R.N., Minino, A.M., Hoyert, D.L. & Rosenberg, H.M. (2001). Comparability of cause of death between ICD-9 and ICD-10: preliminary estimates. National Vital Statistics Reports, 49(2), 1–32.Google ScholarPubMed
Brønnum-Hansen, H. & Baadsgaard, M. (2012). Widening social inequality in life expectancy in Denmark. A register-based study on social composition and mortality trends for the Danish population. BMC Public Health, 12, 994–1000.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cairns, A.J.G., Blake, D., Dowd, K. & Kessler, A. (2016) Phantoms never die: living with unreliable population data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 179, 975–1005.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Case, A. & Deaton, A. (2015) Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112, 15078–15083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, H.P. (2004). Poverty, culture, and social injustice: determinants of cancer disparities. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 54(2), 72–77.Google ScholarPubMed
Grönberg, H. (2003). Prostate cancer epidemiology. The Lancet, 361(9360), 859–864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hendi, A.S. (2015). Trends in U.S. life expectancy gradients: the role of changing educational composition. International Journal of Epidemiology, 44(3), 946–955.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoyert, D.L., Heron, M.P., Murphy, S.L. & Kung, H.-C. (2006). Deaths: final data for 2003. National Vital Statistics Reports, 54(13), 109.Google ScholarPubMed
Jemal, A., Ward, E., Anderson, R.N., Murray, T. & Thun, M.J. (2008). Widening of socioeconomic inequalities in U.S. death rates, 1993–2001. PLOS ONE, 3(5), e2181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macdonald, A.S., Richards, S.J. & Currie, I.D. (2018). Modelling Mortality with Actuarial Applications, 1 edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
NCHS (1993). Public use data tape documentation: multiple cause of death for ICD-10 1990 data.Google Scholar
NCHS (2016). National Center for Health Statistics, Vital Statistics Data. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/vitalstatsonline.htm [accessed May 2017].Google Scholar
Olshansky, S.J., Antonucci, T., Berkman, L., Binstock, R.H., Boersch-Supan, A., Cacioppo, J.T., Carnes, B.A., Carstensen, L.L., Fried, L.P., Goldman, D.P., Jackson, J., Kohli, M., Rother, J., Zheng, Y. & Rowe, J. (2012). Differences in life expectancy due to race and educational differences are widening, and many may not catch up. Health Affairs, 31(8), 1803–1813.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Park, J.H. (1999). Estimation of sheepskin effects using the old and the new measures of educational attainment in the current population survey. Economics Letters, 62(2), 237–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rostron, B.L., Boies, J.L. & Arias, E. (2010). Education reporting and classification on death certificates in the United States. Vital and Health Statistics, 2(151), 1–21.Google Scholar
Ryan, C.L. & Bauman, K. (2016). Educational attainment in the United States: 2015 (current population reports). Current Population Reports, US Census Bureau.Google Scholar
Sasson, I. (2016). Trends in life expectance and lifespan variation by educational attainment: United States, 1990-2010. Demography, 53, 269–293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sorlie, P.D. & Johnson, N.J. (1996). Validity of education information on the death certificate. Epidemiology, 7(4), 437–439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
US Census Bureau (2000). Current population survey design and methodology, Technical Paper 63.Google Scholar
US Census Bureau (2006), ‘Current Population Survey Design and Methodology, Technical Paper 66’.Google Scholar
US Department of Health and Human Services (1995). Technical appendix from vital statistics of United States. National Vital Statistics Reports, p. 15.Google Scholar
US Department of Health and Human Services (2004), The health consequences of smoking: a report of the surgeon general.Google Scholar
Zibbell, J.E., Asher, A.K., Patel, R.C., Kupronis, B., Iqbal, K., Ward, J.W. & Holtzman, D. (2018). Increases in acute hepatitis C virus infection related to a growing opioid epidemic and associated injection drug use, United States, 2004 to 2014. American Journal of Public Health, 108(2), 175–181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed