Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T17:16:01.367Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Traceability of grass feeding in beef: terpenes, 2,3-octanedione and skatole accumulation in adipose tissue of young bulls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 November 2010

E. Serrano ,
A. Cornu ,
N. Kondjoyan ,
J. Agabriel  and
D. Micol
E. Serrano
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (UR1213), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Theix, F63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
A. Cornu*
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (UR1213), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Theix, F63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France Unité Qualité des Produits Animaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Theix, F63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
N. Kondjoyan
Affiliation:
Unité Qualité des Produits Animaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Theix, F63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
J. Agabriel
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (UR1213), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Theix, F63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
D. Micol
Affiliation:
Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (UR1213), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Theix, F63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
Get access

Abstract

The development of analytical methods to verify the production system of meat products requires the identification of biomarkers that can trace the product’s origin, and secondly the factors that govern the deposition of these markers in animal tissue need to be defined. In this study, 2,3-octanedione, skatole and terpenes were selected as biomarkers, and their deposition was investigated in bull calves reared under three different strategies. All of the animals were reared indoors until approximately 150 days of age. They were suckled twice a day by their mothers, and both calves and cows had free access to cocksfoot hay. Then the first two groups of animals were kept indoors, suckled by their mothers twice a day and received either cocksfoot hay (HL) or freshly cut-green herbage (GL) and a limited quantity of concentrate. The third group of calves (PH) was kept on pasture with their mothers and offered concentrate ad libitum. The pasture supporting the PH animals was highly diversified, containing several terpene-rich plant species, whereas the herbage for the GL animals contained no species known to be aromatic. Perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues were analysed for volatile compounds. The perirenal fat was found to be more responsive to the treatment and a more reliable substrate than the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Higher levels of 2,3-octanedione (P < 0.05) were found in PH and GL than in HL fat (6.56, 6.51 and 5.77 area arbitrary units, respectively, in perirenal fat), confirming the ability of this molecule to trace green herbage feeding. Skatole was detected in the perirenal and subcutaneous fat of all the animals. Animals receiving high concentrate level (PH group) presented lower (P < 0.05) skatole values (5.83 area arbitrary units in perirenal fat) than animals receiving low concentrate level (HL and GL groups, 6.23 and 6.71 area arbitrary units, respectively, in perirenal fat). Terpenoids, and especially sesquiterpenes, were found at higher levels and diversities in the PH than in the GL and HL animals. Two monoterpenoids allowed group discrimination considering perirenal or subcutaneous fat without distinction, whereas 11 and 5 sesquiterpenoids from perirenal and subcutaneous fat, respectively, allowed it.

Keywords

ruminantfatty tissuesterpenesgrass feedingbiomarkers
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 5 , Issue 4 , 23 February 2011 , pp. 641 - 649
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Berg, H, Agerhem, H, von Seth, G, Tornberg, E, Andresen, Ø 1993. The relationship between skatole and androstenone content and sensory off-odour in entire male pigs. In Measurement and prevention of boar taint in entire male pigs (ed. M Bonneau), pp. 55–62. INRA Editions, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Cody, RP, Smith, JK 1991. Applied statistics and the SAS programming language, 3rd edition. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.Google Scholar
Cornu, A, Carnat, AP, Martin, B, Coulon, JB, Lamaison, JL, Berdagué, JL 2001a. Solid phase microextraction of volatile components from grassland plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 49, 203–209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornu, A, Kondjoyan, N, Begnaud, F, Micol, D, Renou, JP, Berdagué, JL 2001b. Terpenes in meat: tracers of animal feed and geographical origin. In VIIIe Rencontres Recherches Ruminants, p. 61. Institut de l’élevage-INRA, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Cornu, A, Kondjoyan, N, Martin, B, Ferlay, A, Pradel, P, Coulon, JB, Berdagué, JL 2002. Toward the recognition of the main diets distributed to cows by means of terpene profiles in milk. In IXe Rencontres Recherches Ruminants, p. 370. Institut de l’élevage-INRA, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Coulon, JB, Priolo, A 2002. Influence of forage feeding on the composition and organoleptic properties of meat and dairy products: bases for a “terroir” effect. In Proceedings of the 19th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation (ed. JL Durand, JC Emile, C Huyghe and G Lemaire), pp. 513–524. British Grassland Society, Reading, UK.Google Scholar
Daget, P, Poissonnet, J 1971. Une méthode d’analyse phytosociologique des prairies. Critères d’application. Annales Agronomiques 22, 5–41.Google Scholar
Deighton, MH, Pacheco, D, Tavendale, MH, Schreurs, NM, Peters, JS, McNabb, WC, Roy, NC 2006. Increased hepatic skatole exposure via rumen infusion increases skatole concentration in peripheral circulation and inter-muscular fat in sheep. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 66, 295–299.Google Scholar
Ferlay, A, Martin, B, Pradel, Ph, Coulon, JB, Chilliard, Y 2006. Influence of grass-based diets on milk fatty acid composition and milk lipolytic system in Tarentaise and Montbéliarde cow breeds. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 4026–4041.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fernandez, C, Astier, C, Rock, E, Coulon, JB, Berdagué, JL 2003. Characterization of milk by analysis of its terpene fraction. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 38, 445–451.Google Scholar
Hansen, LL, Larsen, AE, Jensen, BB, Hansen-Moller, J, Barton-Gade, P 1993. Influence of stocking rate and faeces deposition in the pen at different temperatures on skatole concentration (boar taint) in subcutaneous fat. Animal Production 59, 99–110.Google Scholar
Karaoui, R, De Baerdemaeker, J 2007. A review of the analytical methods coupled with chemometric tools for the determination of the quality and identity of dairy products. Food Chemistry 102, 621–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keen, AR, Wilson, RD 1992. Pasture feeding – a contribution of additional flavour nuances to milk fat and meat flavour. In Milk fat flavour forum, pp. 24–31. New Zealand Dairy Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Lane, GA, Fraser, K 1999. A comparison of phenol and indole flavour compounds in fat, and of phenols in urine of cattle fed pasture or grain. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 42, 289–296.Google Scholar
Larick, DK, Hedrick, HB, Bailey, ME, Williams, JE, Hancock, DL, Garner, GB, Morrow, RE 1987. Flavor constituents of beef as influenced by forage and grain feeding. Journal of Food Science 52, 245–251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Neindre, P 1973. Observations sur l’estimation de la production laitière des vaches allaitantes par la pesée du veau avant et après la tétée. Annales de Zootechnie 22, 413–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, K 1999. Soybeans: chemistry, technology and utilization. Aspen Publisher, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA.Google Scholar
Martin, B, Cornu, A, Kondjoyan, N, Ferlay, A, Verdier-Metz, I, Pradel, P, Rock, E, Chilliard, Y, Coulon, JB, Berdagué, JL 2005. Milk indicators for recognizing the types of forages eaten by dairy cows. In Indicators of milk and beef quality (ed. JF Hocquette and S Gigli), EAAP Publication 112, pp. 127–136. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Prache, S, Priolo, A, Graulier, P 2003. Persistence of carotenoid pigments in the blood of concentrate-finished grazing sheep: its significance for the traceability of grass-feeding. Journal of Animal Science 81, 360–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prache, S, Cornu, A, Berdagué, JL, Priolo, A 2005. Traceability of animal feeding diet in the meat and milk of small ruminants. Small Ruminant Research 59, 157–168.Google Scholar
Prache, S, Kondjoyan, N, Delfosse, O, Chauveau-Duriot, B, Andueza, D, Cornu, A 2009. Discrimination of pasture-fed lambs from lambs fed dehydrated alfalfa indoors using different compounds measured in the fat, meat and plasma. Animal 3, 598–605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Priolo, A, Prache, S, Micol, D, Agabriel, J 2002. Reflectance spectrum of adipose tissue to trace grass feeding in sheep: influence of measurement site and shrinkage time after slaughter. Journal of Animal Science 80, 886–891.Google Scholar
Priolo, A, Cornu, A, Prache, S, Krogmann, M, Kondjoyan, N, Micol, D, Berdagué, JL 2004. Fat volatiles tracers of grass feeding in sheep. Meat Science 66, 475–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Priolo, A, Vasta, V, Fasone, V, Lanza, CM, Scerra, M, Biondi, L, Bella, M, Whittington, FM 2009. Meat odour and flavour and indoles concentration in ruminal fluid and adipose tissue of lambs fed green herbage or concentrates with or without tannins. Animal 3, 454–460.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robelin, J, Geay, Y 1975. Estimation de la composition de la carcasse des taurillons à partir de la composition de la 6e côte. Bulletin Technique C.R.Z.V. Theix 22, 41–44.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) 1989. User’s guide, version 6, 4th edition. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Schreurs, NM, Lane, GA, Tavendale, MH, Barry, TN, McNabb, WC 2008. Pastoral flavour in meat products from ruminants fed fresh forages and its amelioration by forage condensed tannins. Animal Feed Science and Technology 146, 193–221.Google Scholar
Schreurs, NM, Tavendale, MH, Lane, GA, Barry, TN, Marotti, DM, McNabb, WC 2003. Postprandial indole and skatole formation in the rumen when feeding white clover, perennial ryegrass and Lotus corniculatus. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 63, 14–17.Google Scholar
Schreurs, NM, McNabb, WC, Tavendale, MH, Lane, GA, Barry, TN, Cummings, T, Fraser, K, López-Villalobos, N, Ramírez-Restrepo, CA 2007. Skatole and indole concentration and the odour of fat from lambs that grazed perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture or Lotus corniculatus. Animal Feed Science and Technology 138, 254–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Serrano, E, Prache, S, Chauveau-Duriot, B, Agabriel, J, Micol, D 2006. Traceability of grass-feeding in young beef using carotenoid pigments in plasma and adipose tissue. Animal Science 82, 909–918.Google Scholar
Serrano, E, Cornu, A, Kondjoyan, N, Figueredo, G, Agabriel, J, Micol, D 2007a. Terpene accumulation in muscle and fatty tissues of veal supplemented with essential oils. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 16, 168–179.Google Scholar
Serrano, E, Pradel, P, Jailler, R, Dubroeucq, H, Bauchart, D, Hocquette, J-F, Listrat, A, Agabriel, J, Micol, D 2007b. Young Salers suckling bull production: effect of the type of diet on performances, carcass and muscle characteristics and meat quality. Animal 1, 1068–1079.Google Scholar
Sheath, GW, Coulon, JB, Young, OA 2001. Grassland management and animal product quality. In Proceedings of the 42nd International Grassland Congress, pp. 1019–1026. Sao Paulo, Brazil.Google Scholar
Vernon, RG 1986. The growth and metabolism of adipocytes. In Control and manipulation of animal growth (ed. PJ Buttery, NB Haynes and DB Lindsay), pp. 67–83. London Butterworths, London, UK.Google Scholar
Viallon, C, Martin, B, Verdier-Metz, I, Pradel, P, Garel, JP, Coulon, JB, Berdagué, JL 2000. Transfer of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from forages into milk fat. Le Lait 80, 635–641.Google Scholar
Young, OA, Lane, GA, Priolo, A, Fraser, K 2003. Pastoral and species flavour in lambs raised on pasture, lucerne or maize. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 83, 93–104.Google Scholar
Young, OA, Berdagué, JL, Viallon, C, Rousset-Akrim, S, Theriez, M 1997. Fat-borne volatile and sheep meat odour. Meat Science 45, 183–200.Google Scholar