Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T07:14:59.668Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Increased vitamin supplement to sows, piglets and finishers and the effect in productivity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 August 2019

R. K. S. Santos Open the ORCID record for R. K. S. Santos [Opens in a new window] ,
A. K. Novais ,
D. S. Borges ,
J. B. Alves ,
J. G. N. Dario ,
G. Frederico ,
C. R. Pierozan ,
J. P. Batista ,
M. Pereira Jr  and
C. A. Silva
R. K. S. Santos*
Affiliation:
Department of Zootechnology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
A. K. Novais
Affiliation:
Department of Zootechnology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
D. S. Borges
Affiliation:
Department of Zootechnology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
J. B. Alves
Affiliation:
Department of Zootechnology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
J. G. N. Dario
Affiliation:
Department of Zootechnology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
G. Frederico
Affiliation:
Department of Zootechnology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
C. R. Pierozan
Affiliation:
Department of Zootechnology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
J. P. Batista
Affiliation:
Department of Zootechnology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
M. Pereira Jr
Affiliation:
Department of Zootechnology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
C. A. Silva
Affiliation:
Department of Zootechnology, Londrina State University (UEL), Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

With still limited information on vitamin requirements and considering that many commercial practices adopt dietary vitamin levels above the values suggested by nutritional tables, this study aimed to assess the effect of administering vitamin supplementation to sows in gestation and lactation and to their litters on the reproductive performance and body condition of the sows and on the performance and immune profile of the litters until slaughter. The trial was split into two phases. The first phase used 104 sows, assigned to be randomized to blocks according to parity, submitted until 21 days of lactation to two treatments: control–standard (standard levels of vitamins) and test–elevated (elevated levels of vitamins). Each sow and its respective farrow were considered an experimental unit. The sows underwent evaluations of body condition score, back fat thickness and reproductive performance. In the second phase, 60 barrows and 60 gilts at 21 days of age and mean initial weight of 5.33 ± 1.5 kg until slaughter at 164 days of age. The piglets were assigned to randomized blocks according to the weight and sex of the animals in a 2 × 2 factorial model, with 10 replicates per treatment, where a pen with three animals represented the experimental unit. Following the same treatments of the first phase, the piglets were evaluated for daily weight gain, daily feed intake, feed conversion, mortality rate and humoral immune response. Vitamin supplementation had no positive effects on the reproductive parameters or body composition of sows. However, it positively impacted the performance of the litters in the early nursery stage, but did not lead to superior effects on the immune responses to vaccination against circovirus or mycoplasma.

Keywords

gestationimmunitypigletspig productionswine
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , January 2020 , pp. 86 - 94
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alejandro, NR and Cabán, EJ 2014. Reproductive performance of gestating gilts supplemented with riboflavin. The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico 98, 119–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Augenstein, ML, Johnston, LJ, Shurson, GC, Hawton, JD and Pettigrew, JE 1994. Formulating farm-specific swine diets. University of Minnesota Extension Service Bulletin BU-6496-F. Retrieved on 4 October 2017 from https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/52222 Google Scholar
Barkow, B, Matte, JJ, BoÈhme, H and Flachowsky, G 2001. Influence of folic acid supplements on the carry-over of folates from the sow to the piglet. British Journal of Nutrition 85, 179–184.Google ScholarPubMed
Blair, R and Newsome, R 1985. Involvement of water-soluble vitamin in diseases of swine. Journal of Animal Science 60, 1508–1517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chew, BP 1996. Importance of antioxidant vitamins in immunity and health in animals. Animal Feed Science and Technology 59, 103–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaudré, D and Vautier, A 2006. Incidence zootechnique d’un taux de complémentation vitaminique élevé en engraissement. Techniporc 29, 19–26.Google Scholar
Guay, F, Matte, JJ, Girard, CL, Palin, MF, Giguère, A and Laforest, JP 2004a. Effects of folic acid supplement on uterine prostaglandin metabolism and interleukin-2 expression on day 15 of gestation in white breed and crossbred Meishan sows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, 63–72.Google Scholar
Guay, F, Matte, JJ, Girard, CL, Palin, MF, Giguère, A and Laforest, JP 2004b. Effect of folic acid plus glycine supplement on uterine prostaglandin and endometrial granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression during early pregnancy in pigs. Theriogenology 61, 485–498.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isabel, B, Rey, AI and López, BC 2012. Optimum vitamin nutrition in pigs. In Optimum vitamin nutrition – in the production of quality animal foods (ed. DSM Nutritional Products Limited), pp. 243–308. 5 M Publishing, Sheffield, UK.Google Scholar
Konowalchuk, JD, Rieger, AM and Kiemele, MD 2013. Modulation of weanling pig cellular immunity in response to diet supplementation with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 155, 57–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauridsen, C, Halekon, U, Larsen, T and Jensen, SK 2010. Reproductive performance and bone status markers of gilts and lactating sows supplemented with two different forms of vitamin D. Journal of Animal Science 88, 202–213.Google ScholarPubMed
Lima, AS, Weigel, RA, Morgado, AA, Nunes, GR, Souza, FN, Moreno, AM, Della Libera, AMMP and Sucupira, MCA 2012. Parenteral administration of vitamins A, D and E on the oxidative metabolism and function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in swine. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32, 727–734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindemann, MD 1993. Supplemental folic acid: a requirement for optimizing swine reproduction. Journal of Animal Science 71, 239–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindemann, MD, Brendemuhl, JH, Chiba, LI, Darroch, CS, Dove, CR, Estienne, MJ and Harper, AF 2008. A regional evaluation of injections of high levels of vitamin A on reproductive performance of sows. Journal of Animal Science 86, 333–338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lohakare, JD, Lee, SH and Chae, BJ 2006. Effect of dietary fat-soluble vitamins on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 19, 563–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marantidis, A, Laliotis, GP and Avdi, M 2016. Association of RBP4 genotype with phenotypic reproductive traits of sows. Genetics Research International 2016, 1–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council (NRC) 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine, 10th edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC) 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th revised edition. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Panzardi, A, Marques, BMFPP, Heim, G, Bortolozzo, FP and Wentz, I 2009. Factors that influence the piglet birth weight. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 37 (suppl. 1), 49–60.Google Scholar
Pinelli-Saavedra, A 2003. Vitamin E in immunity and reproductive performance in pig. Reproduction Nutrition Development 43, 397–408.Google Scholar
Pinelli-Saavedra, A, Caldero de la Barca, AM, Hernandez, J, Valenzuela, R and Scaife, JR 2008. Effect of supplementing sows feed with α-tocopherol acetate and vitamin C on transfer of α-tocopherol to piglet tissues, colostrum, and milk: aspects of immune status of piglets. Research in Veterinary Science 85, 92–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quiniou, N and Calvar, C 2005. Est-ce que la truie hyperprolifique valorise un apport en vitamines supérieur aux recommandations ? Techni Porc 28, 3–8.Google Scholar
Rodriguez, MP, Leman, LO.; Holmes, DR Jr., Richardson, D, Napoli, C and Lerman, A 2002. Chronic antioxidant supplementation attenuates nuclear factor-kB activation and preserves endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic pigs. Cardiovascular Research 53, 1010–1018.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rostagno, HS, Albino, LFT, Donzele, JL, Gomes, PC, Oliveira, RF, Lopes, DC, Ferreira, AS, Barreto, SLT and Euclides, RF 2011. Tabelas brasileiras para aves e suínos: composição de alimentos e exigências nutricionais. 3rd edition. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, BR.Google Scholar
Rothschild, MF and Ruvinsky, A 2011. The genetics of the pig. 2nd edition. CAB, Wallingford, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simard, F, Guay, F, Girard, CL, Giguère, A, Laforest, JP and Matte, JJ 2004. La vitamine B12 chez la truie gravid: faut-il en actualiser le besoin? Journées Recherche Porcine 36, 229–234.Google Scholar
Simard, F, Guay, F, Girard, CL, Giguère, A, Laforest, JP and Matte, JJ 2007. Effects of concentrations of cyanocobalamin in the gestation diet on some criteria of vitamin B12 metabolism in first-parity sows. Journal of Animal Science 85, 3294–3302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sistema de análises estatísticas e genéticas (SAEG) 2007. Versão 7.1. Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG.Google Scholar
Sosnowska, A, Kawęcka, M, Jacyno, E, Kołodziej-Skalska, A, Kamyczek, M and Matysiak, B 2011. Effect of dietary vitamins E and C supplementation on performance of sows and piglets. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 61, 196–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trout, WE, McDonnell, JJ, Kramer, KK, Baumbach, GA and Roberts, RM 1991. The retinol-binding protein of the expanding pig blastocyst: molecular cloning and expression in trophectoderm and embryonic disc. Molecular Endocrinology 5, 1533–1540.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Umesiobi, DO 2009. Vitamin E supplementation to sows and effects on fertility rate and subsequent body development of their weanling piglets. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 110, 155–168.Google Scholar
Wang, L, Xu, X, Su, G, Shi, B and Shan, A 2017. High concentration of vitamin E supplementation in sow diet during the last week of gestation and lactation affects the immunological variables and antioxidative parameters in piglets. Journal of Dairy Research 84, 8–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, GM, Witschi, AKM, Wenk, C and Martens, H 2014. Triennial Growth Symposium - Effects of dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and cholecalciferol on blood vitamin D and mineral status, bone turnover, milk composition, and reproductive performance of sows. Journal of Animal Science 92, 899–909.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wuryastuti, H, Stowe, HD, Bull, RW and Miller, ER 1993. Effects of vitamin E and selenium on immune responses of peripheral blood, colostrum and milk leukocytes in sows. Journal of Animal Science 71, 2464–2472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zaidi, SMKR and Banu, N 2004. Antioxidant potential of vitamins A, E and C in modulating oxidative stress in rat brain. Clinica Chimica Acta 340, 229–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, ZF, Li, J, Park, JC and Kim, IH 2013. Effect of vitamin levels and different stocking densities on performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood characteristics of growing pigs. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 26, 241–246.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed