Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:19:08.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil supplementation alter digestion, ruminal fermentation and rumen fatty acid profile of dairy cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2019

Y. Pi ,
L. Ma ,
K. M. Pierce ,
H. R. Wang ,
J. C. Xu  and
D. P. Bu
Y. Pi
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
L. Ma
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
K. M. Pierce
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
H. R. Wang
Affiliation:
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
J. C. Xu
Affiliation:
Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
D. P. Bu*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China CAAS-ICRAF Joint Laboratory on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Rubber seed oil (RO) that is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) can improve milk production and milk FA profiles of dairy cows; however, the responses of digestion and ruminal fermentation to RO supplementation in vivo are still unknown. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of RO and flaxseed oil (FO) supplementation on nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen FA profile of dairy cows. Forty-eight mid-lactation Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments for 8 weeks, including basal diet (CON) or the basal dietary supplemented with 4% RO, 4% FO or 2% RO plus 2% FO on a DM basis. Compared with CON, dietary oil supplementation improved the total tract apparent digestibility of DM, neutral detergent fibre and ether extracts ( P < 0.05). Oil treatment groups had no effects on ruminal digesta pH value, ammonia N and microbial crude protein ( P > 0.05), whereas oil groups significantly changed the volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile by increasing the proportion of propionate whilst decreasing total VFA concentration, the proportion of acetate and the ratio of acetate to propionate ( P < 0.05). However, there were no differences in VFA proportions between the three oil groups (P > 0.05). In addition, dietary oil supplementation increased the total unsaturated FA proportion in the rumen by enhancing the proportion of trans-11 C18:1 vaccenic acid (VA), cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation with RO and FO could improve nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation and ruminal FA profile by enhancing the VA, cis-9, trans-11 CLA and ALA composition of lactating dairy cows. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the application of RO in livestock production.

Keywords

vegetable oilslinolenic aciddigestionruminal metabolismlactating cows
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 13 , Issue 12 , December 2019 , pp. 2811 - 2820
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

a

These authors contributed equally to this work.

References

Abdullah, BM and Salimon, J 2010. Toxicity study of Malaysian rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seed oil as rats and shrimps tests. Asian Journal of Biochemistry 5, 33–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 2000. Official methods of analysis, volume 1, 17th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Bauman, DE and Griinari, JM 2001. Regulation and nutritional manipulation of milk fat: low-fat milk syndrome. Livestock Production Science 70, 15–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumgard, LH, Corl, BA, Dwyer, DA, Saebo, A and Bauman, DE 2000. Identification of the conjugated linoleic acid isomer that inhibits milk fat synthesis. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, R179–R184.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bu, DP, Wang, JQ, Dhiman, TR and Liu, SJ 2007. Effectiveness of oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acids to enhance conjugated linoleic acid in milk from dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 998–1007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A and Doreau, M 2001. Effect of different types of forages, animal fat or marine oils in cow's diet on milk fat secretion and composition, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Livestock Production Science 70, 31–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dohme, F, Machmuller, A, Wasserfallen, A and Kreuzer, M 2001. Ruminal methanogenesis as influenced by individual fatty acids supplemented to complete ruminant diets. Letters in Applied Microbiology 32, 47–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feng, ZC and Gao, M 1993. The determination of ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen fluid by a colorimetric method. Inner Mongolian Journal of Animal Science 4, 40–41.Google Scholar
Gao, J, Wang, MZ, Jing, YJ, Sun, XZ, Wu, TY and Shi, LF 2016. Impacts of the unsaturation degree of long-chain fatty acids on the volatile fatty acid profiles of rumen microbial fermentation in goats in vitro. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 15, 2827–2833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griinari, JM, Corl, BA, Lacy, SH, Chouinard, PY, Nurmela, KVV and Bauman, DE 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid is synthesized endogenously in lactating dairy cows by Delta (9)-desaturase. The Journal of Nutrition 130, 2285–2291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guyader, J, Eugene, M, Meunier, B, Doreau, M, Morgavi, DP, Silberberg, M, Rochette, Y, Gerard, C, Loncke, C and Martin, C 2015. Additive methane-mitigating effect between linseed oil and nitrate fed to cattle. Journal of Animal Science 93, 3564–3577.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huhtanen, PJ, Blauwiekel, R and Saastamoinen, I 1998. Effects of intraruminal infusions of propionate and butyrate with two different protein supplements on milk production and blood metabolites in dairy cows receiving grass silage-based diet. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 77, 213–222.3.0.CO;2-6>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jalc, D and Ceresnakova, Z 2002. Effect of plant oils and malate on rumen fermentation in vitro. Czech Journal of Animal Science 47, 106–111.Google ScholarPubMed
Jenkins, TC 1993. Lipid-metabolism in the Rumen. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 3851–3863.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keady, TWJ, Mayne, CS and Fitzpatrick, DA 2000. Effects of supplementation of dairy cattle with fish oil on silage intake, milk yield and milk composition. Journal of Dairy Research 67, 137–153.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kholif, AE, Morsy, TA, Abd El Tawab, AM, Anele, UY and Galyean, ML 2016. Effect of supplementing diets of Anglo-Nubian goats with soybean and flaxseed oils on lactational performance. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 64, 6163–6170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kholif, AE, Morsy, TA and Abdo, MM 2018. Crushed flaxseed versus flaxseed oil in the diets of Nubian goats: effect on feed intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, blood chemistry, milk production, milk composition and milk fatty acid profile. Animal Feed Science and Technology 244, 66–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, D, Wang, JQ, Li, FD and Bu, DP 2012. Effects of malic acid and unsaturated fatty acids on methanogenesis and fermentation by ruminal microbiota in vitro. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 11, 2917–2922.Google Scholar
Liu, L, Wang, JQ, Bu, DP, Liu, SJ, Liang, S, Liu, KL, Wei, HY and Zhou, LY 2009. Influence of docosahexaenoic acid on the concentration of fatty acids and volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid analysed by a rumen-simulation techniques. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 18, 132–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loor, JJ, Herbein, JH and Jenkins, TC 2002. Nutrient digestion, biohydrogenation, and fatty acid profiles in blood plasma and milk fat from lactating Holstein cows fed canola oil or canolamide. Animal Feed Science and Technology 97, 65–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loor, JJ, Ueda, K, Ferlay, A, Chilliard, Y and Doreau, M 2004. Biohydrogenation, duodenal flow, and intestinal digestibility of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in response to dietary forage:concentrate ratio and linseed oil in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 2472–2485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lunsin, R, Wanapat, M and Rowlinson, P 2012a. Effect of cassava hay and rice bran oil supplementation on rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 25, 1364–1373.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lunsin, R, Wanapat, M, Yuangklang, C and Rowlinson, P 2012b. Effect of rice bran oil supplementation on rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. Livestock Science 145, 167–173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, T, Tu, Y, Zhang, NF, Deng, KD and Diao, QY 2015. Effect of the ratio of non-fibrous carbohydrates to neutral detergent fiber and protein structure on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen metabolism in lambs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 28, 1419–1426.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maia, MRG, Chaudhary, LC, Bestwick, CS, Richardson, AJ, McKain, N, Larson, TR, Graham, IA and Wallace, RJ 2010. Toxicity of unsaturated fatty acids to the biohydrogenating ruminal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. Bmc Microbiology 10, 52CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Makkar, H, Sharma, O, Dawra, R and Negi, S 1982. Simple determination of microbial protein in rumen liquor. Journal of Dairy Science 65, 2170–2173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martin, C, Rouel, J, Jouany, JP, Doreau, M and Chilliard, Y 2008. Methane output and diet digestibility in response to feeding dairy cows crude linseed, extruded linseed, or linseed oil. Journal of Animal Science 86, 2642–2650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morsy, TA, Kholif, SM, Kholif, AE, Matloup, OH, Salem, AZ and Elella, AA 2015. Influence of sunflower whole seeds or oil on ruminal fermentation, milk production, composition, and fatty acid profile in lactating goats. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 28, 1116–1122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moss, AR, Jouany, JP and Newbold, J 2000. Methane production by ruminants: its contribution to global warming. Annales De Zootechnie 49, 231–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Onetti, SG, Shaver, RD, McGuire, MA and Grummer, RR 2001. Effect of type and level of dietary fat on rumen fermentation and performance of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 2751–2759.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patra, AK and Yu, ZT 2012. Effects of essential oils on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial populations. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, 4271–4280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Philippeau, C, Lettat, A, Martin, C, Silberberg, M, Morgavi, DP, Ferlay, A, Berger, C and Noziere, R 2017. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbials on ruminal characteristics, methane emission, and milk fatty acid composition in cows fed high- or low-starch diets. Journal of Dairy Science 100, 2637–2650.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pi, Y, Gao, ST, Ma, L, Zhu, YX, Wang, JQ, Zhang, JM, Xu, JC and Bu, DP 2016. Effectiveness of rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil to enhance the alpha-linolenic acid content in milk from dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 99, 5719–5730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Popova, M, Guyader, J, Silberberg, M, Seradj, AR, Saro, C, Bernard, A, Gerard, C, Martin, C and Morgavi, DP 2019. Changes in the rumen microbiota of cows in response to dietary supplementation with nitrate, linseed, and saponin alone or in combination. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 85, e02657–18.Google ScholarPubMed
Popova, M, McGovern, E, McCabe, MS, Martin, C, Doreau, M, Arbre, M, Meale, SJ, Morgavi, DP and Waters, SM 2017. The structural and functional capacity of ruminal and cecal microbiota in growing cattle was unaffected by dietary supplementation of linseed oil and nitrate. Frontiers in Microbiology 8, 00937.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roche, HM, Noone, E, Nugent, A and Gibney, MJ 2001. Conjugated linoleic acid: a novel therapeutic nutrient? Nutrition Research Reviews 14, 173–187.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shen, JS, Chai, Z, Song, LJ, Liu, JX and Wu, YM 2012. Insertion depth of oral stomach tubes may affect the fermentation parameters of ruminal fluid collected in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 5978–5984.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shi, HT 2014. Effects of perilla oil and rubber seed oil supplements on rumen fermentation parameters, fatty acid composition and methane production by a rumen-simulation technique. Master’s thesis, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.Google Scholar
Shingfield, J, Saebo, A, Saebo, PC, Toivonen, V and Griinari, JM 2009. Effect of abomasal infusions of a mixture of octadecenoic acids on milk fat synthesis in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 4317–4329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shingfield, KJ, Kairenius, P, Arola, A, Paillard, D, Muetzel, S, Ahvenjarvi, S, Vanhatalo, A, Huhtanen, P, Toivonen, V, Griinari, JM and Wallace, RJ 2012. Dietary fish oil supplements modify ruminal biohydrogenation, alter the flow of fatty acids at the omasum, and induce changes in the ruminal butyrivibrio population in lactating cows. The Journal of Nutrition 142, 1437–1448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toprak, NN 2015. Do fats reduce methane emission by ruminants? - a review. Animal Science Papers and Reports 33, 305–321.Google Scholar
Ueda, K, Ferlay, A, Chabrot, J, Loor, JJ, Chilliard, Y and Doreau, M 2003. Effect of linseed oil supplementation on ruminal digestion in dairy cows fed diets with different forage: concentrate ratios. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 3999–4007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Houtert, M 1993. The production and metabolism of volatile fatty acids by ruminants fed roughages: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 43, 189–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Keulen, J and Young, BA 1977. Evaluation of acid insoluble ash as a neutral marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science 44, 282–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vargas, JE, Andres, S, Snelling, TJ, Lopez-Ferreras, L, Yanez-Ruiz, DR, Garcia-Estrada, C and Lopez, S 2017. Effect of sunflower and marine oils on ruminal microbiota, in vitro fermentation and digesta fatty acid profile. Frontiers in Microbiology 8, 1124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wahle, KWJ, Heys, SD and Rotondo, D 2004. Conjugated linoleic acids: are they beneficial or detrimental to health? Progress in Lipid Research 43, 553–587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, JH, Song, MK, Son, YS and Chang, MB 2002. Addition effect of seed-associated or free linseed oil on the formation of cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid and octadecenoic acid by ruminal bacteria in vitro. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 15, 1115–1120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wei, ZH, Zhang, BX and Liu, JX 2018. Effects of the dietary nonfiber carbohydrate content on lactation performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen utilization in mid-lactation dairy cows receiving corn stover. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 9, 20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xie, X, Wang, JK, Guan, LL and Liu, JX 2018. Effect of changing forage on the dynamic variation in rumen fermentation in sheep. Animal Science Journal 89, 122–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, SL, Bu, DP, Wang, JQ, Hu, ZY, Li, D, Wei, HY, Zhou, LY and Loor, JJ 2009. Soybean oil and linseed oil supplementation affect profiles of ruminal microorganisms in dairy cows. Animal 3, 1562–1569.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhou, XQ, Zhang, YD, Zhao, M, Zhang, T, Zhu, D, Bu, DP and Wang, JQ 2015. Effect of dietary energy source and level on nutrient digestibility, rumen microbial protein synthesis, and milk performance in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 7209–7217.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed