Two sediment cores from acid lake Store Hovvatn were analysed for chironomid head capsule remains over a sequence spanning from about 1730 A.D. to the late 1970s. Up to 30 taxa were identified from one (0.5 cm) level in the cores. Principal component analysis of taxon relative abundances showed a gradient corresponding more or less to the sediment sample chronology. Redundancy analysis with some chemostratigraphical variables, and with pH values inferred from diatoms, indicated that chironomid community change could be explained as a response to acidification. However, most of the taxa that declined or disappeared up-core are known to occur in acid lakes and pH sensitivity per se does not seem to explain the response of individual species. The relative abundance of Orthocladiinae increased up-core and the long term change may be conceived in terms of a retarded productivity or oligotrophication. The most conspicuous change in the chironomid community appears to coincide with decreasing aluminium concentrations in the sediments and may indicate toxic effects from labile aluminium in the water column.