Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T08:57:11.177Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Metabolic adaptation and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows experiencing different lipolysis early postpartum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2016

E. Humer ,
A. Khol-Parisini ,
L. Gruber ,
T. Wittek ,
J. R. Aschenbach  and
Q. Zebeli
E. Humer
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
A. Khol-Parisini
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
L. Gruber
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research and Education Centre Raumberg-Gumpenstein, Institute of Livestock Research, Raumberg 38, 8952 Irdning, Austria
T. Wittek
Affiliation:
University Clinic for Ruminants, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
J. R. Aschenbach
Affiliation:
Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Free University of Berlin, Oertzenweg 19, 14163 Berlin, Germany
Q. Zebeli*
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Metabolic adaptation includes an array of concerted metabolic and endocrine events that enable dairy cows bridging the period of energy deficit at the onset of lactation. The present study evaluated metabolic, endocrine and reticuloruminal pH changes in 30 (25 Holstein and five Simmental) periparturient dairy cows experiencing variable lipolysis early postpartum. Cows were fed the same close-up and fresh lactation diets and kept in the same management conditions. Blood samples were collected at day 14, and day 4, relative to expected parturition, and at day 2, and day 21 postpartum, and serum metabolites and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as concentrations of several liver enzymes and acute phase proteins were determined. Additionally, reticuloruminal pH was monitored every 10 min over the last 3 days of the observation period. BW and milk yields were recorded and balances of energy and protein were assessed. Based on serum concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) postpartum, cows were retrospectively classified into low (n=8), medium (n=11), and high (n=11) lipolysis groups, with NEFA levels of <0.4 mmol/l, between 0.4 and 0.7 mmol/l, and >0.7 mmol/l, respectively. Overall, elevated NEFA concentrations in the High group went along with a higher ratio of NEFA to cholesterol and reduced insulin sensitivity. While serum glucose, energy deficit and BW loss did not differ, cows of the High group exhibited increased lactate concentrations in the serum, compared with the Medium group. No differences in liver enzymes and acute phase proteins were evidenced among fat mobilization groups, whereas concentration of serum billirubin was lowest in the Low group after parturition. Data of milk yield and milk energy output showed no differences among groups, despite divergences in calculated energy balance and BW change postpartum. Cows of the Low group tended to increase dry matter intake but also showed longer time duration of pH below 6.0 in the reticulorumen (on average 299 min/day compared with 99 and 91 min/day for Medium and High groups, respectively). Differences in metabolic, endocrine and reticuloruminal pH responses indicate diverse metabolic adaptation strategies of early-lactation cows to cope with energy deficit postpartum.

Keywords

transition dairy cowfat mobilizationenergy metabolismenergy balancemilk production
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 10 , Issue 11 , November 2016 , pp. 1829 - 1838
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adewuyi, AA, Gruys, E and Eerdenburg, FJCM 2005. Non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in dairy cattle. A review. Veterinary Quarterly 27, 117–126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aschenbach, JR, Kristensen, NB, Donkin, SS, Hammon, HM and Penner, GB 2010. Gluconeogenesis in dairy cows: the secret of making sweet milk from sour dough. International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Life 62, 869–877.Google Scholar
Aschenbach, JR, Penner, GB, Stumpff, F and Gäbel, G 2011. Ruminant nutrition symposium: role of fermentation acid absorption in the regulation of ruminal pH. Journal of Animal Science 89, 1092–1107.Google Scholar
Bell, AW 1995. Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. Journal of Animal Science 73, 2804–2819.Google Scholar
Bobe, G, Young, JW and Beitz, DC 2004. Invited review: pathology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 3105–3124.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y, Ferlay, A, Faulconnier, Y, Bonnet, M, Rouel, J and Bocquier, F 2000. Adipose tissue metabolism and its role in adaptations to undernutrition in ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, 127–134.Google Scholar
Cozzi, G, Ravarotto, L, Gottardo, F, Stefani, AL, Contiero, B, Moro, L, Brscic, M and Dalvit, P 2011. Short communication: reference values for blood parameters in Holstein dairy cows: effects of parity, stage of lactation, and season of production. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 3895–3901.Google Scholar
De Koster, JD and Opsomer, G 2013. Insulin resistance in dairy cows. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 29, 299–322.Google ScholarPubMed
Drackley, JK and Cardoso, FC 2014. Prepartum and postpartum nutritional management to optimize fertility in high-yielding dairy cows in confined TMR systems. Animal 8 (suppl.), 5–14.Google Scholar
Emery, RS, Liesman, JS and Herdt, TH 1992. Metabolism of long chain fatty acids by ruminant liver. Journal of Nutrition 122, 832–837.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Geelen, MJH and Wensing, T 2006. Studies on hepatic lipidosis and coinciding health and fertility problems of high-producing dairy cwos using the ‘Utrecht fatty liver model of dairy cows’. A review. Veterinary Quarterly 28, 90–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
German Society of Nutrition Physiology (GfE) 2001. Recommendations for the supply of energy and nutrients to dairy cows and heifers. Committee for requirement standards of the society of nutrition physiology (in German). DLG-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.Google Scholar
González, FD, Muiño, R, Pereira, V, Campos, R and Benedito, JL 2011. Relationship among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function during early lactation in high-yielding dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary Science 12, 251–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gruber, L, Urdl, M, Obritzhauser, W, Schauer, A, Häusler, J and Steiner, B 2014. Influence of energy and nutrient supply pre and post partum on performance of multiparous Simmental, Brown Swiss and Holstein cows in early lactation. Animal 8, 58–71.Google Scholar
Hammon, HM, Stürmer, G, Schneider, F, Tuchscherer, A, Blum, H, Engelhard, T, Genzel, A, Staufenbiel, R and Kanitz, W 2009. Performance and metabolic and endocrine changes with emphasis on glucose metabolism in high-yielding dairy cows with high and low fat content in liver after calving. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1554–1566.Google Scholar
Hayirli, A, Keisler, DH, Doepel, L and Petit, H 2011. Peripartum responses of dairy cows to prepartal feeding level and dietary fatty acid source. Journal of Dairy Science 94, 917–930.Google Scholar
Henricson, B, Jonsson, G and Pherson, B 1977. Lipid pattern, glucose concentration, and ketone body level in blood of cattle. Variations with age, stage of lactation, and between groups of half-sisters. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin A 24, 89–102.Google Scholar
Holtenius, P and Holtenius, K 2007. A model to estimate insulin sensitivity in dairy cows. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 49, 29–31.Google Scholar
Humer, E, Ghareeb, K, Harder, H, Mickdam, E, Khol-Parisini, A and Zebeli, Q 2015a. Peripartal changes in reticuloruminal pH and temperature in dairy cows differing in the susceptibility to subacute rumen acidosis. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 8788–8799.Google Scholar
Humer, E, Khol-Parisini, A, Gruber, L, Gasteiner, J, Abdel-Raheem, ShM and Zebeli, Q 2015b. Long-term reticuloruminal pH dynamics and markers of liver health in early-lactating cows fed diets differing in the processing of grain. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 6433–6448.Google Scholar
Ingvartsen, KL and Andersen, JB 2000. Integration of metabolism and intake regulation: a review focusing on periparturient animals. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 1573–1597.Google Scholar
Kessel, S, Stroehl, M, Meyer, HHD, Hiss, S, Sauerwein, H, Schwarz, FJ and Bruckmaier, RM 2008. Individual variability in physiological adaptation to metabolic stress during early lactation in dairy cows kept under equal conditions. Journal of Animal Science 86, 2903–2912.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klevenhusen, F, Pourazad, P, Wetzels, SU, Qumar, M, Khol-Parisini, A and Zebeli, Q 2014. Technical note: evaluation of a real-time wireless pH measurement system relative to intraruminal differences of digesta in dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science 92, 5635–5639.Google Scholar
McArt, JA, Nydam, DV, Oetzel, GR, Overton, TR and Ospina, PA 2013. Elevated non-esterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and their association with transition dairy cow performance. The Veterinary Journal 198, 560–570.Google Scholar
Mostafavi, M, Seifi, HA, Mohri, M and Jamshidi, A 2013. Optimal thresholds of metabolic indicators of hepatic lipidosis in dairy cows. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 164, 564–571.Google Scholar
Nelson, DL and Cox, MM 2005. Oxidation of fatty acids. In Lehninger principles of biochemistry, 4th edition (ed. DL Nelson and MM Cox), pp 600–622. Freeman, NY, USA.Google Scholar
Ospina, PA, Nydam, DV, Stokol, T and Overton, TR 2010. Evaluation of nonesterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate in transition dairy cattle in the northeastern United States: critical thresholds for prediction of clinical diseases. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 546–554.Google Scholar
Rico, JE, Bandaru, VVR, Dorskind, JM, Haughey, NJ and McFadden, JW 2015. Plasma ceramides are elevated in overweight Holstein dairy cows experiencing greater lipolysis and insulin resistance during the transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 98, 7757–7770.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
VDLUFA 2012. Handbuch der Landwirtschaftlichen Versuchs- und Untersuchungsmethodik (VDLUFA-Methodenbuch), Bd. III. Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. VDLUFA-Verlag, Darmstadt, Germany.Google Scholar
Weber, C, Hametner, C, Tuchscherer, A, Losand, B, Kanitz, E, Otten, W, Singh, SP, Bruckmaier, RM, Becker, F, Kanitz, W and Hammon, HM 2013. Variation in fat mobilization during early lactation differently affects feed intake, body condition, and lipid and glucose metabolism in high-yielding dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 96, 165–180.Google Scholar
Wille, S, Simon, A, Platen, M and Oertel, C 2010. Factors influencing the activity of liver enzymes of clinically healthy dairy cows under field conditions. Züchtungskunde 82, 155–164.Google Scholar
Zebeli, Q, Aschenbach, JR, Tafaj, M, Boguhn, J, Ametaj, BN and Drochner, W 2012. Invited review: role of physically effective fiber and estimation of dietary fiber adequacy in high-producing dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 1041–1056.Google Scholar
Zebeli, Q, Ghareeb, K, Humer, E, Metzler-Zebeli, BU and Besenfelder, U 2015. Nutrition, rumen health and inflammation in the transition period and their role on overall health and fertility in dairy cows. Research in Veterinary Science 103, 126–136.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Humer supplementary material

Figure S1

Download Humer supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 182.1 KB
Supplementary material: File

Humer supplementary material

Table S1

Download Humer supplementary material(File)
File 25.2 KB