Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T20:43:20.420Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluation of quality changes in udder quarter milk from cows with low-to-moderate somatic cell counts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 November 2009

L. Forsbäck ,
H. Lindmark-Månsson ,
A. Andrén  and
K. Svennersten-Sjaunja
L. Forsbäck*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
H. Lindmark-Månsson
Affiliation:
Swedish Dairy Association, Lund, Sweden
A. Andrén
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
K. Svennersten-Sjaunja
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Much emphasis has been put on evaluating alterations in milk composition caused by clinical and subclinical mastitis. However, little is known about changes in milk composition during subclinical mastitis in individual udder quarters with a low-to-moderate increase in milk somatic cell count (SCC). This information is needed to decide whether milk from individual udder quarters with a moderate-to-high increase in milk SCC should be separated or not. The aim of this study was to determine how milk composition in separate udder quarters is affected when cow composite milk has low or moderately increased SCC levels. Udder quarter and cow composite milk samples were collected from 17 cows on one occasion. Milk yield was registered and samples were analyzed for SCC, fat, total protein, whey proteins, lactose, citric acid, non-protein nitrogen (NPN), lactoferrin, protein profile, free fatty acids (FFAs), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), proteolysis, sodium and potassium. Bacteriological samples were collected twice from all four quarters of all cows. The cows were divided into three groups depending on their SCC at udder quarter level. The first group comprised healthy cows with four udder quarters with low SCC, <50 000 cells/ml; composition was equal when opposite rear and front quarters were compared. In the second and the third groups, cows had one udder quarter with 101 000 cells/ml < SCC < 600 000 cells/ml and SCC > 700 000 cells/ml, respectively. The remaining udder quarters of these cows had low SCC (<100 000 cells/ml). Despite the relatively low average cow composite SCC = 100 000 cells/ml of Group 2, milk from affected udder quarters exhibited lower casein number, content of lactose and β-casein (β-CN), while the content of whey protein, sodium, LDH and α-lactoalbumin (α-la) were higher compared to healthy opposite quarters. In addition to these changes, milk from affected udder quarters in Group 3 also exhibited lower values of potassium and αs1-casein (αs1-CN) and higher values of lactoferrin when compared to milk from opposite healthy quarters. This indicates that even when the SCC in cow composite milk is low, there might exist individual quarters for which milk composition is changed and milk quality impaired.

Keywords

dairy cowudder quarterSCCmilk composition and milk quality
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 4 , April 2010 , pp. 617 - 626
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, JC 1990. Milk synthesis and secretion rates in cows with milk composition changed by oxytocin. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 975–984.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Auldist, MJ, Coats, S, Rogers, GL, McDowell, GH 1995. Changes in the composition in milk from healthy and mastitic cow during the lactation cycle. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, 427–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auldist, MJ, Coats, S, Sutherland, BJ, Mayes, JJ, McDowell, GH, Rogers, GL 1996. Effects of somatic cell count and stage of lactation on raw milk composition and the yield and quality of Cheddar cheese. Journal of Dairy Research 63, 269–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Babaei, H, Mansouri-Najand, L, Molaei, MM, Kheradmand, A, Sharifan, M 2007. Assesment of lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in cow’s milk as an indicator of subclinical mastitis. Veterinary Research Communications 31, 419–425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barkema, HW, Schukken, YH, Lam, TJGM, Galligan, DT, Beiboer, ML, Brand, A 1997. Estimation of interdependence among quarters of the bovine udder with subclinical mastitis and implications for analysis. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1592–1599.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bastian, ED, Brown, RJ 1996. Plasmin in milk and dairy products: an update. International Dairy Journal 6, 435–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Batavani, RA, Asri, S, Naebzadeh, H 2007. The effect of subclinical mastitis on milk composition in dairy cows. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, University of Shiraz 8, 205–211.Google Scholar
Berglund, I, Petterson, G, Östensson, K, Svennersten-Sjaunja, K 2004. Frequency of individual udder quarters with elevated CMT scores in cow’s milk samples with low somatic cell counts. The Veterinary Record 155, 213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berglund, I, Petterson, G, Östensson, K, Svennersten-Sjaunja, K 2007. Quarter milking for improved detection of increased SCC. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 42, 427–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bordin, G, Raposo, FC, Calle, B, Rodriguez, AR 2001. Identification and quantification of major bovine milk protein by liquid chromotography. Journal of Chromotography 928, 63–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruckmaier, RM, Ontsouka, CE, Blum, JW 2004. Fractionized milk composition in dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. Veterinární Medicína 49, 283–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, JB, Wang, JQ, Bu, DP, Liu, GL, Zhang, CG, Wei, HY, Zhou, LY, Wang, JZ 2008. Factors affecting the lactoferrin concentration in bovine milk. Journal of Dairy Science 91, 970–976.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deeth, HC 2006. Lipoprotein lipase and lipolysis in milk. International Dairy Journal 16, 555–562.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doggweiler, R, Hess, E 1983. Zellgehalt in der Milch ungeschädigter Euter. Milchwissenschaft 38, 5–8.Google Scholar
Forsbäck, L, Lindmark-Månsson, H, Andrén, A, Åkerstedt, M, Svennersten-Sjaunja, K 2009. Udder quarter milk composition at different levels of somatic cell count in cow composite milk. Animal 3, 710–717.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Friggens, NC, Chagunda, MGG, Bjerring, M, Ridder, C, Højsgaard, S, Larsen, T 2007. Estimating degree of mastitis from time-series measurements in milk: a test of a model based on lactate dehydrogenase measurements. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 5415–5427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haenlein, GFW, Schultz, LH, Zikakis, JP 1973. Composition of protein in milk with vaying leucocyte contents. Journal of Dairy Science 56, 1017–1024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagiwara, S, Kawai, K, Anri, A, Nagahata, H 2003. Lactoferrin concentrations in milk from normal and subclinical mastitis cows. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 65, 319–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallén, E, Wedholm, A, Andrén, A, Lundén, A 2008. Effect of β-casein, κ-casein and β-lactoglobulin genotypes on concentration of milk protein variants. Journal of Animal Breeding Genetics 125, 119–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamann, J 2002. Relationships between somatic cell count and milk composition. Bullentin of the International Dairy Federation 372, 56–59.Google Scholar
Hamann, J 2003. Definition of the physiological cell count threshold based on changes in milk composition. Bulletin of the International Dairy Federation 381, 9–12.Google Scholar
Haryani, S, Datta, N, Elliott, AJ, Deeth, HC 2003. Production of proteinases by psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk stored at low temperature. The Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 58, 15–20.Google Scholar
Herd Navigator 2009. About Herd Navigator. Retrieved 14 September 2009, from http://www.herdnavigator.com/pages/id35.aspGoogle Scholar
Hiss, S, Mueller, U, Neu-Zahren, A, Sauerwein, H 2007. Haptoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase measurements in milk for the identification of subclinically diseased udder quarters. Veterinární Medicína 52, 245–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hortet, P, Seegers, H 1998. Loss in milk yield and related compositional changes resulting from clinical mastitis dairy cows. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 37, 1–20.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IDF 1993. Milk – determination of nitrogen content. In International IDF Standard 20B: 1993, Brussel.Google Scholar
Kelly, AL, Fox, PF 2006. Indigenous enzymes in milk: a synopsis of future research requirements. International Dairy Journal 16, 707–715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelly, AL, O’Flaherty, F, Fox, PF 2006. Indigenous proteolytic enzymes in milk: a brief overview of the present state of knowledge. International Dairy Journal 16, 563–572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kitchen, BJ 1981. Review of the progress of dairy science: bovine mastitis: milk compositional changes and related diagnostic tests. Journal of Dairy Research 48, 167–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laevens, H, Deluyker, H, Schukken, YH, De Meulemeester, L, Vandermeersch, R, De Muecaronlenaere, E, De Kruif, A 1997. Influence of parity and stage of lactation on the somatic cell count in bacteriologically negative dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 3219–3226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larsen, T 2005. Determination of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in milk by a fluorometric assay. Journal of Dairy Research 72, 209–216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le Roux, Y, Colin, O, Laurent, F 1995. Proteolysis in samples of quarter milk with varying somatic cell counts. 1. Comparison of some indicators of endogenous proteolysis in milk. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 1289–1297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Le Roux, Y, Laurent, F, Moussaoui, F 2003. Polymorphonuclear proteolytic activity and milk composition change. Veterinary Research 34, 629–645.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindmark-Månsson, H, Bränning, C, Aldén, G, Paulsson, M 2006. Relationship between somatic cell count, individual leukocyte populations and milk components in bovine udder quarter milk. International Dairy Journal 16, 717–727.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindqvist, B, Roos, T, Fujita, H 1975. Auto-analyzer determination of free fatty acids in farm milk. Modification of present method to simplify transportation of the sample. Milchwissenschaft 30, 12–17.Google Scholar
Ling, ER, Kon, SK, Porter, JWG 1961. The composition of milk and the nutritive value of its components. In Milk: the mammary gland and its secretion (ed. SK Kon and AT Cowie), Academic Press Inc., London.Google Scholar
Linzell, JL, Peaker, M 1972. Day-to-day variations in milk composition in the goat and cow as a guide to the detection of subclinical mastitis. British Veterinary Journal 128, 284–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ma, Y, Ryan, C, Barbano, DM, Galton, DM, Rudan, MA, Boor, KJ 2000. Effects of somatic cell count on quality and shelf-life of pasteurized fluid milk. Journal of Dairy Science 83, 264–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McSweeney, PLH, Fox, PF, Olson, NF 1995. Proteolysis of bovine caseins by cathepsin D: preliminary observations and comparision with chymosin. International Dairy Journal 5, 321–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Munro, GL, Grieve, PA, Kitchen, BJ 1984. Effects of mastitis on milk yield, milk composition, processing properties and yield and quality of milk products. The Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 39, 7–16.Google Scholar
Nielsen, NI, Larsen, T, Bjerring, M, Ingvartsen, KL 2005. Quarter health, milking interval, and sampling time during milking affect the concentration of milk constituents. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 3186–3200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Politis, I, Lachance, E, Block, E, Turner, JD 1989. Plasmin and plasminogen in bovine milk: a relationship with involution? Journal of Dairy Science 72, 900–906.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute (SAS) 2004. SAS/STAT® 9.1 User’s Guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Sordillo, LM, Shafer-Weaver, K, DeRosa, D 1997. Immunobiology of the mammary gland. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1851–1865.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spörndly, R 2003. Feed Tables for Ruminants 2003 (Fodertabeller för idisslare 2003). Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.Google Scholar
Stelwagen, K, Farr, VC, McFadden, HA 1999. Alteration of the sodium to potassium ratio in milk and the effect on milk secretion in goats. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 52–59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Urech, E, Puhan, Z, Schällibaum, M 1999. Changes in milk protein fraction as affected by subclinical mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science 82, 2402–2411.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiking, L, Frøst, MB, Larsen, LB, Nielsen, JH 2002. Effects of storage condition on lipolysis, proteolysis and sensory attributes in high quality raw milk. Milchwissenschaft 57, 190–194.Google Scholar