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La communauté juive de Bagdad à la fin de l'époque ottomane : l'émergence de classes sociales et de la sécularisation.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2017

Shlomo Deshen
Shlomo Deshen*
Affiliation:
Université de Tel-Aviv
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Extract

A la fin de l'époque ottomane et jusqu'à la fin du mandat britannique en 1932, la communauté de Bagdad était une des gloires de la société juive moderne. Parmi les communautés juives moyen-orientales et méridionales de l'époque, celle de Bagdad n'avait de rivale, quant à sa taille et à ses institutions, qu'à Salonique. Cependant, malgré son importance et celle de ses descendants qui se trouvent à présent en Israël, la communauté bagdadienne est très peu étudiée. Notre connaissance des sociétés juives du Yémen ou de Tripolitaine est meilleure que celle de Bagdad. Le but de ce travail est de combler cette lacune.

Summary

Summary

The study presents a socio-cultural portrait of late-Ottoman Baghdad Jewry. It is based mainly on internai sources: legal rabbinical responsa and religious sermons. The thesis is that since the population of the community grew dramatically and became heterogeneous, its social organization became increasingly complex. New strata emerged and new organizations were founded. People developed an image of their society as being highly stratified. The upper stratum, the great merchants, began to develop practices that clashed with tradition. Crucially, however, there evolved no accompanying secular ideology, in glaring contrast to European Jewry. The reaction of the Baghdad rabbis was accordingly mild. In conclusion, Baghdad Jewry is placed in a comparative context with other Jewish societies.

Type
La Vie des Communautés Juives (XVIIe-XIXe Siècles)
Information
Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales , Volume 49 , Issue 3 , June 1994 , pp. 681 - 703
Copyright
Copyright © Les Éditions de l’EHESS 1994

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