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Nutrient restriction and realimentation in beef cows during early and mid-gestation and maternal and fetal hepatic and small intestinal in vitro oxygen consumption

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2015

L. D. Prezotto ,
L. E. Camacho ,
C. O. Lemley ,
F. E. Keomanivong ,
J. S. Caton ,
K. A. Vonnahme  and
K. C. Swanson
L. D. Prezotto
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
L. E. Camacho
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
C. O. Lemley
Affiliation:
Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
F. E. Keomanivong
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
J. S. Caton
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
K. A. Vonnahme
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
K. C. Swanson*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Objectives were to determine the effects of advancing gestation, maternal nutrient restriction during early and mid-gestation, and realimentation on fetal liver and jejunal mass and energy use in both dams and fetuses. On day 30 of pregnancy, multiparous, non-lactating beef cows (initial BW=621±11.3 kg and body condition score=5.1±0.1) were assigned to one of the two dietary treatments: control (CON; 100% requirements; n=18) and restricted (R; 60% requirements; n=28). On day 85, cows were slaughtered (CON, n=6; R, n=6), and remaining cows continued on control (CC; n=12) and restricted (RR; n=12) diets, or were realimented to the control diet (RC; n=11). On day 140, cows were slaughtered (CC, n=6; RR, n=6; RC, n=5), remaining cows continued on the control diet (CCC, n=6; RCC, n=5), or were realimented to the control diet (RRC, n=6). On day 254, all remaining cows were slaughtered. Maternal liver O2 consumption linearly increased (P⩽0.04) and jejunal weight (g/kg) linearly decreased (P=0.04) as gestation advanced in CON groups. Fetal BW, and hepatic and small intestinal absolute mass, protein content and O2 consumption linearly increased (P⩽0.04) as pregnancy advanced in CON groups. However, mass and O2 consumption relative to BW linearly decreased (P⩽0.001) in the fetal liver in CON groups. When analyzing the effects of dietary treatment, at day 85, fetal jejunal O2 consumption (mol/min per kg BW) was lower (P=0.02) in the R group when compared with the CON group. At day 140, maternal hepatic weight (g) was lower (P=0.02) in RC and RR cows when compared with CC, and fetal jejunual O2 consumption (mmol/min per mg tissue and mmol/min per g protein) was greater (P⩽0.02) in RC when compared with RR. At day 254, maternal hepatic O2 consumption (absolute and relative to BW) was lower (P⩽0.04) in the RCC cows when compared with RRC. Fetal hepatic weight was lower (P=0.05) in the CCC group when compared with RCC and RRC. The changes in response to nutrient restriction and realimentation in both the dam and fetus may indicate an adaptation to a lower amount of available nutrients by altering tissue mass and metabolism.

Keywords

bovineenergy usefetalmaternalviscera
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 10 , Issue 5 , May 2016 , pp. 829 - 837
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2015 

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