Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T18:46:32.820Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

High temperature and oxygen supplementation can mitigate the effects of hypoxia on developmental stability of bilateral traits during incubation of broiler breeder eggs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2018

E. Babacanoğlu  and
H. C. Güler
E. Babacanoğlu*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Van Yüzüncü Yıl, 65080 Van, Turkey
H. C. Güler
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Van Yüzüncü Yıl, 65080 Van, Turkey
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Hypoxia strongly affects embryonic development during the pre-hatch period. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oxygen supplementation (O) and a 38.5°C high temperature (HT) at high altitude (HA, 1720 m) on morphological traits during a pre-hatch period and on relative fluctuating asymmetry (relative FA) and allometric growth during an early post-hatch period in broilers. A total of 720 eggs were obtained from a 45-week-old Ross 308 broiler breeder flock raised at sea level (2 m). The eggs were divided into six incubation condition (IC) groups and were incubated at HA. O groups were exposed to 23.5% O2 for 1 h daily from either days 0 to 11 (O0–11), days 12 to 21 (O12–21) or days 18 to 21 (O18–21) of incubation. HT groups were exposed to 38.5°C daily from either days 12 to 21 (HT12–21) or days 18 to 21 (HT18–21) of incubation. A control was maintained at 37.8°C and 21% O2. The hatched chicks were raised for 6 days at HA. Embryo/chick and beak lengths and head diameter were measured during pre- and post-hatch periods. The face, middle toe and shank lengths were measured for each chick. The relative asymmetry (RA), mean RA (MRA) and allometric growth of the lengths were computed and the existence of FA was demonstrated. The IC significantly affected the embryo length, with embryos of the O0–11 group shorter than embryos of the other O groups. Chicks were longer in the O and HT groups than those in the control, except for the O0–11. We found significant interactions between the IC and each development period for beak length. During the post-hatch period, the head diameter of the O0-11 was significantly smaller than that of the other groups, but not in O12–21. The interactions among IC, age and sex were significant for the RA of the face and middle toe lengths and for MRA. All the examined bilateral traits were evaluated as allometric growth. The FA for bilateral traits was determined in both sexes. The right (R) – left (L) and IR-Ll were the lowest in females for face length and in males for shank length from the O18–21 and in males for middle toe length from the O0–11 and HT18–21 groups. Therefore, the effects of factors such as HT and O2 could mitigate the adverse effects of HA-induced hypoxia on optimal developmental stability of bilateral traits of broiler.

Keywords

high altitudeincubation temperatureoxygen supplementationallometric growthdevelopmental stability
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 12 , Issue 8 , August 2018 , pp. 1584 - 1593
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Babacanoğlu, E and Yalçın, S 2015. Effect of maternal stress on relative asymmetry and fear behaviour of broilers reared under harsh environmental conditions. In Proceedings of the 3th International Poultry Meat Congress, 22–26 Nisan, Antalya, Turkey, pp. 386–390.Google Scholar
Broom, DM 2006. Behaviour and welfare in relation to pathology. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 97, 73–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campo, JL, Gil, MG, Davila, SG and Munoz, I 2005. Estimation of heritability for fluctuating asymmetry in chickens by restricted maximum likelihood. Effects of age and sex. Poultry Science 84, 1689–1697.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carreau, A, Hafny‐Rahbi, BE, Matejuk, A, Grillon, C and Kieda, C 2011. Why is the partial oxygen pressure of human tissues a crucial parameter? small molecules and hypoxia. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 15, 1239–1253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Catlin, WR 1968. Developmental responses in chick embryos exposed to diıfferent gaseous environments for short periods during early stages of development. PhD thesis, Drake University, Des Moines, IA, USA.Google Scholar
Chan, T and Burggren, W 2005. Hypoxic incubation creates differential morphological effects during specific developmental critical windows in the embryo of the chicken (Gallus gallus). Respiratory Physiology Neurobiology 145, 251–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Decuypere, E and Bruggeman, V 2007. The endocrine interface of environmental and egg factors affecting chick quality. Poultry Science 86, 1037–1042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Decuypere, E and Mitchels, H 1992. Incubation temperature as a management tool: a review. World’s Poultry Science Journal 48, 28–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dzialowski, EMD, von Plettenberg Elmonoufy, NA and Burggren, WW 2002. Chronic hypoxia alters the physiological and morphological trajectories of developing chicken embryos. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 131, 713–724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eriksen, MS, Haug, A, Torjesen, PA and Bakken, M 2003. Prenatal exposure to corticosterone impairs embryonic development and increases fluctuating asymmetry in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). British Poultry Science 44, 690–697.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Giussani, DA, Salinas, CE, Villena, M and Blanco, CE 2007. The role of oxygen in pre hatch growth: studies in the chick embryo. Journal of Physiology 585, 911–917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, SJ 1966. Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny. Biological Reviews 41, 587–640.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hassanzadeh, M, Bozorgmeri Fard, MH, Buyse, J, Bruggeman, V and Decuypere, E 2004. Effect of chronic hypoxia during the embryonic development on the physiological functioning and on hatching parameters related to ascites syndrome in broiler chickens. Avian Pathology 33, 558–564.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Helle, S, Suorsa, P, Huhta, E and Hakkarainen, H 2010. Fluctuating feather asymmetry in relation to corticosterone levels is sex-dependent in Eurasian treecreeper (Certhia familiaris) nestlings. Biology Letters 6, 521–524.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Janke, O, Tzschentke, B and Boerjan, M 2004. Comparative investigations of heat production and body temperature in embryo’s of modern chicken breeds. Avian and Poultry Biology Reviews 2004, 191–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knierim, U, Van Dongen, S, Forkman, B, Tuyttens, FAM, Špinka, M, Campo, JL and Weissengruber, GE 2007. Fluctuating asymmetry as an animal welfare indicator – a review of methodology and validity. Physiology & Behavior 92, 398–421.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lourens, A, Van den Brand, H, Heetkamp, MJW, Meijerhof, R and Kemp, B 2007. Effects of eggshell temperature and oxygen concentration on embryo growth and metabolism during incubation. Poultry Science 86, 2194–2199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Morita, SV, De Almeida, VR, Junior, JBM, Vicentini, TI, van den Brand, H and Boleli, IC 2016. Incubation temperature during fetal development influences morpho physiological characteristics and preferred ambient temperature of chicken hatchlings. PloS one 11, e0154928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nääs, IA, Sonoda, LT, Romanini, CEB, Morello, GM, Neves, HAF, Baracho, MS, Souza, SRLS, Menezes, AG, Mollo, NM, Moura, DJ and Almeida Paz, ICL 2008. Morphological asymmetry and broiler welfare. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 10, 209–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oviedo-Rondón, EO, Small, J, Wineland, MJ, Christensen, VL, Mozdziak, PS, Koci, MD and Mann, KM 2008. Broiler embryo bone development is influenced by incubator temperature, oxygen concentration and eggshell conductance at the plateau stage in oxygen consumption. British Poultry Science 49, 666–676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rahn, H., Paganelli, CV and Ar, A. 1974. The avian egg: Air-cell gas tension, metabolism and incubation time. Respiratory Physiology 22, 297–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salinas, CE, Blanco, CE, Villena, M, Camm, EJ, Tuckett, JD, Weerakkody, RA, Kane, AD, Shelley, AM, Wooding, FBP, Quy, M and Giussani, DA 2010. Cardiac and vascular disease prior to hatching in chick embryos incubated at high altitude. Journal of Developmental Origins Health Disase 1, 60–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salinas, CE, Villena, M, Blanco, CE and Giussani, DA 2011. Adrenocortical suppression in highland chick embryos is restored during incubation at sea level. High Altitude Medicine and Biology 12-1, 79–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAS Institute Inc. 2007. SAS for Windows Release, 8. SAS Institute Inc., 100 SAS Campus Drive, Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Seta, KA and Millhorn, DE 2004. Functional genomics approach to hypoxia signalling. Journal of Applied Physiology 96, 765–773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sturkie, PD 1986. Avian physiology, 5th ed. Academic Press, New York, NY, USA, pp. 489–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tzschentke, B and Halle, I 2009. Influence of temperature stimulation during the last 4 days of incubation on secondary sex ratio and later performance in male and female broiler chicks. British Poultry Science 50, 634–640.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tzschentke, B and Plagemann, A 2006. Imprinting and critical periods in early development. World’s Poultry Science Journal 62, 626–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Dongen, S, Molenberghs, G and Matthysen, E 1999. The statistical analysis of fluctuating asymmetry: REML estimation of a mixed regression model. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 12, 94–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visschedijk, AHJ 1968. The air space and embryonic respiration 2. The balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air space of the incubating chicken egg and its role in stimulating pipping. British Poultry Science 9, 197–210.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Willemsen, H, Everaert, N, Witters, A, De Dmit, L, Debonne, M, Verschuere, F, Garain, P, Berckmans, D, Decuypere, E and Bruggeman, V 2008. Critical assessment of chick quality measurements as an indicator of post hatch performance. Poultry Science 87, 2358–2366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, A, Dunnington, EA and Siegel, PB 1997. Developmental stability in stocks of White Leghorn chickens. Poultry Science 76, 1632–1636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yost, HJ 1995. Vertebrate left-right development. Cell 82, 689–692.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, H and Burggren, WW 2012. Hypoxic level and duration differentially affect embryonic organ system development of the chicken (Gallus gallus). Poultry Science 91, 3191–3201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed