Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T06:49:18.093Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of oral micellized natural vitamin E (d-α-tocopherol) v. synthetic vitamin E (dl-α-tocopherol) in feed on α-tocopherol levels, stereoisomer distribution, oxidative stress and the immune response in piglets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2014

D. Amazan ,
G. Cordero ,
C. J. López-Bote ,
C. Lauridsen  and
A. I. Rey
D. Amazan
Affiliation:
Dpto. Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
G. Cordero
Affiliation:
PigChamp Pro Europa, Carretera de San Rafael, 68, 40006 Segovia
C. J. López-Bote
Affiliation:
Dpto. Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
C. Lauridsen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
A. I. Rey*
Affiliation:
Dpto. Producción Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n., 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
† E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This study evaluated the strategy of supplementing oral micellized natural vitamin E (d-α-tocopherol) to either piglets and/or sows on α-tocopherol concentrations in piglets serum and tissues after weaning. One first experiment tested the influence of the vitamin E supplementation source (natural form in water v. the synthetic form in feed) and dose administered to piglets and/or sows on serum α-tocopherol concentration, α-tocopherol stereoisomer accumulation, antioxidant capacity and immune response of weaned piglets. A second experiment studied the effect of sow source and dose vitamin E supplementation on some of these parameters in piglets. Oral supplementation to sows with natural vitamin E as a micellized form (d-α-tocopherol) at the lowest dose produced a similar concentration of α-tocopherol in serum at days 2, 14 and 28 postpartum to those supplemented with threefold higher dose of the synthetic form in feed. At day 39 of age, neither piglet supplementation source nor dose significantly affected α-tocopherol accumulation in the serum, muscle, subcutaneous fat or liver. Those piglets from sows supplemented with the micellized alcohol form had higher RRR-α-tocopherol stereoisomers (P<0.001) and lower (P<0.001) RRS- RSS- and RSR-α-tocopherol, at day 39 of age than those from sows supplemented with the synthetic form. A predominant importance of sow over piglet vitamin E supplementation was observed on stereoisomer distribution in piglets. Low doses of oral natural vitamin E supplementation to sows or piglets did not increase the oxidative stress of piglets when compared with the use of the synthetic form in feed. Immunoglobulin levels in piglet serum at day 39 were not affected by natural vitamin E supplementation at low doses in drinking water of piglets or sows when compared with the synthetic form in feed. IgA tended to be higher (P=0.145) at day 39 in piglets supplemented with natural vitamin E when compared with those supplemented with the synthetic form. Low doses of oral micellized natural vitamin E supplementation to sows is an interesting feeding strategy, when compared with the use of high doses of the synthetic form in feed, because it results in similar α-tocopherol concentrations, allows a predominant –R stereoisomer distribution in piglets and also maintains their oxidative status in vivo.

Keywords

immune responsemicellized natural α-tocopheroloxidative statussows and pigletsstereoisomers
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 8 , Issue 3 , March 2014 , pp. 410 - 419
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amazan, D, Rey, AI, Fernandez, E and López-Bote, CJ 2012. Natural vitamin E (d-α-tocopherol) supplementation in drinking water prevents oxidative stress in weaned piglets. Livestock Science 145, 55–62.Google Scholar
Babinszky, L, Langhout, DJ, Verstegen, MWA, den Hartog, LA, Joling, P and Nieuwland, M 1991. Effect of vitamin E and fat source in sows’ diets on immune response of suckling and weaned piglets. Journal of Animal Science 69, 1833–1842.Google Scholar
Benzie, IFF and Strain, JJ 1999. Ferric reducing (antioxidant) power as a measure of antioxidant capacity. The FRAP assay. In Oxidative and antioxidants: a volume of methods in enzymology (ed. L Packer), pp. 15–27. Academic Press, Orlando, FL.Google Scholar
Bondo, T and Jensen, SK 2011. Administration of RRR-alpha-tocopherol to pregnant mares stimulates maternal IgG and IgM production in colostrum and enhances vitamin E and IgM status in foals. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 95, 214–222.Google Scholar
Bonnette, ED, Kornegay, ET, Lindemann, MD and Hammerberg, C 1990. Humoral and cell-mediated immune response and performance of weaned pigs fed four supplemental vitamin E levels and housed at two nursery temperatures. Journal of Animal Science 68, 1337–1345.Google Scholar
Bourne, FJ and Curtis, J 1973. The transfer of immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM form serum to colostrums and milk in the sow. Immunology 24, 157–160.Google Scholar
Brigelius-Flohé, R and Traber, MG 1999. Vitamin E: function and metabolism. FASEB J 13, 1145–1155.Google Scholar
Buege, JA and Aust, SD 1978. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods in Enzymology 52, 302–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Butriss, JL and Diplock, AT 1984. High-performance liquid chromatography methods for vitamin E in tissues. Methods in Enzymology 105, 131–138.Google Scholar
Chung, YK, Mahan, DC and Lepine, AJ 1992. Efficacy of dietary d-alpha-tocopherol and dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate for weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science 70, 2485–2494.Google Scholar
Debier, C 2007. Vitamin E during pre- and postnatal periods. In Vitamins and Hormones (ed. G, Litwack), pp. 357–373. Elsevier, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
Fragou, S, Fegeros, K, Xylouri, E, Baldi, A and Politis, I 2004. Effect of vitamin E supplementation on various functional properties of macrophages and neutrophils obtained from weaned piglets. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 51, 178–183.Google Scholar
Hacisevki, A, Torun, M and Cengel, A 2012. Effect of short-term alpha-tocopherol supplementation on biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence in subjects with angina pectoris. Oxidation Communications 35, 128–137.Google Scholar
Halliwell, B 1994. Free radicals and antioxidants: a personal view. Nutrition Reviews 52, 253–265.Google Scholar
Hamilton, IMJ, William, SG, Benzie, IFF, Mulholland, CW and Strain, JJ 2000. Interactions between vitamins C and E in human subjects. British Journal of Nutrition 84, 261–267.Google Scholar
Hiridoglou, M, Farnworth, E and Butler, G 1993. Effects of vitamin E and fat supplementation on concentration of vitamin E in plasma and milk of sows and in plasma of piglets. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 63, 180–187.Google Scholar
Hidiroglou, M, Batra, TR, Farnworth, ER and Markham, F 1995. Effect of vitamin-E supplementation on immune status and alpha-tocopherol in plasma of piglets. Reproduction Nutrition Development 35, 443–450.Google Scholar
Hoppe, PP and Krennrich, G 2000. Bioavailability and potency of natural-source and all-racemic alpha-tocopherol in the human: a dispute. European Journal of Nutrition 39, 183–193.Google Scholar
Hosomi, A, Arita, M, Sato, Y, Kiyose, C, Ueda, T, Igarashi, O, Arai, H and Inoue, K 1997. Affinity for alpha-tocopherol transfer protein as a determinant of the biological activities of vitamin E analogs. FEBS Letter 409, 105–108.Google Scholar
Lauridsen, C and Jensen, SK 2005. Influence of supplementation of all-rac-α−tocopheryl acetate preweaning and vitamin C postweaning on α-tocopherol and immune response of piglets. Journal of Animal Science 83, 1274–1286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lauridsen, C, Engel, H, Jensen, SK, Craig, AM and Traber, MG 2002. Lactating sows and suckling piglets preferentially incorporate RRR- over all-rac-α-tocopherol into milk, plasma and tissues. Journal of Nutrition 132, 1258–1264.Google Scholar
Mahan, DC 1991. Assessment of the influence of dietary vitamin E on sows and offspring in three parities: reproductive performance, tissue tocopherol, and effects on progeny. Journal of Animal Science 69, 2904–2917.Google Scholar
Mahan, DC, Kim, YY and Stuart, RI 2000. Effect of vitamin E sources (RRR- or all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) and levels on sow reproductive performance, serum, tissue, and milk α-tocopherol contents over a five-parity period, and the effects on the progeny. Journal of Animal Science 78, 110–119.Google Scholar
Moreira, I and Mahan, DC 2002. Effect of dietary levels of vitamin E (all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) with and without added fat on weanling pig performance and tissue α-tocopherol concentration. Journal of Animal Science 80, 663–669.Google Scholar
Nemec, M, Butler, G, Hidiroglou, M, Farnworth, ER and Nielsen, K 1994. Effect of supplementing gilts’ diets with different levels of vitamin E and different fats on the humoral and cellular immunity of gilts and their progeny. Journal of Animal Science 72, 665–676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pagan, JD, Kane, E and Nash, D 2005. Form and source of tocopherol affects vitamin E status in Thoughbred horses. Pferdeheilkunde 21, 101–102.Google Scholar
Peplowski, MA, Mahan, DC, Murray, FA, Moxon, AL, Cantor, AH and Ekstrom, KE 1981. Effect of dietary and injectable vitamin E and Se in weanling swine antigenically challenged with sheep red blood cells. Journal of Animal Science 51, 344–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinelli-Saavedra, A, Calderón de la Barca, AM, Hernández, J, Valenzuela, R and Scaife, JR 2008. Effect of supplementing sows’ feed with α-tocopherol acetate and vitamin C on transfer of α-tocopherol to piglet tissues, colostrum, and milk: aspects of immune status of piglets. Research in Veterinary Science 85, 92–100.Google Scholar
Pumfrey, WM, Deyonge, KG, Slusark, JA, Garber, MJ, Roeder, RA, Sanchez, WK and Schelling, GT 1993. Absorption of various forms of vitamin E from the digestive track and transfer across the mammary gland in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 71, 256. (abstract).Google Scholar
Rey, AI, Daza, A, López-Carrasco, C and López-Bote, CJ 2006. Quantitative study of the alpha- and gamma-tocopherols accumulation in muscle and backfat from Iberian pigs kept free-range as affected by time of free-range feeding or weight gain. Animal Science 82, 901–908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shakardi-Nagy, E, Meng-Chuan, H, Guan-Yeu, D, Kirwan, R, Chueh Chao, A, Tschanz, C and Brenna, JT 2003. Long chain polyunsaturated supplementation does not induce excess lipid peroxidation of piglet tissue. European Journal of Nutrition 42, 293–296.Google Scholar
Stone, WL, LeClair, I, Ponde, T, Baggs, G and Reis, BB 2003. Infants discriminate between natural and synthetic vitamin E. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77, 899–906.Google Scholar
Van Zoeren-Grobben, D, Lindeman, JD, Houdkamp, E, Brand, R, Schrijver, J and Berger, HM 1994. Postnatal changes in plasma chain-breaking antioxidants in healthy preterm infants fed formula and/or human milk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 60, 900–906.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilburn, EE, Mahan, DC, Hill, DA, Shipp, TE and Yang, H 2008. An evaluation of natural (RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate) and synthetic (all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate) vitamin E fortification in the diet or drinking water of weanling pigs. Journal of Animal Science 86, 584–591.Google Scholar
Yang, H, Mahan, DC, Hill, DA, Shipp, TE, Radke, TR and Cecava, MJ 2009. Effect of vitamin E source, natural versus synthetic, and quantity on serum and tissue α-tocopherol concentrations in finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science 87, 4057–4063.Google Scholar