Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T14:26:29.113Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Restoration of in situ fiber degradation and the role of fibrolytic microbes and ruminal pH in cows fed grain-rich diets transiently or continuously

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2017

P. Pourazad ,
R. Khiaosa-ard ,
B. U. Metzler-Zebeli ,
F. Klevenhusen  and
Q. Zebeli
P. Pourazad
Affiliation:
Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria Research Cluster ‘Animal Gut Health’, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
R. Khiaosa-ard
Affiliation:
Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria Research Cluster ‘Animal Gut Health’, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
B. U. Metzler-Zebeli
Affiliation:
Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria Research Cluster ‘Animal Gut Health’, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
F. Klevenhusen
Affiliation:
Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria Research Cluster ‘Animal Gut Health’, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Q. Zebeli*
Affiliation:
Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria Research Cluster ‘Animal Gut Health’, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In this study, we used two different grain-rich feeding models (continuous or transient) to determine their effects on in situ fiber degradation and abundances of important rumen fibrolytic microbes in the rumen. The role of the magnitude of ruminal pH drop during grain feeding in the fiber degradation was also determined. The study was performed in eight rumen-fistulated dry cows. They were fed forage-only diet (baseline), and then challenged with a 60% concentrate diet for 4 weeks, either continuously (n=4 cows) or transiently (n=4 cows). The cows of transient feeding had 1 week off concentrate in between. Ruminal degradation of grass silage and fiber-rich hay was determined by the in situ technique, and microbial abundances attached to incubated samples were analyzed by quantitative PCR. The in situ trials were performed at the baseline and in the 1st and the last week of concentrate feeding in the continuous model. The in situ trials were done in cows of the transient model at the baseline and in the 1st week of the re-challenge with concentrate. In situ degradation of NDF and ADF of the forage samples, and microbial abundances were determined at 0, 4, 8, 24 and 48 h of the incubation. Ruminal pH and temperature during the incubation were recorded using indwelling pH sensors. Compared with the respective baseline, both grain-rich feeding models lowered ruminal pH and increased the duration of pH below 5.5 and 5.8. Results of the grass silage incubation showed that in the continuous model the extent of NDF and ADF degradation was lower in the 1st, but not in the last week compared with the baseline. For the transient model, degradation of NDF of the silage was lower during the re-challenge compared with the baseline. Degradation of NDF and ADF of the hay was suppressed by both feeding models compared with the respective baseline. Changes in fiber degradation of either grass silage or hay were not related to the magnitude of ruminal pH depression during grain-rich feeding. In both feeding models total fungal numbers and relative abundance of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens attached to the incubated forages were decreased by the challenge. Overall, Fibrobacter succinogenes was more sensitive to the grain challenge compared with Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens. The study provided evidence for a restored ruminal fiber degradation after prolonged time of grain-rich feeding, however depending on physical and chemical characteristics of forages.

Keywords

in situ nutrient degradationfibrolytic microbescow’s variationruminal pHhigh-grain feeding
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 11 , Issue 12 , December 2017 , pp. 2193 - 2202
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

a

These two authors contributed equally to this work.

References

Akin, DE, Lyon, CE, Windham, WR and Rigsby, LL 1989. Physical degradation of lignified stem tissues by ruminal fungi. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55, 611–616.Google Scholar
Colombatto, D, Hervas, G, Yang, WZ and Beauchemin, KA 2003. Effects of enzyme supplementation of a total mixed ration on microbial fermentation in continuous culture maintained at high and low pH. Journal of Animal Science 81, 2617–2627.Google Scholar
Dijkstra, J, Ellis, JL, Kebreab, E, Strathe, AB, López, S, France, J and Bannink, A 2012. Ruminal pH regulation and nutritional consequences of low pH. Animal Feed Science and Technology 172, 22–44.Google Scholar
Fernando, SC, Purvis, HT, Najar, FZ, Sukharnikov, LO, Krehbiel, CR, Nagaraja, TG, Roe, BA and DeSilva, U 2010. Rumen microbial population dynamics during adaptation to a high-grain diet. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, 7482–7490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flint, HJ, Scott, KP, Duncan, SH, Louis, P and Forano, E 2012. Microbial degradation of complex carbohydrates in the gut. Gut Microbes 3, 289–306.Google Scholar
Gao, X and Oba, M 2014. Relationship of severity of subacute ruminal acidosis to rumen fermentation, chewing activities, sorting behavior, and milk production in lactating dairy cows fed a high-grain diet. Journal of Dairy Science 97, 3006–3016.Google Scholar
Ho, YW and Abdullah, N 1999. The role of rumen fungi in fiber digestion. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 12, 104–112.Google Scholar
Hook, SE, Steele, MA, Northwood, KS, Dijkstra, J, France, J, Wright, ADG and McBride, BW 2011. Impact of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) adaptation and recovery on the density and diversity of bacteria in the rumen of dairy cows. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 78, 275–284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Khafipour, E, Li, S, Plaizier, JC and Krause, DO 2009. Rumen microbiome composition determined using two nutritional models of subacute ruminal acidosis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, 7115–7124.Google Scholar
Klevenhusen, F, Pourazad, P, Wetzels, SU, Qumar, M, Khol- Parisini, A and Zebeli, Q 2014. Technical note: evaluation of a real-time wireless pH measurement system relative to intraruminal differences of digesta in dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science 92, 5635–5639.Google Scholar
Krajcarski-Hunt, H, Plaizier, JC, Walton, J-P, Spratt, R and McBride, BW 2002. Short communication: effect of subacute ruminal acidosis on in situ fiber digestion in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 570–573.Google Scholar
Li, F, Cao, Y, Liu, N, Yang, X, Yao, J and Yan, D 2014. Subacute ruminal acidosis challenge changed in situ degradability of feedstuffs in dairy goats. Journal of Dairy Science 97, 5101–5109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Littell, RC, Pendergast, J and Natarajan, R 2000. Modelling covariance structures in the analysis of repeated measures data. Statistics in Medicine 19, 1973–1819.Google Scholar
Martin, C, Millet, L, Fonty, G and Michalet-Doreau, B 2001. Cereal supplementation modified the fibrolytic activity but not the structure of the cellulolytic bacterial community associated with rumen solid digesta. Reproduction Nutrition Development 41, 413–424.Google Scholar
McAllister, TA, Bae, HD, Yanke, LJ, Cheng, K-J and Ha, JK 1994. A review of the microbial digestion of feed particles in the rumen. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science 7, 303–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metzler-Zebeli, BU, Khol-Parisini, A, Gruber, L and Zebeli, Q 2015. Microbial populations and fermentation profiles in rumen liquid and solids of Holstein cows respond differently to dietary barley processing. Journal of Applied Microbiology 119, 1502–1514.Google Scholar
Mickdam, E, Khiaosa-ard, R, Metzler-Zebeli, BU, Klevenhusen, F, Chizzola, R and Zebeli, Q 2016. Rumen microbial abundance and fermentation profile during severe subacute ruminal acidosis and its modulation by plant derived alkaloids in vitro . Anaerobe 39, 4–13.Google Scholar
Mouriño, F, Akkarawongsa, R and Weimer, PJ 2001. Initial pH as a determinant of cellulose digestion rate by mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro . Journal of Dairy Science 84, 848–859.Google Scholar
Palmonari, A, Stevenson, DM, Mertens, DR, Cruywagen, CW and Weimer, PJ 2010. pH dynamics and bacterial community composition in the rumen of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 279–287.Google Scholar
Plaizier, JC, Krause, DO, Gozho, GN and McBride, BW 2008. Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: the physiological causes, incidence and consequences. The Veterinary Journal 176, 21–31.Google Scholar
Pourazad, P, Khiaosa-ard, R, Qumar, M, Wetzels, SU, Klevenhusen, F, Metzler-Zebeli, BU and Zebeli, Q 2016. Transient feeding of a concentrate-rich diet increases the severity of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science 94, 726–738.Google Scholar
Qumar, M, Khiaosa-ard, R, Pourazad, P, Wetzels, SU, Klevenhusen, F, Kandler, W, Aschenbach, JR and Zebeli, Q 2016. Evidence of in vivo absorption of lactate and modulation of short chain fatty acid absorption from the reticulorumen of non-lactating cattle fed high concentrate diets. PLoS ONE 11(10):e0164192. (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164192).Google Scholar
Tajima, K, Aminov, RI, Nagamine, T, Matsui, H, Nakamura, M and Benno, Y 2001. Diet-dependent shifts in the bacterial population of the rumen revealed with real-time PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 2766–2774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Association of German Agricultural Analytic and Research Institutes (VDLUFA) 2007. Handbuch der Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchs- und Untersuchungsmethodik (volume 3. VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt (in German).Google Scholar
Zebeli, Q, Dijkstra, J, Tafaj, M, Steingass, H, Ametaj, BN and Drochner, W 2008. Modeling the adequacy of dietary fiber in dairy cows based on the responses of ruminal pH and milk fat production to composition of the diet. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 2046–2066.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Pourazad supplementary material

Pourazad supplementary material 1

Download Pourazad supplementary material(File)
File 85.6 KB