Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T07:25:46.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A teleonomic model describing performance (body, milk and intake) during growth and over repeated reproductive cycles throughout the lifespan of dairy cattle. 2. Voluntary intake and energy partitioning

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 June 2010

O. Martin  and
D. Sauvant
O. Martin*
Affiliation:
UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), INRA-AgroParisTech, 16, rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
D. Sauvant
Affiliation:
UMR Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants (MoSAR), INRA-AgroParisTech, 16, rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This is the second of two papers describing a teleonomic model of individual performance during growth and over repeated reproductive cycles throughout the lifespan of dairy cattle. The model described in the first paper is based on the coupling of a regulating sub-model of the dynamic partitioning of a female mammal’s priority over a lifetime with an operating sub-model of whole-animal performance. The model provides a reference pattern of performance under normal husbandry and feed regimen, which is expressed in this paper in a reference dynamic pattern of energy partitioning adapted to changes in nutrient supply. This paper deals with the representation of deviations from the reference pattern of performance. First, a model of intake regulation, accounting for feed allowance, physical limitation of the digestive tract and energy demand, is used to determine the actual intake, which may generate a deviation from the energy input under the reference pattern of partitioning. Second, a theoretical model is proposed to apportion the energy deviation between flows involved in performance and thus simulate lifetime performance when actual intake is above or below requirements. The model explicitly involves a homeorhetic drive by way of the tendency to home on to the teleonomic trajectory and a homeostatic control by way of the tendency to maintain an energy equilibrium in response to nutritional constraints. The model was evaluated through simulations reproducing typical feeding trials in dairy cows. Model simulations shown in graphs concern the effect of dietary energy content on intake, body weight and condition score, and milk yield. Results highlight the ability of the model to simulate the combination of physical and energetic regulation of intake, the accelerated, retarded and compensatory patterns of growth and the short- and long-term residual effects of pre-partum feeding on lactation.

Keywords

dairy cownutritiongestationlactationbody reserves
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 12 , December 2010 , pp. 2048 - 2056
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bauman, DE, Currie, WB 1980. Partitioning of nutrients during pregnancy and lactation: a review of mechanisms involving homeostasis and homeorhesis. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 1514–1529.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bricage, P 2002. Héritage génétique, héritage épigénétique et héritage environnemental: de la bactérie à l’homme, le transformisme, une systémique du vivant. Symposium AFSCET, Evolution du vivant et du social: Analogies et differences. Retrieved July 4, 2008, from http://www.afscet.asso.fr/heritage.pdfGoogle Scholar
Broster, WH 1972. Effect on milk yield of the cow of the level of feeding during lactation. Dairy Science Abstracts 34, 265–288.Google Scholar
Brown, JH, Gillooly, JF, Allen, AP, Savage, VM, West, GB 2004. Toward a metabolic theory of ecology. Ecology 85, 1771–1789.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, J, Lopez-Villalobos, N, Holmes, C, Pryce, J 2005. Simulation modelling of dairy cattle performance based on knowledge of genotype, environment and genotype by environment interactions: current status. Agricultural Systems 86, 121–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cherwell Scientific Ltd 2000. Modelmaker user manual. Cherwell Scientific Ltd, Oxford, England.Google Scholar
Conrad, HR, Pratt, AD, Hibbs, JW 1964. Regulation of feed intake in dairy cows. 1. Change in importance of physical and physiological factors with increasing digestibility. Journal of Dairy Science 47, 54–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crichton, JA, Aitken, JN, Boyne, AW 1960. The effect of plane of nutrition during rearing on growth production, reproduction and health of dairy cattle. 2. Growth to maturity. Animal Production 2, 45–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drackley, JK, Donkin, SS, Reynolds, CK 2006. Major advances in fundamental dairy cattle nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1324–1336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellis, JL, Qiao, F, Cant, JP 2006. Prediction of dry matter intake throughout lactation in a dynamic model of dairy cow performance. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 1558–1570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faverdin, P 1992. Alimentation des vaches laitières: comparaison des différentes méthodes de prédiction des quantités ingérées. INRA Productions Animales 5, 271–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faverdin, P, Delaby, L, Delagarde, R 2007. L’ingestion d’aliments par les vaches laitières et sa prévision au cours de la lactation. INRA Productions Animales 20, 151–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friggens, NC, Newbold, JR 2007. Towards a biological basis for predicting nutrient partitioning: the dairy cow as an example. Animal 1, 87–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friggens, NC, Ingvartsen, KL, Emmans, GC 2004. Prediction of body lipid change in pregnancy and lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 988–1000.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garnsworthy, PC, Topps, JH 1982. The effect of body condition of dairy cows at calving on their food intake and performance when given complete diets. Animal Production 35, 113–119.Google Scholar
Geisler, PA, Neal, HA 1979. A model for the effects of energy nutrition on the pregnant ewe. Animal Production 29, 357–369.Google Scholar
Hristov, AN, Price, WJ, Shafii, B 2004. A meta-analysis examining the relationship among dietary factors, dry matter intake, and milk and milk protein yield in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 2184–2196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingvartsen, KL 1994. Models of voluntary food intake in cattle. Livestock Production Science 39, 19–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, GC 1953. The role of depot fat in the hypothalamic control of food intake in the rat. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 140, 578–592.Google ScholarPubMed
Kooijman, SALM 1986. Energy budgets can explain body size relations. Journal of Theoretical Biology 121, 269–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lins, M, Gruber, L, Obritzhauser, W 2003. Effect of prepartum energy supply on feed intake, body weight, body condition, milk yield and metabolism of dairy cows: a review. Übersichten zur Tierernährung 31, 75–120.Google Scholar
Martin, O, Sauvant, D 2010. A teleonomic model describing performance (body, milk and intake) during growth and over repeated reproductive cycles throughout the lifespan of dairy cattle. 1. Trajectories of life function priorities and genetic scaling. Animal 4, 2030–2047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulvany, PM 1977. Dairy cow condition scoring. Paper no. 4468. National Institute for Research in Dairying, Reading, UK.Google Scholar
Sauvant, D 1994. Modelling homeostatic and homeorhetic regulations in lactating animals. Livestock Production Science 39, 105–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van der Meer, J 2006. Metabolic theories in ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21, 136–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vetharaniam, I, McCall, DG, Fennessy, PF, Garrick, DJ 2001. A model of mammalian energetics and growth: model development. Agricultural Systems 68, 55–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waddington, CH 1957. The strategy of the genes. A discussion of some aspects of theoretical biology. George Allen and Unwin, London, UK.Google Scholar
Wade, GN, Schneider, JE 1992. Metabolic fuels and reproduction in female mammals. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 16, 235–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Martin Supplementary Material

Appendix.doc

Download Martin Supplementary Material(File)
File 366.6 KB