Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T07:22:09.284Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Nutritional requirements of sheep, goats and cattle in warm climates: a meta-analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2014

N. Salah ,
D. Sauvant  and
H. Archimède
N. Salah
Affiliation:
INRA UR143, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, Prise d’Eau, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
D. Sauvant
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR791 Modélisation Systémique Appliquée aux Ruminants, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
H. Archimède*
Affiliation:
INRA UR143, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, Prise d’Eau, 97170 Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe
*
† E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The objective of the study was to update energy and protein requirements of growing sheep, goats and cattle in warm areas through a meta-analysis study of 590 publications. Requirements were expressed on metabolic live weight (MLW=LW0.75) and LW1 basis. The maintenance requirements for energy were 542.64 and 631.26 kJ ME/kg LW0.75 for small ruminants and cattle, respectively, and the difference was significant (P<0.01). The corresponding requirement for 1 g gain was 24.3 kJ ME without any significant effect of species. Relative to LW0.75, there was no difference among genotypes intra-species in terms of ME requirement for maintenance and gain. However, small ruminants of warm and tropical climate appeared to have higher ME requirements for maintenance relative to live weight (LW) compared with temperate climate ones and cattle. Maintenance requirements for protein were estimated via two approaches. For these two methods, the data in which retained nitrogen (RN) was used cover the same range of variability of observations. The regression of digestible CP intake (DCPI, g/kg LW0.75) against RN (g/kg LW0.75) indicated that DCP requirements are significantly higher in sheep (3.36 g/kg LW0.75) than in goats (2.38 g/kg LW0.75), with cattle intermediate (2.81 g/kg LW0.75), without any significant difference in the quantity of DCPI/g retained CP (RCP) (40.43). Regressing metabolisable protein (MP) or minimal digestible protein in the intestine (PDImin) against RCP showed that there was no difference between species and genotypes, neither for the intercept (maintenance=3.51 g/kg LW0.75 for sheep and goat v. 4.35 for cattle) nor for the slope (growth=0.60 g MP/g RCP). The regression of DCP against ADG showed that DCP requirements did not differ among species or genotypes. These new feeding standards are derived from a wider range of nutritional conditions compared with existing feeding standards as they are based on a larger database. The standards seem to be more appropriate for ruminants in warm and tropical climates around the world.

Keywords

warm climatesruminantsenergyproteinrequirements
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 8 , Issue 9 , September 2014 , pp. 1439 - 1447
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council (ARC) 1984. Nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, London, UK.Google Scholar
Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) 1993. Energy and protein requirements of ruminants. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK.Google Scholar
Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC) 1998. The nutrition of goats, Report No.10. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.Google Scholar
Akinsoyinu, AO 1985. Nutrient requirement of sheep and goats in Nigeria. In Proceedings of National Conference on Small Ruminant Production, Zaria, Nigeria, pp. 111–127.Google Scholar
Berg, RT and Butterfield, RM 1976. New concepts of cattle growth. Foreword by St CS Taylor. University of Sydney Press, Sydney, Australia. 240pp.Google Scholar
Bunting, LD, Sticker, LS and Wosniak, PJ 1992. Effect of ruminal escape protein and fat on nitrogen utilization in lambs exposed to elevated ambient temperatures. Journal of Animal Science 70, 1518–1525.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byers, FM 1982. Protein growth and turnover in cattle. Systems for measurement and biological limits. In Protein requirements for cattle (ed. FN Owens), pp. 141–165. Oklahoma State University, MP-109, Stillwater.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) 1990. Feeding standards for Australian livestock, ruminants. Standing Committee on Agriculture, CSIRO Publications, Melbourne, Australia, 266pp.Google Scholar
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) 2007. Nutrient requirements of domesticated ruminants. CSIRO, Australia, 265pp.Google Scholar
Connors, MT, Poppi, DP and Cant, JP 2008. Protein elongation rates in tissues of growing and adult sheep. Journal of Animal Science 86, 2288–2295.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delgado, C, Rosegrant, M, Steinfeld, H, Ehui, S and Courbois, C 1999. Livestock to 2020: the next food revolution. Food, agriculture and environment discussion paper, 28. International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, 73pp.Google Scholar
Early, RJ, Mahgoub, O and Lu, CD 2001. Energy and protein utilization for maintenance and growth in Omani ram lambs in hot climates. I. Estimates of energy requirement and efficiency. Journal of Agricultural Science 136, 451–459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferreira, ACD 2003. Body composition and nutritional requirements of protein, energy and macrominerals in Saanen kid goats. PhD dissertation, Estadual University, Paulista/FCAVJ, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.Google Scholar
Galvani, DB, Pires, CC, Kozloski, GV and Wommer, TP 2008. Energy requirements of Texel crossbred lambs. Journal of Animal Science 86, 3480–3490.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gihad, EA 1976. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen utilization of tropical natural grass hay by goats and sheep. Journal of Animal Science 43, 879–883.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goetsh, AL, Patil, AR and Galloway, DL 1997. Net flux of nutrients across splanchnic tissues in wethers consuming grasses of different sources and physical forms ad libitum. British Journal of Nutrition 77, 769–781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Institut Nationale de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1978. Alimentation des ruminants (ed. R Jarrige), Route de St Cyr, F-78000, INRA Publications, Versaille, France, 597pp.Google Scholar
INRA 1980. Alimentation des ruminants. Principes de la nutrition et de l’alimentation des ruminants. Besoins alimentaires des animaux. Valeurs nutritives des aliments (ed. R Jarrige), 621pp. Route de St Cyr, F-78000, INRA publications, 78000, Versailles, France.Google Scholar
INRA 1989. Ruminant nutrition. Recommended allowances and feed tables (ed. R Jarrige), INRA, Paris, France, 373pp.Google Scholar
Luo, J, Goestch, AL, Sahlu, T, Nsahlai, IV, Johnson, ZB, Moore, JE, Galyean, ML, Owens, FN and Ferrell, CL 2004a. Prediction of metabolizable energy and protein requirements for maintenance, gain of preweaning, growing and mature goats. Small Ruminant Research 53, 231–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luo, J, Goestch, AL, Nsahlai, IV, Sahlu, T, Ferrell, CL, Owens, FN, Galyean, ML, Moore, JE and Johnson, ZB 2004b. Prediction of metabolizable energy and protein requirements for maintenance and gain and fiber growth of Angora goats. Small Ruminant Research 53, 339–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mandal, AB, Paul, SS, Mandal, GP, Kannan, A and Pathak, NN 2005. Deriving nutrient requirements of growing Indian goats under tropical condition. Small Ruminant Research 58, 201–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, P, Edward, RA and Greenhalgh, JFD 1995. Animal nutrition, 5th edition. Longman Singapore Publishers Pvt. Ltd, Singapore. pp. 320–321.Google Scholar
Medeiros, AN 2001. Body composition and net energy and protein requirements for maintenance and weight gain for Saanen goats in initial growth. PhD dissertation, Estadual University, Paulista/FCAVJ, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 1981. Nutrient requirements of goats: angora, dairy, and meat goats in temperate and tropical countries. National Academy of Sciences, National Academic Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 1989. Nutrient requirements for dairy cattle, 5th revised edition. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, update 2000. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. pp. 16–21.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 2001. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, 7th edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 243pp.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Paul, SS, Mandal, AB, Mandal, GP, Kannan, A and Pathak, NN 2003. Deriving nutrient requirements of growing Indian sheep under tropical condition using performance and intake data emanated from feeding trials conducted in different research institutes. Small Ruminant Research 50, 97–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paul, SS, Mandal, AB, Mandal, GP, Kannan, A and Pathak, NN 2004. Deriving nutrient requirements of lactating Indian cattle under tropical condition using performance and intake data emanated from feeding trials conducted in different research institutes. Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science 17 (6), 769–776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohr, K and Daenicke, R 1984. Nutritional effects on the distribution of live weight as gastrointestinal tract fill and tissue components in growing cattle. Journal of Animal Science 58, 753–765.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sauvant, D, Schmidely, P, Daudin, JJ and St-Pierre, NR 2008. Meta-analysis of experimental data in animal nutrition. Animal 2, 1203–1214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sauvant, D, Giger-Riverdin, S, Serment, A and Broudiscon, L 2011. Influences des régimes et de leur fermentation dans le rumen sur la production de méthane par les ruminants. INRA Productions Animales 24, 433–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sengar, OPS 1980. Indian research on protein and energy requirements of goat. Journal of Dairy Science 63, 1654–1670.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spanghero, M and Kowalski, ZM 1997. Critical analysis of N balance experiments with lactating cows. Livestock Production Science 52, 113–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Standing Committee on Agriculture. 1990. Feeding standards of Australian livestock: ruminants. SCA, CSIRO, Australia.Google Scholar
Van Es, AJH 1972. Maintenance. In Handbuch der Tierernahrung, Band II (ed. W Lenkeit, K Breirem and E Crasemann), pp. 1–54. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg, Germany.Google Scholar
Veras, RML, Valadares Filho, SC and Azevedo, JAG 2008. Niveis de concentrado na dieta de bovinos Nelore de três condiçoes sexuais: consumo, digestibilidades total e parcial, produçao microbiana e parâmetros ruminais. Revista Brazileira de Zootecnia 37 (5), 951–960.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterlow, JC 1968. Observations on the mechanism of adaptation to low protein intakes. Lancet 2, 1091–1097.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed