Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T18:41:53.889Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fasting heat production and metabolic BW in group-housed broilers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 March 2015

J. Noblet ,
S. Dubois ,
J. Lasnier ,
M. Warpechowski ,
P. Dimon ,
B. Carré ,
J. van Milgen  and
E. Labussière
J. Noblet*
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000 Rennes, France
S. Dubois
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000 Rennes, France
J. Lasnier
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000 Rennes, France
M. Warpechowski
Affiliation:
Federal University of Parana, 88035 Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
P. Dimon
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000 Rennes, France
B. Carré
Affiliation:
INRA, UR83 Recherches Avicoles, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
J. van Milgen
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000 Rennes, France
E. Labussière
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590 Saint Gilles, France Agrocampus Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000 Rennes, France
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Fasting heat production (FHP) is used for characterizing the basal metabolic rate of animals and the corresponding maintenance energy requirements and in the calculation of net energy value of feeds. In broilers, the most recent FHP estimates were obtained in the 1980s in slow-growing and fatter birds than nowadays. The FHP values (n=73; six experiments) measured in 3 to 6-week-old modern lines of broilers weighing 0.6 to 2.8 kg and growing at 80 to 100 g/day were used to update these literature values. Each measurement was obtained in a group of fasting broilers (5 to 14 birds) kept in a respiration chamber for at least 24 h. The FHP estimate corresponds to the asymptotic heat production corrected for zero physical activity obtained by modeling the decrease in heat production during the fasting day. The compilation of these data indicates that FHP was linearly related to the BW0.70 (in kg), which can be considered as the metabolic BW of modern broilers. The 0.70 exponent differs from the conventional value of 0.75 used for mature animals. The FHP per kg of BW0.70 ranged between 410 and 460 kJ/day according to the experiment (P<0.01). An experiment conducted with a shorter duration of fasting (16 h) indicated that FHP values are higher than those obtained over at least 24 h of fasting. Our values are similar to those obtained previously on fatter and slow-growing birds, even though the comparison is difficult since measurement conditions and methodologies have changed during the last 30 years. The FHP values obtained in our trials represent a basis for energy nutrition of modern broilers.

Keywords

broilerenergyfasting heat productionmetabolic BWcalorimetry
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 9 , Issue 7 , July 2015 , pp. 1138 - 1144
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barea, R, Dubois, S, Gilbert, H, Sellier, P, van Milgen, J and Noblet, J 2010. Energy utilization in pigs selected for high and low residual feed intake. Journal of Animal Science 88, 2062–2072.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berman, A and Snapir, N 1965. The relation of fasting and resting metabolic rates to heat tolerance in the domestic fowl. British Poultry Science 6, 207–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carré, B, Lessire, M and Juin, H 2014. Prediction of the net energy value of broiler diets. Animal 8, 1395–1401.Google Scholar
Close, WH and Mount, LE 1975. Rate of heat loss during fasting in growing pig. British Journal of Nutrition 34, 279–290.Google Scholar
De Lange, C, van Milgen, J, Noblet, J, Dubois, S and Birkett, S 2006. Previous feeding level influences plateau heat production following a 24h fast in growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 95, 1082–1087.Google Scholar
Hoffmann, L, Klein, M and Schiemann, R 1982. Investigations of the energy maintenance requirement and of the energy requirement for protein retention in growing rats and broilers. 2. Investigations of the energy maintenance requirement of broilers. Archiv für Tiernährung 32, 305–320. (In German, English summary).Google Scholar
Johnson, RJ and Farrell, DJ 1985. Relationship between starvation heat production and body size in the domestic fowl. British Poultry Science 26, 513–517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kleiber, M 1947. Body size and metabolic rate. Physiological Review 27, 511–541.Google Scholar
Koong, LJ, Nienaber, JA, Pekas, JC and Yen, JT 1982. Effects of plane of nutrition on organ size and fasting heat production in pigs. Journal of Nutrition 112, 1638–1642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuenzel, WJ and Kuenzel, N 1977. Basal metabolic rate in growing chicks Gallus domesticus. Poultry Science 56, 619–627.Google Scholar
Labussière, E, van Milgen, J, de Lange, C and Noblet, J 2011. Maintenance energy requirements of growing pigs and calves are influenced by feeding level. Journal of Nutrition 141, 1855–1861.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Labussière, E, Dubois, S, van Milgen, J, Bertrand, G and Noblet, J 2008. Fasting heat production and energy cost of standing activity in veal calves. British Journal of Nutrition 100, 1315–1324.Google Scholar
Labussière, E, Maxin, G, Dubois, S, van Milgen, J, Bertrand, G and Noblet, J 2009. Effect of feed intake on heat production and protein and fat deposition in milk-fed veal calves. Animal 3, 557–567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzer, A 1983. Thermoneutral zone and resting metabolic rate of broilers. British Poultry Science 24, 471–476.Google Scholar
Noblet, J, Henry, Y and Dubois, S 1987. Effect of protein and lysine levels in the diet on body gain composition and energy utilization in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 65, 717–726.Google Scholar
Noblet, J, Shi, XS and Dubois, S 1994. Effect of body weight on net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72, 648–657.Google Scholar
Noblet, J, Karege, C, Dubois, S and van Milgen, J 1999. Metabolic utilization of energy and maintenance requirements in growing pigs: effect of sex and genotype. Journal of Animal Science 77, 1208–1216.Google Scholar
Noblet, J, Labussière, E, Dubois, S, de Lange, CFM, Barea, R, Lasnier, J, Rivera, V, Warpechowski, M and van Milgen, J 2013. Fasting heat production and metabolic body size in non-ruminant growing farm animals. In Energy and protein metabolism and nutrition in sustainable animal production (EAAP Publication No. 134, ed. JW Oltjen, E Kebreab and H Lapierre), pp. 313–314. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Renaudeau, D, Bocage, B and Noblet, J 2006. Influence of energy intake on protein and lipid deposition in Creole and Large White growing pigs. Animal Science 82, 937–945.Google Scholar
Rivera-Torres, V, Noblet, J, Dubois, S and van Milgen, J 2010. Dynamics of energy utilization in male and female turkeys during growth. Animal 5, 202–210.Google Scholar
Rogers, SR, Pest, GM and Johnson, RJ 1991. Influence of method of model fitting and gender on estimated parameters for the relationship between starvation heat production and body size in the domestic fowl. Growth, Development and Aging 55, 5–10.Google ScholarPubMed
Siregar, AP and Farrell, DJ 1980. A comparison of the energy and nitrogen metabolism of starved ducklings and chickens. British Poultry Science 21, 203–211.Google Scholar
van Milgen, J, Noblet, J, Dubois, S and Bernier, JF 1997. Dynamic aspects of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in swine. British Journal of Nutrition 78, 397–410.Google Scholar
van Milgen, J, Bernier, JF, Lecozler, Y, Dubois, S and Noblet, J 1998. Major determinants of fasting heat production and energetic cost of activity in growing pigs of different body weight and breed/castration combination. British Journal of Nutrition 79, 509–517.Google Scholar