Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T21:19:12.684Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Prediction of metabolisable energy value of broiler diets and water excretion from dietary chemical analyses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2013

B. Carré ,
M. Lessire  and
H. Juin
B. Carré*
Affiliation:
INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
M. Lessire
Affiliation:
INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
H. Juin
Affiliation:
INRA, UE1206 EASM, F-17700 Surgères, France
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Thirty various pelleted diets were given to broilers (8/diet) for in vivo measurements of dietary metabolisable energy (ME) value and digestibilities of proteins, lipids, starch and sugars from day 27 to day 31, with ad libitum feeding and total collection of excreta. Water excretion was also measured. Amino acid formulation of diets was done on the basis of ratios to crude proteins. Mean in vivo apparent ME values corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn) were always lower than the AMEn values calculated for adult cockerels using predicting equations from literature based on the chemical analyses of diets. The difference between mean in vivo AMEn values and these calculated AMEn values increased linearly with increasing amount of wheat in diets (P = 0.0001). Mean digestibilities of proteins, lipids and starch were negatively related to wheat introduction (P = 0.0001). The correlations between mean in vivo AMEn values and diet analytical parameters were the highest with fibre-related parameters, such as water-insoluble cell-walls (WICW) (r = −0.91) or Real Applied Viscosity (RAV) (r = −0.77). Thirteen multiple regression equations relating mean in vivo AMEn values to dietary analytical data were calculated, with R2 values ranging from 0.859 to 0.966 (P = 0.0001). The highest R2 values were obtained when the RAV parameter was included in independent variables. The direct regression equations obtained with available components (proteins, lipids, starch, sucrose and oligosaccharides) and the indirect regression equations obtained with WICW and ash parameters showed similar R2 values. Direct or indirect theoretical equations predicting AMEn values were established using the overall mean in vivo digestibility values. The principle of indirect equations was based on the assumption that WICW and ashes act as diluters. Addition of RAV or wheat content in variables improved the accuracy of theoretical equations. Efficiencies of theoretical equations for predicting AMEn values were almost the same as those of multiple regression equations. Water excretion was expressed either as the water content of excreta (EWC), the ratio of water excretion to feed intake (WIR) or the residual value from the regression equation relating water excretion to feed intake (RWE). The best regression predicting EWC was based on sucrose, fermentable sugars (lactose + oligosaccharides) and chloride variables, with positive coefficients. The best equations predicting WIR or RWE contained the sugar and chloride variables, with positive coefficients. Other variables appearing in these equations were AMEn or starch with negative coefficients, WICW, ‘cell-wall-retained water’, RAV or potassium with positive coefficients.

Keywords

chickendietary energyMEwater excretionprediction
Type
Nutrition
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 8 , August 2013 , pp. 1246 - 1258
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AFNOR 1985. Aliments des animaux: méthodes françaises et communautaires, 2nd edition. AFNOR, Paris.Google Scholar
Bach Knudsen, KE 1997. Carbohydrate and lignin contents of plant materials used in animal feeding. Animal Feed Science and Technology 67, 319–338.Google Scholar
Boehringer Mannheim 1980. Methods of enzymatic food analysis. Boehringer Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.Google Scholar
Bourdillon, A, Carré, B, Conan, L, Duperray, J, Huyghebaert, G, Leclercq, B, Lessire, M, McNab, J, Wiseman, J 1990a. European reference method for the in vivo determination of metabolisable energy with adult cockerels: reproducibility, effect of food intake and comparison with individual laboratory methods. British Poultry Science 31, 557–565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bourdillon, A, Carré, B, Conan, L, Francesch, M, Fuentes, M, Huyghebaert, G, Janssen, WMMA, Leclercq, B, Lessire, M, McNab, J, Rigoni, M, Wiseman, J 1990b. European reference methods of in vivo determination of metabolisable energy in poultry: reproducibility, effect of age, comparison with predicted values. British Poultry Science 31, 567–576.Google Scholar
Carré, B 2002. Carbohydrate chemistry of the feedstuffs used for poultry. In Poultry Feedstuffs: Supply, Composition and Nutritive Value, Poultry Science Symposium Series 26 (ed. J McNab and N Boorman), pp. 39–56. CAB International Publishing, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Carré, B, Brillouet, JM 1986. Yield and composition of cell wall residues isolated from various feedstuffs used for non-ruminant farm animals. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 37, 341–351.Google Scholar
Carré, B, Brillouet, JM 1989. Determination of water-insoluble cell walls in feeds: interlaboratory study. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 72, 463–467.Google Scholar
Carré, B, Prévotel, B, Leclercq, B 1984. Cell wall content as a predictor of metabolisable energy value of poultry feedingstuffs. British Poultry Science 25, 561–572.Google Scholar
Carré, B, Derouet, L, Leclercq, B 1990. The digestibility of cell wall polysaccharides from wheat (bran or whole grain) soyabean meal and white lupin meal in cockerels, Muscovy ducks and rats. Poultry Science 69, 623–633.Google Scholar
Carré, B, Beaufils, E, Melcion, JP 1991. Evaluation of protein and starch digestibilities and energy value of pelleted or unpelleted pea seeds from winter or spring cultivars in adult and young chickens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 39, 468–472.Google Scholar
Carré, B, Gomez, j, Melcion, JP, Giboulot, B 1994. La viscosité des aliments destinés à l'aviculture. Utilisation pour prédire la consommation et l'excrétion d'eau. Productions Animales 7, 369–379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carré, B, Flores, MP, Gomez, J 1995. Effects of pelleting, lactose level, polyethylene glycol 4000, and guar gum compared to pectin on growth performances, energy values and losses of lactose, lactic acid and water, in chickens. Poultry Science 74, 1810–1819.Google Scholar
Carré, B, Muley, N, Gomez, J, Oury, FX, Laffitte, E, Guillou, D, Signoret, C 2005. Soft wheat instead of hard wheat in pelleted diets results in high starch digestibility in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 46, 66–74.Google Scholar
Carré, B, Mignon-Grasteau, S, Juin, H 2008. Breeding for feed efficiency and adaptation to feed in poultry. World's Poultry Science Journal 64, 377–390.Google Scholar
Clunies, M, Leeson, S, Summers, JD 1984. In vitro estimation of apparent metabolizable energy. Poultry Science 63, 1033–1039.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eichner, G, Vieira, SL, Torres, CA, Coneglian, JLB, Freitas, DM, Oyarzabal, OA 2007. Litter moisture and footpad dermatitis as affected by diets formulated on an all-vegetable basis or having the inclusion of poultry by-product. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 16, 344–350.Google Scholar
Fisher, C, McNab, JM 1987. Techniques for determining the metabolisable energy (ME) content of poultry feeds. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition (ed. W Haresign and DJA Cole), pp. 3–18. Butterworths, Guildford, UK.Google Scholar
Francesch, M, Brufau, J 2004. Nutritional factors affecting excreta/litter moisture and quality. World's Poultry Science Journal 60, 64–75.Google Scholar
Hill, FW, Anderson, DL 1958. Comparison of metabolisable energy and productive energy determinations with growing chicks. Journal of Nutrition 64, 587–603.Google Scholar
Hooge, DM, Cummings, KR, McNaughton, JL 1999. Evaluation of sodium bicarbonate, chloride, or sulfate with a coccidiostat in corn-soy or corn-soy-meat diets for broiler chickens. Poultry Science 78, 1300–1306.Google Scholar
INRA 1984. L'alimentation des animaux monogastriques: porc, lapin, volailles (ed. JC Blum) INRA, Paris.Google Scholar
Jarrige, R 1980. Alimentation des Ruminants. INRA, Paris.Google Scholar
Jensen, LS, Martinson, R, Schumaier, G 1970. A foot pad dermatitis in turkey poults associated with soybean meal. Poultry Science 49, 76–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Karr-Lilienthal, LK, Grieshop, CM, Spears, JK, Fahey, GC 2005. Amino acid, carbohydrate, and fat composition of soybean meals prepared at 55 commercial US soybean processing plants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 53, 2146–2150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larbier, M, Leclercq, B 1992. Nutrition et alimentation des volailles. INRA, Paris.Google Scholar
Lessire, M, Leclercq, B, Conan, L, Hallouis, JM 1985. A methodological study of the relationship between the metabolizable energy values of 2 meat meals and their level of inclusion in the diet. Poultry Science 64, 1721–1728.Google Scholar
Noblet, J, Perez, JM 1993. Prediction of digestibility of nutrients and energy values of pig diets from chemical analysis. Journal of Animal Science 71, 3389–3398.Google Scholar
Pirgozliev, V, Rose, SP 1999. Net energy systems for poultry feeds: a quantitative review. World's Poultry Science Journal 55, 23–36.Google Scholar
Sibbald, IR, Czarnocki, J, Slinger, SJ, Ashton, GC 1963. The prediction of the metabolizable energy content of poultry feedingstuffs from a knowledge of their chemical composition. Poultry Science 42, 486–492.Google Scholar
Sosulski, FW, Elkowicz, L, Reichert, RD 1982. Oligosaccharides in eleven legumes and their air-classified protein and starch fractions. Journal of Food Science 47, 498–502.Google Scholar
Terpstra, K, De Hart, N 1974. The estimation of urinary nitrogen and faecal nitrogen in poultry excreta. Zeitschrift für Tierphysiologie, Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde 32, 306–320.Google Scholar
Vansoest, PJ, Robertson, JB, Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Wheeler, RS, James, EC 1950. The problem of wet poultry house litter: influence of total dietary protein and soybean meal content on water intake and urinary and fecal water elimination in growing chickens. Poultry Science 29, 496–500.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Carré Supplementary Material

Tables S1-S5 and Figure S1

Download Carré Supplementary Material(File)
File 609.3 KB