Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T04:29:35.571Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of bovine mammary gland biopsy and increased milking frequency on post-procedure udder health, histology, and milk yield

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 November 2015

J. A. M. Lima ,
J. R. M. Ruas ,
A. C. Vasconcelos ,
B. F. Silper ,
A. M. Q. Lana ,
V. A. Gheller ,
H. M. Saturnino ,
R. B. Reis  and
S. G. Coelho
J. A. M. Lima*
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos POBox 567, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30123-970, Brazil
J. R. M. Ruas
Affiliation:
Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais - EPAMIG, Campo Experimental de Felixlândia, Avenida Perimetral, Zona Rural, Felixlândia, MG CEP 35794-000, Brazil
A. C. Vasconcelos
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos POBox 567, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30123-970, Brazil
B. F. Silper
Affiliation:
Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4
A. M. Q. Lana
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos POBox 567, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30123-970, Brazil
V. A. Gheller
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos POBox 567, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30123-970, Brazil
H. M. Saturnino
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos POBox 567, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30123-970, Brazil
R. B. Reis
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos POBox 567, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30123-970, Brazil
S. G. Coelho
Affiliation:
School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), 6627 Avenida Antônio Carlos POBox 567, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG CEP 30123-970, Brazil
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Sixteen cows in early lactation were randomly distributed into two groups in order to evaluate the effects of mammary biopsies and increased milking frequency on tissue characteristics, post-biopsy udder health and histology. One group was milked twice a day (2×) starting on the 2nd day after calving, until 28 days in milk (DIM). The other group was milked four times a day (4×) from two to 21 DIM, and twice a day (2×) from 22 to 28 DIM. On days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28 postpartum, one fragment of secretory tissue was collected from one mammary quarter at a time. Collections were alternated between the four mammary quarters per collection day. A total of 80 mammary tissue samples were collected. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the tissues were conducted by histologic examination. Animal health was assessed by observation of feed intake behavior immediately after biopsy, and weight and body condition score before and one week after biopsy. Udder health was assessed daily from calving to 60 DIM with California Mastitis Test (CMT) and by noting alterations in the milk such as blood, milk clots, blood clots, clinical signs of mastitis. Milk composition and somatic cell count (SCC) were analyzed before and after the biopsies. Milk production was evaluated before biopsy, on the day of biopsy, and after the biopsy. An average of 10 fields at 40× magnification was obtained from each sample. There were no evident changes in mammary morphology as a result of milking two or four times/day at any of the evaluated time points. Biopsy wounds healed rapidly without infection. Intramammary bleeding and CMT alterations were observed in 96% and 75% of the biopsied mammary quarters, respectively. Clinical mastitis was diagnosed in 12% of the biopsied quarters. Different milking frequencies had no effect on the frequency and duration of post-biopsy alterations. Milk production decreased after biopsies done on days 2 for 2× and 4× groups, but it returned to pre-biopsy values within 1 day. Milk composition and SCC were affected transiently. Increased milking frequency did not influence udder health. Post-biopsy recovery was rapid and the procedure proved effective without damaging the cows’ health.

Keywords

SCCcowhistology
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 10 , Issue 5 , May 2016 , pp. 838 - 846
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Annen, EL, Fitzgerald, AC, Gentry, PC, McGuire, MA, Capuco, AV, Baumgard, LH and Collier, RJ 2007. Effect of continuous milking and bovine somatrotopin supplementation on mammary epithelial cell turnover. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 165–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akers, RM, Capuco, AV and Keys, JE 2006. Mammary histology and alveolar cell differentiation during late gestation and early lactation in mammary tissue of beef and dairy heifers. Livestock Science 105, 44–49.Google Scholar
Akers, RM, Heald, CW, Bibb, TL and McGilliard, ML 1977. Effect of prepartum milk removal on quantitative morphology of bovine lactogenesis. Journal of Dairy Science 60, 1273–1282.Google Scholar
Dahl, GE, Wallace, RL, Shanks, RD and Lueking, D 2004. Hot topic: effects of frequent milking in early lactation on milk yield and udder health. Journal of Dairy Science. 87, 882–885.Google Scholar
Edmonson, AJ, Lean, IJ, Weaver, LD, Farver, T and Webster, G 1989. A body condition scoring chart for Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 72, 68–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farr, VC, Stelwagen, K, Cate, LR, Molenaar, AJ, McFadden, TB and Davis, SR 1996. An improved method for the routine biopsy of bovine mammary tissue. Journal of Dairy Science 79, 543–549.Google Scholar
Hale, SA, Capuco, AV and Erdman, RA 2003. Milk yield and mammary growth effects due to increased milking frequency during early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 2061–2071.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harmon, RJ 1994. Physiology of mastitis and factors affecting somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science 77, 2103–2112.Google Scholar
Holst, BD, Hurley, WL and Nelson, DR 1987. Involution of the bovine mammary gland: histological and ultrastructural changes. Journal of Dairy Science 70, 935–944.Google Scholar
Leininger, PJ, Roberson, JR, Elvinger, F, Ward, D and Akers, RM 2003. Evaluation of frequent milkout for treatment of cow with experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis. Journal of Animal Veterinary and Medicine 63–66.Google Scholar
Marx, GD and Caruolo, EV 1963. Method of biopsy of the mammary gland of cows and goats. Journal of Dairy Science 46, 576–579.Google Scholar
McDougall, S, Supré, K, De Vliegher, S, Haesebrouck, F, Hussein, H, Clausen, L and Prosser, C 2010. Diagnosis and treatment of subclinical mastitis in early lactation in dairy goats. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 4710–4721.Google Scholar
Miller, N, Delbecchi, L, Petitclerc, D, Wagner, GF, Talbot, BG and Lacasse, P 2006. Effect of stage of lactation and parity on mammary gland cell renewal. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 4669–4677.Google Scholar
Ollier, S, Leroux, C, De la Foye, A, Bernard, L, Rouel, J and Chilliard, Y 2009. Whole intact rapeseeds or sunflower oil in high forage or high-concentrate diets affects milk yield, milk composition, and mammary gene expression profile in goats. Journal of Dairy Science 92, 5544–5560.Google Scholar
Smith, KL 1996. Standards for somatic cell in milk physiological and regulatoty. Mastitis Newsletter, Newsletters of the International Dairy Federation 21, 7–9.Google Scholar
Smith, JW, Ely, LO, Graves, WM and Gilson, WD 2002. Effect of milking frequency on DHI performance measures. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 3526–3533.Google Scholar
Shields, SL, Rezamand, P, Sevier, DL, Seo, KS, Price, W and McGuire, MA 2011. Effects of increased milking frequency for the first 21 days post partum on selected measures of mammary gland health, milk yield and milk composition. Journal of Dairy Research 78, 301–307.Google Scholar
Soberón, F, Lukas, JL, Van Amburgh, ME, Capuco, AV, Galton, DV and Overton, TR 2010. Effects of increased milking frequency on metabolism and mammary cell proliferation in Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93, 565–573.Google Scholar
Sorensen, MT, Nørgaard, JV, Theil, PK, Vestergaard, M and Sejrsen, K 2006. Cell turnover and activity in mammary tissue during lactation and the dry period in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 4632–4633.Google Scholar
Tsioulpas, A, Grandison, AS and Lewis, MJ 2007. Changes in physical properties of bovine milk from the colostrum period to early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 5012–5017.Google Scholar
VanKlompenberg, MK, McMicking, HF and Hovey, RC 2012. Technical note: a vacuum-assisted approach for biopsying the mammary glands of various species. Journal of Dairy Science 95, 243–246.Google Scholar
Wall, EH, Bond, JP and McFadden, TB 2013. Milk yield responses to changes in milking frequency during early lactation are associated with coordinated and persistent changes in mammary gene expression. BMC genomics 14, 296–312.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wall, EH and McFadden, TB 2007. The milk yield response to frequent milking in early lactation of dairy cows is locally regulated. Journal of Dairy Science 90, 716–720.Google Scholar
Wright, JB, Wall, EH and McFadden, TB 2013. Effects of increased milking frequency during early lactation on milk yield and udder health of primiparous Holstein heifers. Journal of Animal Science 91, 195–202.Google Scholar