Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T09:27:45.813Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of feeding finisher pigs with chicory or lupine feed for one week or two weeks before slaughter with respect to levels of Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2012

A. N. Jensen ,
L. L. Hansen ,
D. L. Baggesen  and
L. Mølbak
A. N. Jensen*
Affiliation:
Division of Microbiology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark
L. L. Hansen
Affiliation:
Department of Food Science, Research Centre Foulum, University of Aarhus, Blichers Allé, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
D. L. Baggesen
Affiliation:
Division of Microbiology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark
L. Mølbak
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Diagnostics and Research, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This study aimed to assess whether inclusion of chicory or lupine (prebiotics) in the diet of pre-slaughter pigs for just 1 or 2 weeks could change the composition of their intestinal microbiota, stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and help to lower the amount of thermoplilic Campylobacter spp. (mainly Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli), which are a major cause of food-borne infections in humans. A total of 48 pigs that had an initial live weight of 90 kg were fed with either a lupine (organic concentrate with 25% blue lupine seeds), chicory (organic concentrate with 10% dried chicory roots) or control (100% organic concentrate) diet for 1 week (24 pigs) or 2 weeks (24 pigs) before slaughter. The Campylobacter spp. level in rectal faecal samples after 0, 1 and 2 weeks of feeding and in the luminal content from ileum, caecum and colon at slaughter was determined by direct plating on modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar plates. DNA extracted from the luminal content of distal ileum and caecum was used for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the composition of intestinal microbiota and for measuring the amount of bifidobacterial and total bacterial DNA by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Campylobacter spp. were excreted by all pigs and present in the luminal content from distal ileum to midway colon with particularly high numbers in the caecum, but the excretion was reduced by 10-fold in pigs fed lupines for 1 week as compared with control- and chicory-fed pigs (mean log10 2.9 v. 4.1 CFU/g; P < 0.05). The qPCR analysis showed that feeding with lupines resulted in higher levels of bifidobacteria in caecum as compared with the other diets (P < 0.05). T-RFLP analysis showed that four of the most abundant bacteria with terminal restriction fragment values >5% relative to the intensity of total abundance differed between the feed treatments (P < 0.05). Therefore, this study showed that even a short-term alternative feeding strategy with prebiotics in the diet of pre-slaughter pigs elicited changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, where lupine increased the level of bifidobacteria in caecum and reduced the Campylobacter spp. excretion level after 1 week.

Keywords

bifidobacteriaCampylobactermicrobiotapathogen controlprebiotic
Type
Nutrition
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 1 , January 2013 , pp. 66 - 74
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anonymous 2009. Annual Report on Zoonoses in Denmark 2008. National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark. Retrieved May 21, 2012, from http://www.food.dtu.dk/English/Publications/Food_safety.aspxGoogle Scholar
Alter, T, Gaull, F, Kasimir, S, Gurtler, M, Mielke, H, Linnebur, M, Fehlhaber, K 2005. Prevalences and transmission routes of Campylobacter spp. strains within multiple pig farms. Veterinary Microbiology 108, 251–261.Google Scholar
Baurhoo, B, Ferket, PR, Zhao, X 2009. Effects of diets containing different concentrations of mannanoligosaccharide or antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal development, cecal and litter microbial populations, and carcass parameters of broilers. Poultry Science 88, 2262–2272.Google Scholar
Berends, BR, van Knapen, F, Mossel, DA, Burt, SA, Snijders, JM 1998. Impact on human health of Salmonella spp. on pork in The Netherlands and the anticipated effects of some currently proposed control strategies. International Journal of Food Microbiology 44, 219–229.Google Scholar
Boes, J, Nielsen, EM, Sørensen, AH, Baggesen, DL 2005. Campylobacter forekomst hos slagtesvin – fra besætning til slagtekrop [Occurrence of Campylobacter in slaughter pigs – from herd to carcass]. Meddelelse 714, 1–8.Google Scholar
Bosscher, D, Loo, JV, Franck, A 2006. Inulin and oligofructose as prebiotics in the prevention of intestinal infections and diseases. Nutrition Research Reviews 19, 216–226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Candela, M, Maccaferri, S, Turroni, S, Carnevali, P, Brigidi, P 2010. Functional intestinal microbiome, new frontiers in prebiotic design. International Journal of Food Microbiology 140, 93–101.Google Scholar
Delroisse, JM, Boulvin, AL, Parmentier, I, Dauphin, RD, Vandenbol, M, Portetelle, D 2008. Quantification of Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. in rat faecal samples by real-time PCR. Microbiological Research 163, 663–670.Google Scholar
Flickinger, EA, van Loo, J, Fahey, GC Jr 2003. Nutritional responses to the presence of inulin and oligofructose in the diets of domesticated animals: a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 43, 19–60.Google Scholar
Gibson, GR, Roberfroid, MB 1995. Dietary modulation of the human colonic Microbiota – introducing the concept of prebiotics. Journal of Nutrition 125, 1401–1412.Google Scholar
Gibson, GR, Wang, X 1994. Regulatory effects of bifidobacteria on the growth of other colonic bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 77, 412–420.Google Scholar
Grizard, D, Barthomeuf, C 1999. Non-digestible oligosaccharides used as prebiotic agents: mode of production and beneficial effects on animal and human health. Reproduction Nutrition Development 39, 563–588.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen, LL, Nielsen, SS, Jensen, JA, Henckel, P, Hansen-Møller, J, Syriopoulos, K, Byrne, DV 2008. Effect of feeding fermentable fibre-rich feedstuffs on meat quality with emphasis on chemical and sensory boar taint in entire male and female pigs. Meat Science 80, 1165–1173.Google Scholar
Harvey, RB, Anderson, RC, Young, CR, Swindle, MM, Genovese, KJ, Hume, ME, Droleskey, RE, Farrington, LA, Ziprin, RL, Nisbet, DJ 2001. Effects of feed withdrawal and transport on cecal environment and Campylobacter concentrations in a swine surgical model. Journal of Food Protection 64, 730–733.Google Scholar
Howard, MD, Gordon, DT, Pace, LW, Garleb, KA, Kerley, MS 1995. Effects of dietary supplementation with fructooligosaccharides on colonic microbiota populations and epithelial cell proliferation in neonatal pigs. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 21, 297–303.Google Scholar
Hütt, P, Shchepetova, J, Lõivukene, K, Kullisaar, T, Mikelsaar, M 2006. Antagonistic activity of probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria against entero- and uropathogens. Journal of Applied Microbiology 100, 1324–1332.Google Scholar
Jensen, AN, Dalsgaard, A, Baggesen, DL, Nielsen, EM 2006. The occurrence and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli in organic pigs and their outdoor environment. Veterinary Microbiology 116, 96–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, AN, Andersen, MT, Dalsgaard, A, Baggesen, DL, Nielsen, EM 2005. Development of real-time PCR and hybridization methods for detection and identification of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in pig faecal samples. Journal of Applied Microbiology 99, 292–300.Google Scholar
Jensen, AN, Mejer, H, Mølbak, L, Langkjær, M, Jensen, TK, Angen, Ø, Martinussen, T, Klitgaard, K, Baggesen, DL, Thamsborg, SM, Roepstorff, A 2011. The effect of a diet with fructan-rich chicory roots on intestinal helminths and microbiota with special focus on Bifidobacteria and Campylobacter in piglets around weaning. Animal 5, 851–860.Google Scholar
Jørgensen, H, Zhao, XQ, Eggum, BO 1996. The influence of dietary fibre and environmental temperature on the development of the gastrointestinal tract, digestibility, degree of fermentation in the hind-gut and energy metabolism in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 75, 365–378.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kapperud, G, Skjerve, E, Bean, NH, Ostroff, SM, Lassen, J 1992. Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infections: results of a case-control study in southeastern Norway. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 30, 3117–3121.Google Scholar
Leser, TD, Amenuvor, JZ, Jensen, TK, Lindecrona, RH, Boye, M, Møller, K 2002. Culture-independent analysis of gut bacteria: the pig gastrointestinal tract microbiota revisited. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, 673–690.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ley, RE, Hamady, M, Lozupone, C, Turnbaugh, PJ, Ramey, RR, Bircher, JS, Schlegel, ML, Tucker, TA, Schrenzel, MD, Knight, R, Gordon, JI 2008. Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science 320, 1647–1651.Google Scholar
Macy, JM, Probst, I 1979. The biology of gastrointestinal bacteroides. Annual Review of Microbiology 33, 561–594.Google Scholar
Malakauskas, M, Jørgensen, K, Nielsen, EM, Ojeniyi, B, Olsen, JE 2006. Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from a pig slaughterhouse and analysis of cross-contamination. International Journal of Food Microbiology 108, 295–300.Google Scholar
Martinez-Villaluenga, C, Frias, J, Vidal-Valverde, C, Gomez, R 2005. Raffinose family of oligosaccharides from lupine seeds as prebiotics: application in dairy products. Journal of Food Protection 68, 1246–1252.Google Scholar
Mølbak, L, Thomsen, LE, Jensen, TK, Bach Knudsen, KE, Boye, M 2007. Increased amount of Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum and Megasphaera elsdenii in the colonic microbiota of pigs fed a swine dysentery preventive diet containing chicory roots and sweet lupine. Journal of Applied Microbiology 103, 1853–1867.Google Scholar
Neimann, J, Engberg, J, Mølbak, K, Wegener, HC 2003. A case-control study of risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infections in Denmark. Epidemiology and Infection 130, 353–366.Google Scholar
Palmer, C, Bik, EM, DiGiulio, DB, Relman, DA, Brown, PO 2007. Development of the human infant intestinal microbiota. PLoS Biology 5, e177.Google Scholar
Pezzotti, G, Serafin, A, Luzzi, I, Mioni, R, Milan, M, Perin, R 2003. Occurrence and resistance to antibiotics of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in animals and meat in northeastern Italy. International Journal of Food Microbiology 82, 281–287.Google Scholar
Ricca, DM, Ziemer, CJ, Kerr, BJ 2010. Changes in bacterial communities from swine faeces during continuous culture with starch. Anaerobe 16, 516–521.Google Scholar
Schoeni, JL, Wong, ACL 1994. Inhibition of Campylobacter jejuni colonization in chicks by defined competitive exclusion bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 60, 1191–1197.Google Scholar
Shyu, C, Soule, T, Bent, SJ, Foster, JA, Forney, LJ 2007. MiCA: a web-based tool for the analysis of microbial communities based on terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphisms of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. Microbial Ecology 53, 562–570.Google Scholar
Tam, CC, O'Brien, SJ, Adak, GK, Meakins, SM, Frost, JA 2003. Campylobacter coli – an important foodborne pathogen. Journal of Infection 47, 28–32.Google Scholar
Thomsen, LE, Knudsen, KE, Jensen, TK, Christensen, AS, Møller, K, Roepstorff, A 2007. The effect of fermentable carbohydrates on experimental swine dysentery and whip worm infections in pigs. Veterinary Microbiology 119, 152–163.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varel, VH, Yen, JT 1997. Microbial perspective on fiber utilization by swine. Journal of Animal Science 75, 2715–2722.Google Scholar
Weijtens, MJ, Bijker, PG, van der Plas, PJ, Urlings, HA, Biesheuvel, MH 1993. Prevalence of Campylobacter in pigs during fattening; an epidemiological study. The Veterinary Quarterly 15, 138–143.Google Scholar
Wong, TL, Hollis, L, Cornelius, A, Nicol, C, Cook, R, Hudson, JA 2007. Prevalence, numbers, and subtypes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in uncooked retail meat samples. Journal of Food Protection 70, 566–573.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Jensen supplementary material

Jensen supplementary material

Download Jensen supplementary material(File)
File 52.2 KB