Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T04:09:27.289Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of vitamin E supplementation and basal diet on the vitamin E status, performance and tissue fatty acid concentration in lambs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 April 2009

E. Kasapidou ,
M. Enser ,
J. D. Wood ,
R. I. Richardson ,
R. G. Wilkinson  and
L. A. Sinclair
E. Kasapidou
Affiliation:
Division of Farm Animal Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
M. Enser
Affiliation:
Division of Farm Animal Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
J. D. Wood
Affiliation:
Division of Farm Animal Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
R. I. Richardson
Affiliation:
Division of Farm Animal Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK
R. G. Wilkinson
Affiliation:
ASRC, Harper Adams University College, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
L. A. Sinclair*
Affiliation:
ASRC, Harper Adams University College, Edgmond, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In order to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E level and basal diet on vitamin E status, performance and tissue fatty acid content, five groups of eight Suffolk × Charollais wether lambs with an initial live weight of 28.4 (s.d. 1.6) kg were allocated to one of five concentrate-based diets supplemented with all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate to contain 30 mg (C-30), 60 mg (C-60), 120 mg (C-120), 250 mg (C-250) or 500 mg (C-500) α-tocopheryl acetate/kg dry matter (DM), for 63 days. Two additional groups of eight lambs entered the study at 31.2 (s.d. 3.3) kg and were fed grass silage and 400 g/day concentrate for 56 days, with the whole diet providing the equivalent of 60 mg (S-60) or 500 mg (S-500) α-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM. Lambs were weighed and blood samples obtained by venipuncture weekly. Dietary vitamin E level did not affect performance (P > 0.05), but lambs fed grass silage grew more slowly (P < 0.001) and had a higher (P < 0.001) feed conversion ratio (kg feed/kg gain) than those fed concentrates. At day 0 plasma α-tocopherol concentrations were 0.8 μg/ml and did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). Plasma α-tocopherol concentrations then decreased in all lambs except for those fed S-500, which increased, and at slaughter were (μg/ml) 0.07, 0.23, 0.39, 0.76 and 1.57 in C-30, C-60, C-120, C-250 and C-500 and 1.18 and 1.93 in S-60 and S-500, respectively. At slaughter, muscle and liver α-tocopherol concentrations were in the deficiency range for lambs fed C-30, C-60 or C-120, whereas plasma creatine kinase and tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids were unaffected by dietary vitamin E level, but creatine kinase levels were higher (P < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidise levels lower (P < 0.001) in lambs fed grass silage than concentrates alone. Muscle and liver α-tocopherol concentrations were 1.8- and 4.1-fold higher in lambs fed S-60 than C-60, but there was less of a difference between lambs fed S-500 or C-500 with muscle and liver differences of 0.4- and 0.7-fold, respectively. Tissue n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) and n-6 fatty acids lower in lambs receiving the grass silage compared to concentrate-based diets, but were not affected by dietary vitamin E level. It is concluded that lower plasma and tissue levels of α-tocopherol are present in lambs supplemented with all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate on a concentrate compared to a mixed diet of silage and concentrates, and that normal growth can be achieved at tissue levels previously considered to represent deficiency.

Keywords

α-tocopherolconcentratesfatty acidsgrass silagelamb growth
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 3 , Issue 4 , April 2009 , pp. 516 - 526
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council 1980. The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Surrey.Google Scholar
Alderson, NE, Mitchell, GE, Little, CO, Warner, RE, Tucker, RE 1971. Preintestinal disappearance of vitamin E in ruminants. Journal of Nutrition 101, 655–660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, PH, Berrett, S, Patterson, DSP 1978. Glutathione peroxidase-activity in erythrocytes and muscle of cattle and sheep and its relationship to selenium. Journal of Comparative Pathology 88, 181–189.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arnold, RN, Scheller, KK, Arp, SC, Williams, SN, Buege, DR, Schaefer, DM 1992. Effect of long-or short-term feeding of α-tocopheryl acetate to Holstein and crossbred beef steers on performance, carcass characteristics and beef colour stability. Journal of Animal Science 70, 3055–3065.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 1995. Official methods of analysis, 16th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA.Google Scholar
Bieri, JG 1972. Kinetics of tissue α-tocopherol depletion and repletion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 203, 181–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjørneboe, A, Bjørneboe, GEA, Drevon, CA 1990. Absorption, transport and distribution of vitamin E. Journal of Nutrition 120, 233–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burton, GW, Traber, MG 1990. Vitamin E: antioxidant activity, biokinetics, and bioavailability. Annual Review of Nutrition 10, 357–382.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burton, GW, Webb, A, Ingold, KU 1985. A mild rapid and efficient method of lipid extraction for use in determining vitamin E/lipid ratios. Lipids 20, 29–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chikunya, S, Demirel, G, Enser, M, Wood, JD, Wilkinson, RG, Sinclair, LA 2004. Biohydrogenation of dietary n-3 PUFA and stability of ingested vitamin E in the rumen, and their effects on microbial activity in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 91, 539–550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demirel, G, Wachira, AM, Sinclair, LA, Wilkinson, RG, Wood, JD, Enser, M 2004. Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, breed and dietary vitamin E on the fatty acids of lamb muscle, liver and adipose tissue. British Journal of Nutrition 91, 551–565.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dowman, MG, Collins, FC 1982. The use of enzymes to predict the digestibility of animal feeds. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 33, 689–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drevon, CA 1991. Absorption, transport and metabolism of vitamin E. Free Radical Research Communications 14, 229–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enser, M, Hallett, KG, Hewett, B, Fursey, GAJ, Wood, JD, Harrington, G 1998. The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of beef and lamb liver. Meat Science 49, 321–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, AV, Enser, M, Richardson, RI, Wood, JD, Nute, GR, Kurt, E, Sinclair, LA, Wilkinson, RG 2000. Fatty acid composition and eating quality of lamb types derived from four diverse breed × production systems. Meat Science 55, 141–147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Folch, J, Lees, M, Stanley, GHS 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gutteridge, JMC, Haliwell, B 1994. Antioxidants in nutrition health and disease. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.Google Scholar
Hidiroglou, M, Charmley, E 1990. Response of plasma and tissue d-α-tocopherol in sheep to graded dietary levels of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate. Research in Veterinary Science 49, 122–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hidiroglou, N, McDowel, LR, Balbuena, O 1989. Plasma tocopherol in sheep and cattle after digesting free or acetylated tocopherol. Journal of Dairy Science 72, 1793–1799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Horwitt, MK 1962. Interrelations between vitamin E and polyunsaturated fatty acids in adult men. Vitamins and Hormones 20, 541–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ingold, KU, Burton, GW, Foster, DO, Hughes, L, Lindsay, DA, Webb, A 1987. Biokinetics of and discrimination between dietary RRR- and SRR-α-tocopherols in the male rat. Lipids 22, 163–172.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jensen, M, Lindholm, AR, Hakkarainen, J 1990. The vitamin E distribution in serum, liver, adipose and muscle tissues in the pig during depletion and repletion. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 31, 129–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kasapidou, E 2003. Vitamin E, selenium and meat quality in sheep. PhD, Bristol University, UK.Google Scholar
Leedle, RA, Leedle, JAZ, Butine, MD 1993. Vitamin E is not degraded by ruminal microorganisms: assessment with ruminal contents from a steer fed a high-concentrate diet. Journal of Animal Science 71, 3442–3450.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Q, Scheller, KK, Schaefer, DM 1996. Technical note: a simplified procedure for vitamin E determination in beef muscle. Journal of Animal Science 74, 2406–2410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Machlin, LJ, Gabriel, E 1982. Kinetics of tissue α-tocopherol uptake and depletion following administration of high levels of vitamin E. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 393, 48–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food 1993. Prediction of the energy values of compound feeding stuffs for farm animals. Booklet 1285, MAFF Publications, Alnwick, UK.Google Scholar
National Research Council 1985. Nutrient requirements of sheep, 6th edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
National Research Council 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Njeru, CA, McDowell, LR, Wilkinson, NS, Linda, SB, Rojas, LX, Williams, SN 1994. Serum and tissue tocopherol in sheep after intramuscular injection and (or) dietary vitamin E supplementation. Journal of Animal Science 72, 739–745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ochoa, L, McDowell, LR, Williams, SN, Wilkinson, N, Boucher, J, Lentz, EL 1992. α-tocopherol concentrations in serum and tissues of sheep fed different sources of vitamin E. Journal of Animal Science 70, 2568–2573.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pocklington, WD, Dieffenbacher, A 1988. Determination of tocopherols and tocotrienols in vegetable oils and fats by high performance liquid chromatography: results of a collaborative study and the standardised method. Pure and Applied Chemistry 60, 877–892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radostits, OM, Gay, CC, Hinchcliffe, KW, Constable, PD 2007. Veterinary medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs, and goat, 10th edition. Saunders Elsevier, London.Google Scholar
Rammell, CG, Cunliffe, B 1983. Vitamin E status of cattle and sheep 2: survey of liver from clinically normal cattle and sheep for α-tocopherol. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 31, 203–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sinclair, LA 2007. Nutritional manipulation of the fatty acid composition of sheep meat: a review. Journal of Agricultural Science 145, 419–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, LA, Cooper, SL, Chikunya, S, Wilkinson, RG, Hallett, KG, Enser, M, Wood, JD 2005. Biohydrogenation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and their effects on microbial metabolism and plasma fatty acid concentrations in sheep. Animal Science 81, 239–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Traber, MG, Arai, H 1999. Molecular mechanisms of vitamin E transport. Annual Review of Nutrition 19, 343–355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, KE, McClure, KE, Weiss, WP, Borton, RJ, Foster, JG 2002. α-tocopherol concentrations and case life of lamb muscle as influenced by concentrate or pasture finishing. Journal of Animal Science 80, 2513–2521.Google ScholarPubMed
Van Doorst, S, Thornton, I, Wuyi, W 1986. Selenium pathways in the soil–plant–animal system. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 46, 65A.Google Scholar
Weiser, H, Riss, G, Korman, AW 1996. Biodiscrimination of the eight α-tocopherol stereoisomers results in preferential accumulation of the four 2R forms in tissues and plasma of rats. Journal of Nutrition 126, 2539–2549.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weiss, WP, Smith, KL, Hogan, JS, Steiner, TE 1995. Effect of forage to concentrate ratio on disappearance of vitamins A and E during in vitro ruminal fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science 78, 1837–1842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witting, LA, Horwitt, MK 1964. Effect of degree of fatty acid unsaturation in tocopherol deficiency-induced creatinurea. Journal of Nutrition 82, 19–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wulf, DM, Morgan, JB, Sanders, SK, Tatum, JD, Smith, GC, Williams, S 1995. Effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin E on storage and caselife properties of lamb retail cuts. Journal of Animal Science 73, 399–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed