Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T17:41:09.517Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Risk factors for new intramammary infections during the dry period in untreated dairy cows from herds using selective dry cow therapy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2008

A. Robert ,
P. Roussel ,
N. Bareille ,
D. Ribaud ,
F. Sérieys ,
V. Heuchel  and
H. Seegers
A. Robert
Affiliation:
Unit of Animal Health Management, Veterinary School and INRA, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France ARILAIT Recherches, 42 rue de Châteaudun, 75314 Paris Cedex 09, France
P. Roussel
Affiliation:
Institut de l’Elevage, 9 rue André Brouard, BP 70510, 49105 Angers Cedex 02, France
N. Bareille*
Affiliation:
Unit of Animal Health Management, Veterinary School and INRA, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
D. Ribaud
Affiliation:
Institut de l’Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex 12, France
F. Sérieys
Affiliation:
Filière Blanche, 12 quai Duguay Trouin, 35000 Rennes, France
V. Heuchel
Affiliation:
Institut de l’Elevage, 149 rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris Cedex 12, France
H. Seegers
Affiliation:
Unit of Animal Health Management, Veterinary School and INRA, BP 40706, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This study aimed at investigating risk factors for new intramammary infections (IMI) during the dry period in untreated cows from herds using selective dry cow antibiotic therapy (DCT). A total of 980 uninfected quarters in 347 untreated cows from 28 herds using selective DCT were included in a prospective survey. A herd-level questionnaire and an individual cow-level recording sheet were implemented to collect data on putative risk factors. Quarter milk samples were taken at drying-off and on day 3 after calving to assess the occurrence of new IMI during the dry period. A multivariate model including a herd effect as random and a cow effect as repeated was run at the quarter level. Interactions between risk factors and the cow infection status at drying-off (cow infected in at least one quarter v. uninfected) were checked. Three risk factors were found significantly associated with the risk for new IMI without interaction (P < 0.05): cows infected in at least one quarter at drying-off (v. uninfected cows) (relative risks (RR) = 1.58); long preceding lactation (>355 days v. shorter length) (RR = 1.62); long dry period (>65 days v. shorter length) (RR = 1.46). One risk factor acted only in interaction with the cow infection status at drying-off: in cows uninfected at drying-off, the risk for new IMI was significantly higher in cows with short teats (RR = 1.21) when compared with cows with long or normal teats, while the reverse relationship was observed in cows infected at drying-off. Risk factors can be translated in recommendations, for instance to have dry periods not longer than 2 months. Moreover, as suggested by our results, the efficacy of selective DCT towards the prevention of new IMI would be improved if all infected cows were detected and treated. Criteria to accurately identify these infected cows should be therefore further investigated.

Keywords

dairy cowsdry periodmastitisrisk factors
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 2 , Issue 2 , February 2008 , pp. 247 - 254
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arendt, J, Detilleux, J, Bughin, J, Leroy, P, Lomba, F 1997. Usefulness of quarter somatic cell counts for detecting udder infections in dairy cows. Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production Vienna, Austria, pp. 1–4.Google Scholar
Bachman, KC, Schairer, ML 2003. Invited review: bovine studies on optimal lengths of dry periods. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 3027–3037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beaudeau, F, Fourichon, C 1998. Estimating relative risk of disease from outputs of logistic regression when the disease is not rare. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 36, 243–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, EA, Hillerton, JE 2002a. The effect of selective dry cow treatment on new intramammary infections. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 112–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berry, EA, Hillerton, JE 2002b. The effect of an intramammary teat seal on new intramammary infections. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 2512–2520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berry, EA, Johnston, WT, Hillerton, JE 2003. Prophylactic effects of two selective dry cow strategies accounting for interdependence of quarter. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 3912–3919.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradley, AJ, Green, MJ 2004. The importance of the nonlactating period in the epidemiology of intramammary infection and strategies for prevention. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice 20, 547–568.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bradley, JM, Noone, P, Townsend, DE, Grubb, WB 1985. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a London hospital. Lancet 325, 1493–1495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, RW, Morse, GE, Newbould, FHS, Slanetz, LW 1969. Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine mastitis, first edition. National Mastitis Council, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Browning, JW, Mein, GA, Barton, M, Nicholls, TJ, Brightling, P 1990. Effects of antibiotic therapy at drying off on mastitis in the dry period and early lactation. Australian Veterinary Journal 67, 440–442.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruzzi, P, Green, SB, Byar, DP, Brinton, LA, Schairer, C 1985. Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case–control data. American Journal of Epidemiology 122, 904–914.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buelow, KL, Goodger, WJ, Collins, MT, Clayton, MK, Nordlund, KV, Thomas, CB 1996. A model to determine sampling strategies and milk inoculum volume for detection of intramammary Staphylococcus aureus infections in dairy cattle by bacteriological culture. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 25, 343–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collier, RJ, Annen, EL, Fitzgerald, AC 2004. Prospects for zero days dry. The Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice 20, 687–701.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Detilleux, JC 2002. Genetic factors affecting susceptibility of dairy cows to udder pathogens. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 88, 103–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dingwell, RT, Kelton, DF, Leslie, KE, Edge, VL 2001. The impact of milk production and management on drying off. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council Reno, NV, USA, pp. 69–79.Google Scholar
Dingwell, RT, Duffield, TF, Leslie, KE, Keefe, GP, DesCoteaux, L, Kelton, DF, Lissemore, KD, Schukken, YH, Dick, P, Bagg, R 2002. The efficacy of intramammary tilmicosin at drying-off, and other risk factors for the prevention of new intramammary infections during the dry period. Journal of Dairy Science 85, 3250–3259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dingwell, RT, Kelton, DF, Leslie, KE 2003. Management of the dry cow in control in peripartum disease and mastitis. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice 19, 235–265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dingwell, RT, Leslie, KE, Schukken, YH, Sargeant, JM, Timms, LL, Duffield, TF, Keefe, GP, Kelton, DF, Lissemore, KD, Conklin, J 2004. Association of cow and quarter-level factors at drying-off with new intramammary infections during the dry period. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 63, 75–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Djabri, B, Bareille, N, Poutrel, B, Beaudeau, F, Ducelliez, M, Seegers, H 2002. Accuracy of the detection of intramammary infection using quarter somatic cell count when taking parity and stage of lactation into account. Animal Research 51, 135–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodd, FH, Westgarth, DR, Neave, FK, Kingwill, RG 1969. Mastitis – the strategy of control. Journal of Dairy Science 52, 689–695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eberhart, RJ 1986. Management of dry cows to reduce mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science 69, 1721–1732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enevoldsen, C, Sørensen, JT 1992. Effects of dry period length on clinical mastitis and other major clinical health disorders. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 1007–1014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gill, R, Howard, WH, Leslie, KE, Lissemore, K 1990. Economics of mastitis control. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 3340–3348.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hillerton, JE, Bramley, AJ, Staker, RT, McKinnon, CH 1995. Patterns of intramammary infection and clinical mastitis over a five year period in a closely monitored herd applying mastitis control measures. Journal of Dairy Research 62, 39–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindström, UB, Kenttamies, H, Artila, J, Tuovila, R 1981. Usefulness of cell counts in predicting bovine mastitis. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica 31, 199–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Littel, RG, Milliken, GA, Stroup, WW, Wolfinger, RD 1996. Statistical analysis systems for mixed models. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
McDonald, JS 1975. Radiographic method for anatomic study of the teat canal: characteristics related to resistance to new intramammary infection during lactation and the early dry period. The Cornell Veterinarian 65, 492–499.Google ScholarPubMed
Makovec, JA, Ruegg, PL 2003. Results of milk samples submitted for microbiological examination in Wisconsin from 1994 to 2001. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 3466–3472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Mastitis Council 2004. Microbiological procedures for use in the diagnosis of bovine udder infection and determination of milk quality, fourth edition. National Mastitis Council, Verona, WI, USA.Google Scholar
Natzke, RP 1971. Therapy: one component in a mastitis control system. Journal of Dairy Science 54, 1895–1901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Natzke, RP, Everett, RW, Bray, DR 1975. Effect of drying off practices on mastitis infection. Journal of Dairy Science 58, 1828–1835.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neave, FK, Dodd, FH, Henriques, E 1950. Udder infections in the ‘dry period’. Journal of Dairy Research 17, 37–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neave, FK, Dodd, FH, Kingwill, RG, Westgarth, DR 1969. Control of mastitis in the dairy herd by hygiene and management. Journal of Dairy Science 52, 696–707.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oliver, SP, Mitchell, BA 1983. Susceptibility of bovine mammary gland to infections during the dry period. Journal of Dairy Science 66, 1162–1166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oliver, SP, Jayarao, BM 1997. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal intramammary infections in cows and heifers during the nonlactating and periparturient periods. Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health 44, 355–363.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rendos, JJ, Eberhart, RJ, Kesler, EM 1975. Microbial populations of teat ends of dairy cows, and bedding materials. Journal of Dairy Science 58, 1492–1500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robert, A, Seegers, H, Bareille, N 2006a. Incidence of intramammary infections during the dry period without or with antibiotic treatment in dairy cows – a quantitative analysis of published data. Veterinary Research 37, 25–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robert, A, Bareille, N, Rousel, P, Poutrel, B, Heuchel, V, Seegers, H 2006b. Interdependence of udder quarters for new intramammary infection during the dry period in cows submitted to selective antibiotic therapy. Journal of Dairy Research 73, 345–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute 1999. SAS user’s guide. Statistics, version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Schultze, WD 1983. Effects of a selective regimen of dry cow therapy on intramammary infection and on antibiotic sensitivity of surviving pathogens. Journal of Dairy Science 66, 892–903.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultze, WD, Mercer, HD 1976. Nonlactating-cow therapy with a formulation of penicillin and novobiocin: therapeutic and prophylactic effects. American Journal of Veterinary Research 37, 1275–1279.Google ScholarPubMed
Sears, PM, Smith, BS, English, PB, Herer, PS, Gonzalez, RN 1990. Shedding pattern of Staphyloccoccus aureus from bovine intramammary infections. Journal of Dairy Science 73, 2785–2789.CrossRefGoogle Scholar