Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T09:21:20.808Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Energy intake in late gestation affects blood metabolites in early lactation independently of milk production in dairy cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2009

N. I. Nielsen ,
A. Hameleers ,
F. J. Young ,
T. Larsen  and
N. C. Friggens
N. I. Nielsen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark AgroTech, Institute for Agri Technology and Food Innovation, Udkaersvej 15, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
A. Hameleers
Affiliation:
Embajada Real de Dinamarca, Casilla 9860, La Paz, Bolivia
F. J. Young
Affiliation:
Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Large Park, Hillsborough, County Down, BT26 6DR, Northern Ireland, UK
T. Larsen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
N. C. Friggens*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Research Centre Foulum, PO Box 50, 8830 Tjele, Denmark INRA, UMR Physiologie de la nutrition et alimentation, Departement Sciences de la Vie et Sante, AgroParisTech, 16, rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The present experiment examined the effect of offering either a high- (H) or low- (L) energy-density diet in late gestation and early lactation on physiological parameters, body condition score (BCS) and milk production in early lactation. In all, 40 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design, where the factors were H- or L-energy density in a total mixed ration (TMR) both pre- and post-calving. Consequently, there were four treatment groups: HH, HL, LL and LH. The pre-calving treatment was initiated 100 days prior to expected calving; the H TMR was fed ad libitum whereas the L TMR was restricted to 10 kg dry matter/day during late lactation, and to approximately 75% of energy requirements from drying off until calving. Both diets were offered ad libitum post-calving. Feeding diet H compared to L pre-calving led to higher BCS at calving (2.68 v. 2.34, P < 0.01). Energy corrected milk yield and energy-intake post-calving were not affected by pre-calving diets. Changes in BCS and blood concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose in early lactation showed that cows offered diet H pre-calving generally mobilised more body reserves compared to cows offered diet L pre-calving. An interaction between pre- and post-calving diets showed that cows offered diet H pre-calving had lower body tissue mobilisation when offered diet H post-calving compared to diet L. Cows offered diet L pre-calving, did not mobilise differently whether they were offered diet H or L post-calving. The pre- and post-calving diets had no effect on liver triacylglycerol, whereas liver glycogen was higher in cows on treatment HH compared to the other three treatments. Collectively, these results indicate that overfeeding should be avoided in late gestation and that a high-energy-density diet is desirable in early lactation in order to obtain a more favourable metabolic profile.

Keywords

dairy cowstransition periodmetabolic profilebody conditiondry cow feeding
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 4 , Issue 1 , January 2010 , pp. 52 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural and Food Research Council 1993. Energy and protein requirements of ruminants. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Agenäs, S, Burstedt, E, Holtenius, K 2003. Effects of feeding intensity during the dry period. 1. Feed intake, body weight and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 870–882.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersen, JB, Larsen, T, Nielsen, MO, Ingvartsen, KL 2002a. Effect of energy density in the diet and milking frequency on hepatic long chain fatty acid oxidation in early lactating dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 49, 177–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersen, JB, Mashek, DG, Larsen, T, Nielsen, MO, Ingvartsen, KL 2002b. Effects of hyperinsulinaemia under euglycaemic condition on liver fat metabolism in dairy cows in early and mid lactation. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 49, 65–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andersen, JB, Friggens, NC, Larsen, T, Vestergaard, M, Ingvartsen, KL 2004. Effect of energy density in the diet and milking frequency on plasma metabolites and hormones in early lactating dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 51, 52–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertics, SJ, Grummer, RR, Cadorniga-Valino, C, Stoddard, EE 1992. Effect of prepartum dry matter intake on liver triglyceride concentration and early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 1914–1922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broster, WH, Broster, VJ 1998. Body score of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Research 65, 155–173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dann, HM, Litherland, NB, Underwood, JP, Bionaz, M, D’Angelo, A, McFadden, JW, Drackley, JK 2006. Diets during far-off and close-up dry periods affect periparturient metabolism and lactation in multiparous cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 3563–3577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dhiman, TR, Cadorniga, C, Satter, LD 1993. Protein and energy supplementation of high alfalfa silage diets during early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 1945–1959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doepel, L, Lapierre, H, Kennelly, JJ 2002. Peripartum performance and metabolism of dairy cows in response to prepartum energy and protein intake. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 2315–2334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douglas, GN, Overton, TR, Bateman, HG, Dann, HM, Drackley, JK 2006. Prepartal plane of nutrition, regardless of dietary energy source, affects periparturient metabolism and dry matter intake in Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 2141–2157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edmonson, AJ, Leen, IJ, Weaver, LD, Farver, T, Webster, G 1989. A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 72, 68–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garnsworthy, PC, Topps, JH 1982a. The effect of body condition of dairy cows at calving on their food intake and performance when given complete diets. Animal Production 35, 113–119.Google Scholar
Garnsworthy, PC, Topps, JH 1982b. The effects of body condition at calving, food intake and performance in early lactation on blood composition of dairy cows given complete diets. Animal Production 35, 121–125.Google Scholar
Garnsworthy, PC, Jones, GP 1993. The effects of dietary fibre and starch concentrations on the response by dairy cows to body condition at calving. Animal Production 57, 15–21.Google Scholar
Grum, DE, Drackley, JK, Younker, RS, LaCount, DW, Veenhuizen, JJ 1996. Nutrition during the dry period and hepatic lipid metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 79, 1850–1864.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grummer, RR 1995. Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow. Journal of Animal Science 73, 2820–2833.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holcomb, CS, Van Horn, HH, Head, HH, Hall, MB, Wilcox, CJ 2001. Effects of prepartum dry matter intake and forage percentage on postpartum performance of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 2051–2058.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holtenius, K, Agenäs, S, Delavaud, C, Chilliard, Y 2003. Effects of feeding intensity during the dry period. 2. Metabolic and hormonal responses. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 883–891.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ingvartsen, KL, Foldager, J, Aaes, O, Andersen, PH 1995. Effekt af foderniveau i 24 uger før kælvning på foderoptagelse, produktion og stofskifte hos kvier og køer. Forskningsrapport 47 fra Statens Husdyrbrugsforsøg 47, 60–74. Frederiksberg, Denmark.Google Scholar
Jones, GP, Garnsworthy, PC 1988. The effects of body condition at calving and dietary protein content on dry matter intake and performance in lactating dairy cows given diets of low energy content. Animal Production 47, 321–333.Google Scholar
Jones, GP, Garnsworthy, PC 1989. The effects of dietary energy content on the response of dairy cows to body condition at calving. Animal Production 49, 183–191.Google Scholar
Keady, TWJ, Mayne, CS, Fitzpatrick, DA, McCoy, MA 2001. Effect of concentrate feed level in late gestation on subsequent milk yield, milk composition and fertility of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 84, 1468–1479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Law, RA, Young, FJ, Hameleers, A, Patterson, DC, Mayne, CS 2009. Effect of precalving and postcalving dietary energy level on performance and blood metabolite concentrations of dairy cows throughout lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 1001–1012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Litherland, NB, Dann, HM, Hansen, AS, Drackley, JK 2003. Prepartum nutrient intake alters metabolism by liver slices from peripartal dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86 (suppl. 1), 105–106.Google Scholar
McMurray, CH, Blanchflower, WJ, Rice, DA 1984. Automated kinetic method for d-3-hydroxybutyrate in plasma or serum. Clinical Chemistry 30, 421–425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Minor, DJ, Trower, SL, Strang, BD, Shaver, RD, Grummer, RR 1998. Effects of nonfiber carbohydrate and niacin on periparturient metabolic status and lactation of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 189–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nachtomi, E, Halevi, A, Bruckental, I, Amir, S 1991. Energy-protein intake and its effect on blood metabolites of high producing dairy cows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, 401–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, NI, Ingvartsen, KL, Larsen, T 2003. Diurnal variation and the effect of feed restriction on plasma and milk metabolites in TMR-fed dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 50, 88–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nielsen, NI, Friggens, NC, Larsen, T, Andersen, JB, Nielsen, MO, Ingvartsen, KL 2007. Effect of changes in diet energy density on feed intake, milk yield and metabolic parameters in dairy cows in early lactation. Animal 1, 335–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Overton, TR, Waldron, MR 2004. Nutritional management of transition dairy cows: strategies to optimize metabolic health. Journal of Dairy Science 87, E105–119E.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabelo, E, Rezende, RL, Bertics, SJ, Grummer, RR 2005. Effects of pre- and postfresh transition diets varying in dietary energy density on metabolic status of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 88, 4375–4383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reid, IM, Roberts, CJ, Treacher, RJ, Williams, LA 1986. Effect of body condition at calving on tissue mobilization, development of fatty liver and blood chemistry of dairy cows. Animal Production 43, 7–15.Google Scholar
Reist, M, Erdin, D, von Euw, D, Tschuemperlin, K, Leuenberger, H, Delavaud, C, Chilliard, Y, Hammon, HM, Kuenzi, N, Blum, JW 2003. Concentrate feeding strategy in lactating dairy cows: metabolic and endocrine changes with emphasis on leptin. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 1690–1706.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rukkwamsuk, T, Wensing, T, Geelen, MJH 1998. Effect of overfeeding during the dry period on regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in dairy cows during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 2904–2911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sjaunja, LO, Baevre, L, Junkarinen, L, Pedersen, J, Setala, J 1990. A Nordic proposal for an energy corrected milk (ECM) formula. In Proceedings of the 27th biennial session of the International Committee for Animal Recording. Paris, France. pp. 156–157.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute 1999. SAS OnlineDoc®, Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Tesfa, AT, Tuori, M, Syrjälä-Qvist, L, Pösö, R, Saloniemi, H, Heinonen, K, Kivilahti, K, Saukko, T, Lindberg, LA 1999. The influence of dry period feeding on liver fat and postpartum performance of dairy cows. Animal Feed Science and Technology 76, 75–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treacher, RJ, Reid, IM, Roberts, CJ 1986. Effect of body condition at calving on the health and performance of dairy cows. Animal Production 43, 1–6.Google Scholar