Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T06:10:15.225Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of tannic acid application on alfalfa hay: in vitro rumen fermentation, serum metabolites and nitrogen balance in sheep

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2008

G. Getachew ,
W. Pittroff ,
E. J. DePeters ,
D. H. Putnam ,
A. Dandekar  and
S. Goyal
G. Getachew
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA
W. Pittroff
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA
E. J. DePeters*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, University of California, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA
D. H. Putnam
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA
A. Dandekar
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA
S. Goyal
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616, USA
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Alfalfa protein is poorly utilised by ruminants due to its rapid degradation in rumen. The objective of the study was to assess the influence of spraying tannic acid (TA) on chopped alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and nitrogen (N) retention by sheep. Alfalfa hay with and without TA was fed to sheep to determine nutrient digestibility and N balance. TA was sprayed on chopped alfalfa at three concentrations to determine its effect on in vitro fermentation of dry matter (DM) and N balance in sheep. Final TA concentrations were 0, 30, 60 and 90 g TA per kg DM. The control was sprayed with the same amount of water but without TA. In vitro DM degradation and the production of gas, ammonium-N (NH4-N) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) were measured. TA-sprayed alfalfa and the control were fed to sheep to determine nutrient digestibility and N retention. Addition of TA had no influence on the extent and rate of gas production but significantly decreased NH4-N concentration at 30 (P < 0.05), 60 and 90 (P < 0.0001) g/kg DM. Addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to TA-sprayed alfalfa increased NH4-N to a level comparable to non-TA-sprayed alfalfa. Spraying of alfalfa with TA significantly decreased (P < 0.05) isovalerate but did not affect the total and individual SCFA acid production. Tannic acid significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in vitro true degradability of DM (IVTD) after 24 h incubation at levels of 60 and 90 g TA per kg DM. Neutral-detergent fibre digestibility (dNDF) after 24 h (P < 0.01), 60 and 90 (P < 0.0001) g TA per kg DM. The effect of TA on either IVTD or dNDF was not significant (P > 0.05) after 48 h of incubation. There was a strong linear relationship between percentage increase in gas production due to PEG and protein precipitation capacity (R2 = 0.94). N digestibility was significantly reduced with all three levels of TA additions. However, the proportion of urine-N to total N output was reduced by adding 60 g (P < 0.05) and 90 g (P < 0.01) TA per kg DM. Serum metabolites and liver enzymes were not affected by TA (P > 0.05). Higher faecal N as the TA level increased indicates incomplete dissociation of tannin–protein complexes post ruminally. Factors affecting dissociation of tannin–protein complexes need further study.

Keywords

alfalfagas productionnitrogen retentiontannic acid
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 2 , Issue 3 , March 2008 , pp. 381 - 390
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists 2005. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International, 18th edition.AOAC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.Google Scholar
Bacon, JR, Rhodes, MJC 2000. Binding affinity of hydrolyzable tannins to parotid saliva and to proline-rich proteins derived from it. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48, 838–843.Google Scholar
Ben Salem, H, Nefzaoui, A, Ben Salem, L, Tisserand, JL 2000. Deactivation of condensed tannins in Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. foliage by polyethylene glycol in feed blocks: effect on feed intake, diet digestibility, nitrogen balance, microbial synthesis and growth by sheep. Livestock Production Science 64, 51–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben Salem, H, Ben Salem, I, Ben Said, MS 2005a. Effect of the level and frequency of PEG supply on intake, digestion, biochemical and clinical parameters by goats given kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.)-based diets. Small Ruminant Research 56, 127–137.Google Scholar
Ben Salem, H, Nefzaoui, A, Makkar, HPS, Hochlef, H, Ben Salem, I, Ben Salem, L 2005b. Effect of early experience and adaptation period on voluntary intake, digestion, and growth in Barbarine lambs given tannin-containing (Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. foliage) or tannin-free (oaten hay) diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology 122, 59–77.Google Scholar
Bennick, A 2002. Interaction of plant polyphenols with salivary proteins. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 13, 184–196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broderick, GA, Buxton, DR 1991. Genetic variation in alfalfa for ruminal protein degradability. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 71, 755–760.Google Scholar
Burkart, MR, James, DE 1999. Agricultural nitrogen contribution to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Environmental Quality 28, 850–859.Google Scholar
Carlson, RM 1978. Automated separation and conductometric determination of ammonia and dissolved carbon dioxide. Analytical Chemistry 50, 1528–1531.Google Scholar
Cheng, KJ, Jones, AG, Simpson, FJ, Bryant, MP 1969. Isolation and identification of rumen bacteria capable of anaerobic rutin degradation. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 15, 1365–1371.Google Scholar
Cooley, W 2007. Dairy producers achieve new records in 2006. Progressive Dairyman 21, 13–18.Google Scholar
Dixon, DG, Hodson, PV, Kaiser, KLE 1987. Serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity as an indicator of chemically induced liver damage in rainbow trout. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 6, 685–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domburg, P, Edwards, AC, Sinclair, AH, Chalmers, NA 2000. Assessing nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency at farm and catchment scale using nutrient budgets. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80, 1946–1952.3.0.CO;2-Q>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Driedger, A, Hatfield, EE, Garrigus, US 1969. Effect of tannic acid treated soybean meal on growth and nitrogen balance. Journal of Animal Science 29, 156.Google Scholar
Field, JA, Lettinga, G 1987. The methanogenic toxicity and anaerobic degradability of a hydrolyzable tannin. Water Research 21, 367–374.Google Scholar
France, J, Dijkstra, J, Dhanoa, MS, Lopez, A, Bannink, A 2000. Estimating the extent of degradation of ruminant feeds from a description of their gas production profiles observed in vitro: derivation of models and other mathematical considerations. The British Journal of Nutrition 83, 143–150.Google Scholar
Frutos, P, Hervas, G, Giraldez, FJ, Mantecon, AR 2004. An in vitro study on the ability of polyethylene glycol to inhibit the effect of quebracho tannins and tannic acid on rumen fermentation in sheep, goats, cows, and deer. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 55, 1125–1132.Google Scholar
Getachew, G, Makkar, HPS, Becker, K 2000. Effect of polyethylene glycol on in vitro degradability of nitrogen and microbial protein synthesis from tannin-rich browse and herbaceous legumes. The British Journal of Nutrition 84, 73–83.Google Scholar
Getachew, G, Makkar, HPS, Becker, K 2001a. Method of polyethylene glycol application to tannin-containing browses to improve microbial fermentation and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis from tannin containing browses. Animal Feed Science and Technology 92, 51–57.Google Scholar
Getachew, G, DePeters, EJ, Robinson, PH, Taylor, SJ 2001b. In vitro rumen fermentation and gas production: influence of yellow grease, tallow, corn oil and their potassium soaps. Animal Feed Science and Technology 93, 1–15.Google Scholar
Getachew, G, Makkar, HPS, Becker, K 2002. Tropical browses: Contents of phenolic compounds, in vitro gas production and stoichiometric relationship between short chain fatty acids and in vitro gas production. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 139, 341–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Getachew, G, Pittroff, W, Putnam, DH, Dandekar, A, Goyal, S and DePeters, EJ 2008. The influence of addition of gallic acid, tannic acid, or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. Animal Feed Science and Technology (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Giner-Chavez, BI, Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB, Lascano, C, Pell, AN 1997. Comparison of the precipitation of alfalfa leaf protein and bovine serum albumin by tannins in the radial diffusion method. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 74, 513–523.3.0.CO;2-B>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagerman, A 1987. Radial diffusion method for determining tannin in plant extract. Journal of Chemical Ecology 13, 437–449.Google Scholar
Hagerman, AE, Buttler, LG 1981. The specificity of proanthocyanidin–protein interactions. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 256, 4494–4497.Google Scholar
Hervas, G, Frutos, P, Serrano, E, Mantecon, AR, Giraldez, FJ 2000. Effect of tannic acid on rumen degradation and intestinal digestion of treated soya bean meals in sheep. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 135, 305–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holden, LA 1999. Comparison of methods of in vitro dry matter digestibility for ten feeds. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 1791–1794.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jones, WT, Anderson, LB, Ross, MD 1973. Bloat in cattle. Detection of protein precipitants (flavolans) in legumes. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 16, 441–446.Google Scholar
Kohn, RA, Dou, Z, Ferguson, JD, Boston, RC 1997. A sensitivity analysis of nitrogen losses from dairy farms. Journal of Environmental Management 50, 417–428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krumholz, LR, Bryant, MP 1986. Eubacterium oxidoreducens sp nov requiring H2 or formate to degrade gallate, pyrogallol, phloroglucinal and quecertin. Archives of Microbiology 144, 8–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McSweeney, CS, Palmer, B, McNeill, DM, Krause, DO 2001. Microbial interactions with tannins: nutritional consequences for ruminants. Animal Feed Science and Technology 91, 83–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makkar, HPS 2003. Effects and fate of tannins in ruminant animals, adaptation to tannins, and strategies to overcome detrimental effects of feeding tannin-rich feeds. Small Ruminant Research 49, 241–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makkar, HPS, Blümmel, M, Becker, K 1995. Formation of complexes between polyvinyl pyrrolidones or polyethylene glycol and tannins, and their implication in gas production and true digestibility in in vitro techniques. The British Journal of Nutrition 73, 897–913.Google Scholar
Martinez, TF, Moyano, FJ, Diaz, M, Barroso, FG, Alarcon, FJ 2005. Use of tannic acid to protect barley meal against ruminal degradation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 85, 1371–1378.Google Scholar
Martinez, TF, McAllister, TA, Wang, Y, Reuter, T 2006. Effects of tannic acid and quebracho tannins on in vitro ruminal fermentation of wheat and corn grain. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 86, 1244–1256.Google Scholar
Mehansho, H, Butler, LG, Carlson, DM 1987. Dietary tannins and salivary proline-rich proteins: interactions, induction and defense mechanisms. Annual Review of Nutrition 7, 423–440.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menke, KH, Steingass, H 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Science and Development 28, 7–25.Google Scholar
Mingshu, L, Kai, Y, Qiang, H, Dongying, J 2006. Biodegradation of gallotannins and ellagitannins. Journal of Basic Microbiology 46, 68–84.Google Scholar
Misselbrook, TH, Powell, JM, Broderick, GA, Grabber, JH 2005. Dietary manipulation in dairy cattle: laboratory experiments to assess the influence on ammonia emissions. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 1765–1777.Google Scholar
Mulligan, FJ, Caffrey, PJ, Rath, M, Callan, JJ, O’Mara, FP 2001. The relationship between feeding level, rumen particulate and fluid turnover rate and the digestibility of soya hulls in cattle and sheep (including a comparison of Cr-mordanted soya hulls and Cr2O3 as particulate markers in cattle. Livestock Production Science 70, 191–202.Google Scholar
Murdiati, TB, McSweeney, CS, Lowry, JB 1992. Metabolism in sheep of gallic acid, tannic acid, and hydrolysable tannin from Terminalia oblongata. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, 1307–1319.Google Scholar
National Research Council 1989. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, 6th revised edition.National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Nishimuta, JF, Ely, DG, Boling, JA 1974. Ruminal bypass of dietary soybean protein treated with heat, formalin and tannin acid. Journal of Animal Science 39, 952–957.Google Scholar
O’Mara, FP, Coyle, JE, Drennan, MJ, Young, P, Caffrey, PJ 1999. A comparison of digestibility of some concentrate feed ingredients in cattle and sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 81, 167–174.Google Scholar
Pinder, RW, Strader, R, Davidson, CI, Adams, PJ 2004. A temporally and spatially resolved ammonia emission inventory for dairy cows in the United States. Atmospheric Environment 38, 3747–3756.Google Scholar
Plumlee, KH, Johnson, B, Galey, FD 1998. Comparison of disease in calves dosed orally with oak or commercial tannic acid. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 10, 263–267.Google Scholar
Reuter, DJ, Robinson, JB, Peverill, KI, Price, GH 1986. Guidelines for collecting, handling and analyzing plant materials. In Plant analysis an interpretation manual (ed. JD Reuter and JB Robinson), pp 20–35. Inkata Press, Melbourne, Australia.Google Scholar
Robbins, CT, Mole, S, Hagerman, AE, Hanley, TA 1987. Role of tannins in defending plants against ruminants: reduction in dry matter digestion? Ecology 68, 1606–1615.Google Scholar
Robinson, PH, Mathews, MC, Fadel, JG 1999. Influence of storage time and temperature on in vitro digestion of neutral detergent fibre at 48 h, and comparison to 48 h in sacco neutral detergent fibre digestion. Animal Feed Science and Technology 80, 257–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santos, GT, Oliveira, RL, Petit, HV, Cecato, U, Zeoula, LM, Rigolon, LP, Damasceno, JC, Branco, AF, Bett, V 2000. Short communication: effect of tannic acid on composition and ruminal degradability of Bermudagrass and alfalfa silages. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 2016–2020.Google Scholar
Simpson, FJ, Jones, GA, Wolin, EA 1969. Anaerobic degradation of some bioflavanoids by microflora of the rumen. Canadian Journal of Bacteriology 15, 972–974.Google Scholar
Singh, B, Bhat, TK, Sharma, OP 2001. Biodegradation of tannic acid in an in vitro ruminal system. Livestock Production Science 68, 259–262.Google Scholar
Van Horn, HH, Newton, GL, Kunkle, WE 1996. Ruminant nutrition from an environmental perspective: factors affecting whole-farm nutrient balance. Journal of Animal Science 74, 3082–3102.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB, Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Waghorn, GC, Shelton, ID, McNabb, WC, McCutcheon, SN 1994. Effects of condensed tannins in Lotus penduculatus on its nutritive value for sheep. 2. Nitrogenous aspects. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 123, 109–119.Google Scholar
Woods, VB, Moloney, AP, Mulligan, FJ, Kenny, MJ, O’Mara, FP 1999. The effect of animal species (cattle or sheep) and level of intake by cattle on in vivo digestibility of concentrate ingredients. Animal Feed Science and Technology 80, 135–150.Google Scholar
Zhu, J, Filippich, LJ 1992. Tannic acid intoxication in sheep and mice. Research in Veterinary Science 53, 280–292.Google Scholar
Zhu, J, Filippich, LJ 1995. Rumen involvement in sheep tannic acid metabolism. Veterinary and human toxicology 37, 436–440.Google Scholar