Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T17:36:48.306Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of long period feeding pistachio by-product silage on chewing activity, nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation parameters of Holstein male calves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 July 2014

P. Shakeri ,
A. Riasi  and
M. Alikhani
P. Shakeri*
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 84156/83111, Isfahan, Iran
A. Riasi
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 84156/83111, Isfahan, Iran
M. Alikhani
Affiliation:
Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, PO Box 84156/83111, Isfahan, Iran
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of pistachio by-product silage (PBPS) as a partial replacement for corn silage (CS) on chewing activity, nutrients digestibility and ruminal fermentation parameters in Holstein male calves over a 6-month assay. For this purpose, 24 Holstein male calves (4 to 5 months of age and 155.6±13.5 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of the four dietary treatments (n=6). In these treatments, CS was substituted with different levels of PBPS (0%, 6%, 12% and 18% of dry matter (DM)). Nutrient digestibility was measured at the end of the experimental period (days 168 to 170). Ruminal fermentation parameters were determined on days 90 and 180 and chewing activity was determined on days 15 of the 3rd and 6th month of the experiment. Results showed that calves fed rations containing 6% PBPS spent more time ruminating (P<0.05) than the control group on the 3rd and 6th months. Feeding PBPS was found to have no effects on DM, organic matter (OM), ether extract or ash digestibility, but apparent digestibility of CP, NDFom and ADFom linearly decreased (P<0.01) with increasing substitutions. On days 90 and 180, ruminal concentrations of volatile fatty acids and NH3–N linearly decreased (P<0.01) with increasing levels of PBPS in the diets; however, ruminal pH and molar proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate were similar across the treatments. It was concluded that partial substitution of CS with PBPS (6% or 12%) would have no adverse effects on nutrient digestibility, total chewing activity and ruminal fermentation parameters.

Keywords

pistachiotannincalvesdigestibilityVFA
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 8 , Issue 11 , November 2014 , pp. 1826 - 1831
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Bagheripour, E, Rozbehan, Y and Alipour, D 2008. Effect of ensiling, air-drying and addition of polyethylene glycol on in vitro gas production of pistachio by-products. Animal Feed Science and Technology 146, 327–336.Google Scholar
Barry, TN and Manley, TR 1986. Interrelationships between the concentrations of total condensed tannin, free condensed tannin and lignin in Lotus sp. and other possible consequences in ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 37, 248–254.Google Scholar
Beauchemin, KA, McGinn, SM, Martinez, TF and McAllister, TA 2007. Use of condensed tannin extract from quebracho trees to reduce methane emissions from cattle. Journal of Animal Science 85, 1990–1996.Google Scholar
Bohluli, A, Naserian, AA, Valizadeh, R and Eftekhar Shahrodi, F 2009. The effects of pistachio by-product on apparent digestibility, chewing activity and performance of early lactation Holstein cows diets. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources 13, 155–165.Google Scholar
Broderick, GA and Kang, JH 1980. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 64–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2012. Agricultural production stats. Retrieved 10 October, 2013, from http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor Google Scholar
Frutos, P, Hervas, G, Giraldez, FJ and Mantecon, AR 2004. Review: tannins and ruminant nutrition. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 2, 191–202.Google Scholar
Geishauser, T 1993. An instrument for collection and transfer of ruminal fuid and or administration of water soluble drugs in adult cattle. Bovine Practitioner 27, 38–42.Google Scholar
Gholizadeh, H, Naserian, AA, Valizadeh, R and Tahmasbi, AM 2010. Effect of feeding pistachio by-product on performance and blood metabolites in Holstein dairy cows. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 12, 867–870.Google Scholar
Grant, R 2010. Forage fragility, fiber digestibility, and chewing response in dairy cattle. Proceedings of Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, Fort Wayne, The Ohio State University, Columbus, pp. 27–40.Google Scholar
Krause, KM, Combs, DK and Beauchemin, KA 2002. Effects of forage particle size and grain fermentability in mid lactation dairy cows. II. Ruminal pH and chewing activity. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 1947–1957.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruegera, WK, Gutierrez-Banuelos, H, Carstens, GE, Min, BR, Pinchak, WE, Gomez, RR, Anderson, RC, Krueger, NA and Forbes, TDA 2010. Effects of dietary tannin source on performance, feed efficiency, ruminal fermentation, and carcass and non-carcass traits in steers fed a high-grain diet. Animal Feed Science and Technology 159, 1–9.Google Scholar
Licitra, G, Hernandez, TM and Van Soest, PJ 1996. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 51, 347–358.Google Scholar
Makkar, HPS 2003. Quantification of tannins in tree and shrub foliage: a laboratory manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/International Atomic Energy Agency. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.Google Scholar
Min, BR, Barry, TN, Attwood, GT and McNabb, WC 2003. The effect of condensed tannins on the nutrition and health of ruminants fed fresh temperate forages: a review. Animal Feed Science and Technology 106, 3–19.Google Scholar
Mokhtarpour, A, Naserian, AA, Tahmasbi, AM and Valizadeh, R 2012. Effect of feeding pistachio by-products silage supplemented with polyethylene glycol and urea on Holstein dairy cows performance in early lactation. Livestock Science 148, 208–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council 1989. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle, 9th revised edition, pp. 82–112. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Patra, AK and Saxena, J 2011. Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 91, 24–37.Google Scholar
Patra, AK, Kamar, DN and Agarwal, N 2006. Effect of plant extracts on in vitro methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feed in rumen liquor of buffalo. Animal Feed Science and Technology 128, 276–291.Google Scholar
Playne, MJ 1985. Determination of ethanol, volatile fatty acids, lactic and succinic acids in fermentation liquids by gas chromatography. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 36, 638–644.Google Scholar
Playne, MJ and McDonald, P 1966. The buffering constituents of herbage of silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 17, 164–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS 2003. SAS user’s guide statistics. Version 9.1 edition. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Shakeri, P and Fazaeli, H 2007. Study on the use of different levels of pistachio by-product in diets of fattening lambs. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science 38, 529–538.Google Scholar
Shakeri, P, Riasi, A, Alikhani, M, Fazaeli, H and Ghorbani, GR 2013. Effects of feeding pistachio by-products silage on growth performance, serum metabolites and urine characteristics in Holstein male calves. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 97, 1022–1029.Google Scholar
Vahmani, P, Naserian, AA, Valizadea, R and Nasirimoghadam, H 2006. Nutritive value of pistachio by-products and their effects on Holstein cows in mid lactation. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 20, 201–210.Google Scholar
Van Keulen, V and Young, BH 1977. Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies. Journal of Animal Science 26, 119–135.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA 1991. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharide in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Zebeli, Q, Tafaj, M, Steingass, H, Metzler, B and Drochner, W 2006. Effects of physically effective fiber on digestive processes and milk fat content in early lactating dairy cows fed total mixed rations. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 651–668.Google Scholar