Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T09:08:01.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Non-invasive assessment of animal exercise stress: real-time PCR of GLUT4, COX2, SOD1 and HSP70 in avalanche military dog saliva

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2014

S. Diverio ,
G. Guelfi ,
O. Barbato ,
W. Di Mari ,
M. G. Egidi  and
M. M. Santoro
S. Diverio*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, via San Costanzo 4, 0126 Perugia, Italy
G. Guelfi
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, via San Costanzo 4, 0126 Perugia, Italy
O. Barbato
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Medicine, via San Costanzo 4, 0126 Perugia, Italy
W. Di Mari
Affiliation:
Guardia di Finanza, Direzione Veterinaria e Cinofili, viale XXI Aprile 51, Rome, Italy
M. G. Egidi
Affiliation:
Guardia di Finanza, Servizio Cinofili, Centro Addestramento e Allevamento Cani, Via Lungolago 46, 06061 Castiglione Del Lago (PG), Italy Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Institution of Urological, Andrological Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques, University of Perugia, Loc. S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
M. M. Santoro
Affiliation:
Guardia di Finanza, Servizio Cinofili, Centro Addestramento e Allevamento Cani, Via Lungolago 46, 06061 Castiglione Del Lago (PG), Italy
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Exercise has been shown to increase mRNA expression of a growing number of genes. The aim of this study was to assess if mRNA expression of the metabolism- and oxidative stress-related genes GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4), COX2 (cyclooxygenase 2), SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) and HSP70 (heat shock protein 70) in saliva changes following acute exercise stress in dogs. For this purpose, 12 avalanche dogs of the Italian Military Force Guardia di Finanza were monitored during simulation of a search for a buried person in an artificial avalanche area. Rectal temperature (RT) and saliva samples were collected the day before the trial (T0), immediately after the descent from a helicopter at the onset of a simulated avalanche search and rescue operation (T1), after the discovery of the buried person (T2) and 2 h later (T3). Expressions of GLUT4, SOD1, COX2 and HSP70 were measured by real-time PCR. The simulated avalanche search and rescue operation was shown to exert a significant effect on RT, as well as on the expression of all metabolism- and oxidative stress-related genes investigated, which peaked at T2. The observed expression patterns indicate an acute exercise stress-induced upregulation, as confirmed by the reductions in expression at T3. Moreover, our findings indicate that saliva is useful for assessing metabolism- and oxidative stress-related genes without the need for restraint, which could affect working dog performance.

Keywords

GLUT4COX2SOD1HSP70dog exercise stress
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 9 , Issue 1 , January 2015 , pp. 104 - 109
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

a

Silvana Diverio and Gabriella Guelfi contributed equally to this work.

References

Adderley, SR and Fitzgerald, DJ 1999. Oxidative damage of cardiomyocytes is limited by extracellular regulated kinases 1/2-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274, 5038–5046.Google Scholar
Bouwknecht, JA, Oliver, B and Paylor, RE 2007. The stress-induced hyperthermia paradigm as a physiological animal model for anxiety: a review of pharmacological and genetic studies in the mouse. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 31, 41–59.Google Scholar
Catoire, MM, Mensink, M, Boekschoten, MV, Hangelbroek, R, Muller, M, Schoauwen, P and Kersten, S 2012. Pronounced effects of acute endurance exercise on gene expression in resting and exercising human skeletal muscle. PLoS One 7(11), e51066, 1–10.Google Scholar
Cortright, RN and Dohm, GL 1997. Mechanisms by which insulin and muscle contraction stimulate glucose transport. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 22, 519–530.Google Scholar
Diverio, S, Barbato, O, Guelfi, G, Zasso, R, Cavallina, R, Massimo, G, Di Mari, W, Murari, S, Santoro, MM, Levis, V and Knowles, TG 2013. Stress responses to simulated avalanche search and rescue operations in military dogs. In Proceedings of the 150th Annual AVMA Convention – IAHAIO (International Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations) Congress, 20–22 July, Chicago, USA.Google Scholar
Dunn, AJ and Berridge, CW 1990. Physiological and behavioural responses to corticotrophin-releasing factor administration: is CRF a mediator of anxiety or stress responses? Brain Research Reviews 15, 71–100.Google Scholar
Golbidi, S and Laher, I 2011. Molecular mechanisms in exercise-induced cardioprotection. Cardiology Research and Practice Article. Retrieved December 3, 2013, from http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/972807 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guelfi, G, Zerani, M, Brecchia, G, Parillo, F, Dall’Aglio, C, Maranesi, M and Boiti, C 2011. Direct actions of ACTH on ovarian function of pseudopregnant rabbits. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 6, 63–71.Google Scholar
Guo, S, Wharton, W, Moseley, P and Honglian, S 2007. Heat shock protein 70 regulates cellular redox status by modulating glutathione-related enzyme activities. Cell Stress and Chaperones 12, 245–254.Google Scholar
Haverbeke, A, Diederich, C, Depiereux, E and Giffroy, JM 2008. Cortisol and behavioural responses of working dogs to environmental challenge. Physiology and Behavior 93, 59–67.Google Scholar
Kazuhiko, H, Sang, HK, Mitsuru, H, John, OH and Dong-Ho, H 2011. Normal adaptations to exercise despite protection against oxidative stress. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism 301, E779–E784.Google Scholar
Kobelt, AJ, Hemsworth, PH, Bernett, JL and Bulter, KL 2003. Sources of sampling variation in saliva cortisol dogs. Research in Veterinary Science 75, 157–161.Google Scholar
Kraniou, Y, Cameron-Smith, D, Misso, M, Collier, G and Hargreaves, M 2000. Effects of exercise on GLUT-4 and glycogenin gene expression in human skeletal muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology 88, 794–796.Google Scholar
Lee, YH, Zhou, H, Reiss, JK, Yan, X, Zhang, L, Chia, D and David, TW 2011. Direct saliva transcriptome analysis. Clinical Chemistry 57, 1295–1302.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, D, Diederich, C, Delcourt, M and Giffroy, JM 2007. The quality of the relation between handler and military dogs influences efficiency and welfare of dogs. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 104, 49–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Livak, KJ and Schmittgen, TD 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCt method. Methods 25, 402–408.Google Scholar
Mahoney, DJ, Parise, G and Melov, S 2005. Analysis of global mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from endurance exercise. The FASEB Journal express article. Retrieved December 3, 2013, from http://www.fasebj.org/content/early/2005/08/27/fj.04-3149fje Google Scholar
Marchei, P, Diverio, S, Falocci, N, Fatjo, J, Ruiz-De-La-Torre, J and Manteca, X 2009. Breed differences in behavioural development in kittens. Physiology & Behavior 96, 522–531.Google Scholar
Matwichuk, CL, Taylor, S, Shmon, CL, Kass, PH and Shelton, GD 1999. Changes in rectal temperature and hematologic, biochemical, blood gas and acid-base values in healthy Labrador retriviers before and after strenuous exercise. American Journal of Veterinary Research 60, 88–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLaughlin, B, Hartnett, KA, Erhardt, JA, Legos, JJ, White, RF, Barone, FC and Aizenman, E 2003. Caspase 3 activation is essential for neuroprotection in preconditioning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100, 715–720.Google Scholar
Pastore, C, Pirrone, F, Balzarotti, F, Faustini, M, Pierantoni, L and Albertini, M 2011. Evaluation of physiological and behavioral stress-dependent parameters in agility dogs. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research 6, 188–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pilegaard, H, Ordway, GA, Saltin, B and Neufer, PD 2000. Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism 279, E806–E814.Google Scholar
Powers, SK and Lennon, SL 1999. Analysis of cellular responses to free radicals: focus on exercise and skeletal muscle. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, 1025–1033.Google Scholar
Powers, SK, Locke, M and Demirel, HA 2001. Exercise, heat shock proteins, and myocardial protection from I-R injury. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise® 33, 386–392.Google Scholar
Ren, JM, Semenkovich, CF, Gulve, EA, Gao, J and Holloszy, JO 1994. Exercise induces rapid increases in GLUT4 expression, glucose transport capacity, and insulin stimulated glycogen storage in muscle. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, 14396–14401.Google Scholar
Santoro, MG 2000. Heat shock factors and the control of the stress response. Biochemical Pharmacology 59, 55–63.Google Scholar
Schafer, FQ and Buettner, GR 2001. Redox environment of the cell as viewed through the redox state of the glutathione disulfide/glutathione couple. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 30, 1191–1212.Google Scholar