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Chemical composition, cell wall features and degradability of stem, leaf blade and sheath in untreated and alkali-treated rice straw

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2013

E. Ghasemi ,
G. R. Ghorbani ,
M. Khorvash ,
M. R. Emami  and
K. Karimi
E. Ghasemi*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
G. R. Ghorbani
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
M. Khorvash
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
M. R. Emami
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Surgery Division, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48974, Iran
K. Karimi
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Three dominant morphological fractions (i.e. leaf blade (LB), leaf sheath (LS) and stem) were analysed for chemical composition and ruminal degradability in three rice straw varieties. In one variety treated with alkali, cell wall features were also characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The highest concentrations of cell wall carbohydrates (hemicellulose and cellulose) were observed in LS, whereas the highest concentrations of non-fibre (silica, phenolic compounds and CP) and lignin were recorded for LB. The stem had the lowest silica and hemicellulose contents but intermediate levels of other components. In terms of ruminal degradability, stem ranked higher than LB, which was followed by LS. Hemicellulose was found to be less degradable than either dry matter or cellulose in all the three fractions investigated. FTIR results indicated that the highest levels of hydrogen bonding, esterification and crystallinity within the cell wall components belonged to LS. In the alkaline treatment, these indices decreased to a larger extent for leaf fractions and a greater improvement was achieved in the degradability of LB and LS compared with that of stem. In the 24-h ruminal incubation, the silicified layer of epidermis and the underlying cell walls showed a rigid structure in the control fractions, whereas the treatment with NaOH resulted in crimping of the silicified cuticle layer and the loss of integrity in cell structure. Despite the highest silica and lignin contents observed in LB, LS showed the lowest degradability, which might be due to its high level of hydrogen bonding, crystallinity and esterification within its cell wall components as well as its high hemicellulose content.

Keywords

morphological fractionssilicaFTIR spectraSEMalkali treatment
Type
Nutrition
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 7 , July 2013 , pp. 1106 - 1112
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

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