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Mouvements hérétiques et déracinement social au Bas Moyen Age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2018

Bronisław Geremek*
Affiliation:
Académie des Sciences, Institut d'Histoire Varsovie

Extract

La société du Bas Moyen Age subit des mutations profondes. Toutes les structures traditionnelles semblent s'affaiblir : les liens de dépendance se relâchent, la cohésion familiale diminue, l'autorité des institutions et des élites disparaît, le prestige des groupes privilégiés n'est plus considéré comme découlant de l'ordre naturel et de la loi divine.

Les processus de déracinement de la fin du Moyen Age se déroulent à plusieurs niveaux : d'une part, ils embrassent avec une intensité plus ou moins grande les divers groupes de la société, touchés par les mutations et poussés à changer de lieux de résidence, de professions, de rôles sociaux ; d'autre part, ils produisent des gens incapables de se réintégrer dans la société, vivant en marge de l'ordre social, exclus ou s'excluant de celui-ci, des marginaux.

Summary

Summary

This survey article deals with two aspects of the social and ideological crisis of the Lower Middle Ages that historians have often separated : the rootlessness of marginal groups and the spread of heresy, in which opposition to the established order figured prominently at the time. This connection is obvious for several reasons : the geographical mobility of heretics closely resembles that of social drop-outs ; certain places, such as taverns, forges and mills, served as centers both for the spread of heterodoxy and for social deviance. Marginal groups and heretic groups present comparable patterns of sociability and solidarity ; both phenomena were marked in this period by significant rural participation. However, some regional differences must be noted : sometimes heresy recruited among artisans, especially weavers. In such cases its followers were considerably less wretched than the ecclesiastical controversy suggests.

Type
Les Domaines de la Recherche
Copyright
Copyright © Les Éditions de l'EHESS 1982

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