Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:27:18.312Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride and dietary protein content on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of Nellore bulls

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 September 2015

N. R. B. Cônsolo ,
B. S. Mesquita ,
F. D. Rodriguez ,
V. G. Rizzi  and
L. F. P. Silva
N. R. B. Cônsolo
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
B. S. Mesquita
Affiliation:
Ouro Fino Saúde Animal, Rod. Anhanguera SP330, Km 298, 14140-000 Cravinhos, São Paulo, Brazil
F. D. Rodriguez
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
V. G. Rizzi
Affiliation:
Ouro Fino Saúde Animal, Rod. Anhanguera SP330, Km 298, 14140-000 Cravinhos, São Paulo, Brazil
L. F. P. Silva*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, 13635-900 Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) alters protein metabolism and improves growth performance in Bos taurus cattle with high carcass fat. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of RH, dietary CP and RH×CP interaction on performance, blood metabolites, carcass characteristics and meat quality of young Nellore bulls. A total of 48 bulls were randomly assigned to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement. The factors were two levels of dietary CP (100% and 120% of metabolizable protein requirement, defined as CP100 and CP120, respectively), and two levels of RH (0 and 300 mg/animal·per day). Treated animal received RH for the final 35 days before slaughter. Animals were weighed at the beginning of the feedlot period (day 63), at the beginning of ractopamine supplementation (day 0), after 18 days of supplementation (day 18) and before slaughter (day 34). Animals were slaughtered and hot carcass weights recorded. After chilling, carcass data was collected and longissimus samples were obtained for determination of meat quality. The 9–11th rib section was removed for carcass composition analysis. Supplementation with RH increased ADG independently of dietary CP. There was a RH×CP interaction on dry matter intake (DMI), where RH reduced DMI at CP120, with no effect at CP100. Ractopamine improved feed efficiency, without RH×CP interaction. Ractopamine had no effect on plasma creatinine and urea concentration. Greater dietary CP tended to increase blood urea, and there was a RH×CP interaction for plasma total protein. Ractopamine supplementation increased plasma total protein at CP120, and had no effect at CP100. Ractopamine also decreased plasma glucose concentration at CP100, but had no effect at CP120. Ractopamine increased alkaline phosphatase activity at CP120 and had no effect at CP100. There was a tendency for RH to increase longissimus muscle area, independently of dietary CP. Ractopamine did not alter fat thickness; however, fat thickness was reduced by greater CP in the diet. Supplementation with RH decreased meat shear force, but only at day 0 of aging, having no effect after 7, 14 or 21 days. Greater dietary protein increased meat shear force after 0 and 7 days of aging, with no effect after 14 or 21 days. These results demonstrate for the first time the efficacy of ractopamine supplementation to improve gain and feed efficiency of intact Bos indicus males, with relatively low carcass fat content. Ractopamine effects were not further improved by increasing dietary protein content above requirements.

Keywords

Bos indicusmeat tendernessmuscleproteinractopamine
Type
Research Article
Information
animal , Volume 10 , Issue 3 , March 2016 , pp. 539 - 546
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agnew, RE and Yan, T 2000. Impact of recent research on energy feeding systems for dairy cattle. Livestock Production Science 66, 197–215.Google Scholar
Allen, MS, Bradford, BJ and Oba, M 2009. Board-invited review: the hepatic oxidation theory of the control of feed intake and its application to ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 87, 3317–3334.Google Scholar
American Meat Science Association 1995. Research guidelines for cookery, sensory evaluation and instrumental tenderness measurements of fresh meat. AMSA, Chicago, IL, USA.Google Scholar
Arp, TS, Howard, ST, Woerner, DR, Scanga, JA, McKenna, DR, Kolath, WH, Chapman, PL, Tatum, JD and Belk, KE 2013. Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation on longissimus muscle shear force and sensory attributes of beef steers. Journal of Animal Science 91, 5989–5997.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists 2000. Official methods of analysis vol. 2, 17th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Avendaño, L, Rodriguez, VT, Murilo, FJM, Linres, CP, Saavedra, FF and Robinson, PH 2006. Effects of two beta-adrenergic agonists on finishing performance carcass characteristics, and meat quality of feedlot steers. Journal of Animal Science 84, 3259–3265.Google Scholar
Beerman, DH 2002. Beta-adrenergic receptor agonist modulation of skeletal muscle growth. Journal of Animal Science 80, 18–23.Google Scholar
Berge, P, Culioli, J, Renerre, M, Touraille, C, Micol, D and Geay, Y 1993. Effect of feed protein on carcass composition and meat quality in steers. Meat Science 35, 79–92.Google Scholar
Brooks, JC, Claus, HC, Dikeman, ME, Shook, J, Hilton, GG, Lawrence, TE, Mehaffey, JM, Johnson, BJ and Allen, DM 2009. Effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride feeding duration and postmortem aging on Warner-Bratzler shear force of three muscles from beef steers and heifers. Journal of Animal Science 87, 3764–3769.Google Scholar
Bryant, TC, Engle, TE, Galyean, ML, Wagner, JJ, Tatum, JD, Anthony, RV and Laudert, SB 2012. Effects of ractopamine and trenbolone acetate implants with or without estradiol on growth performance, carcass characteristics, adipogenic enzyme activity, and blood metabolites in feedlot steers and heifers. Journal of Animal Science 88, 4102–4119.Google Scholar
Cônsolo, NRB, Gardinal, R, Gandra, JR, Freitas Junior, JE, Renno, FP, Santana, MHA, Pflanzer, SB and Pereira, ASC 2015. High levels of whole raw soybean in diets for Nellore bulls in feedlot: effect on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality. Journal Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 99, 201–209.Google Scholar
Dunshea, FR, D’souza, DN, Pethic, DW, Harper, GS and Warner, RD 2005. Effects of dietary factors and other metabolic modifiers on quality and nutritional value of meat. Meat Science 71, 8–38.Google Scholar
Fluharty, FL, Loerch, SC, Turner, TB, Moeller, SJ and Lowe, GD 2000. Effects of weaning age and diet on growth and carcass characteristics in steers. Journal of Animal Science 78, 1759–1767.Google Scholar
Geesink, GH, Smulders, FJM, Van Laack, HLJM, Van der Kolk, JH, Wensing, T and Breukink, HJ 1993. Effect of meat quality of the use of clenbuterol in veal calves. Journal of Animal Science 71, 1161–1170.Google Scholar
Gruber, SL, Tatum, JD, Engle, TE, Mitchell, MA, Laudert, SB, Schroeder, AL and Platter, WJ 2007. Effects of ractopamine supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers differing in biological type. Journal of Animal Science 85, 1809–1815.Google Scholar
Hankins, OG and Howe, PE 1946. Estimation of the composition of beef carcasses and cuts. USDA Technical Bulletin. 926, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Kellermeier, JD, Tittor, AW, Brooks, JC, Galyean, ML, Yates, DA, Hutcheson, JP, Nichols, WT, Streeter, MN, Johnson, BJ and Miller, MF 2009. Effects of zilpaterol hydrochloride with or without an estrogen-trenbolone acetate terminal implant on carcass traits, retail cutout, tenderness, and muscle fiber diameter in finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science 87, 3702–3711.Google Scholar
Lanna, DPD, Boin, C and Alleoni, GF 1995. Estimation of carcass and empty body composition of zebu bulls using the composition of rib cuts. Scientia Agricola 52, 189–197.Google Scholar
Latorre, MA, Làzaro, R, Gracia, MI, Nieto, M and Mateos, GG 2003. Effect of sex and terminal sire genotype on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of pigs slaughtered at 117 kg body weight. Meat Science 65, 1369–1377.Google Scholar
Leheska, JM, Montgomery, JL, Krehbiel, CL, Yates, DA, Hutcheso, JP, Nichols, M, Streeter, WT, Blanton, JR and Miller, MF 2008. Dietary zilpaterol hydrochloride. II. Carcass composition and meat palatability of beef. Journal of Animal Science 87, 1384–1393.Google Scholar
Leme, PR, Boin, C and Alleoni, GF 1994. Estimating body chemical composition from deuterium space. Brazilian Journal of Animal Science 23, 441–452.Google Scholar
Marino, R, Albenzio, M, Caroprese, M, Napolitano, F, Santillo, A and Braghieri, A 2011. Effect of grazing and dietary protein on eating quality of Podolian beef. Journal of Animal Science 89, 3752–3758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McEvers, TJ, Nichols, WT, Hutcheson, JP, Edmonds, MD and Lawrence, TE 2012. Feeding performance, carcass characteristics, and tenderness attributes of steers sorted by the Igenity tenderness panel and fed zilpaterol hydrochloride. Journal of Animal Science 90, 4140–4147.Google Scholar
Miller, MF, Carr, MA, Ramsey, CB, Crockett, KL and Hoover, LC 2001. Consumer thresholds for establishing the value of beef tenderness. Journal of Animal Science 79, 3062–3068.Google Scholar
Mitchell, AD, Solomon, MB and Steele, NC 1991. Influence of level of dietary protein or energy on effects of ractopamine in finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science 69, 4487–4495.Google Scholar
Muchenje, V, Dzama, K, Chimonyo, M, Raats, JG and Strydom, PE 2009. Some biochemical aspects pertaining to beef eating quality and consumer health: a review. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 112, 279–289.Google Scholar
National Research Council 2000. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, 7th edition (updated). NRC, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Quinn, MJ, Reinhardt, CD, Loe, ER, Depenbusch, BE, Corrigan, ME, May, EML and Drouillard, JS 2008. The effects of ractopamine-hydrogen chloride (Optaflexx) on performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing feedlot heifers. Journal of Animal Science 86, 902–908.Google Scholar
Radostitis, OM, Gay, CC, Hinchcliff, KW and Constable, PD 2007. Veterinary medicine. A textbook of diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses, 10th edition. W.B. Saunders Ltd., London, UK.Google Scholar
Rathmann, RJ, Mehaffey, JM, Baxa, TJ, Nichols, WT, Yates, DA, Hutcheson, JP, Brooks, JC, Johnson, BJ and Miller, MF 2009. Effects of duration of zilpaterol hydrochloride and days on the finishing diet on carcass cutability, composition, tenderness, and skeletal muscle gene expression in feedlot steers. Journal of Animal Science 87, 3686–3701.Google Scholar
Schroeder, AL 2004. The effect of Optaflexx on growth performance and carcass traits of steers and heifers. In Proceedings of 19th Annual Southwest Nutrition and Management Conference, Temple, Arizona, EUA, pp. 65–81.Google Scholar
Scramlin, SM, Platter, WJ, Gomez, RA, Choat, WT, Mckeith, FK and Killefer, J 2010. Comparative effects of ractopamine hydrochloride and zilpaterol hydrochloride on growth performance, carcass traits, and longissimus tenderness of finishing steers. Journal of Animal Science 88, 1823–1829.Google Scholar
Sirtori, F, Crovetti, A, Acciaioli, A, Pugliese, C, Bozzi, R, Campodoni, G and Franci, O 2014. Effect of dietary protein level on carcass traits and meat properties of Cinta Senese pigs. Animal 8, 1987–1995.Google Scholar
Smith, SB, Gracia, DK and Anderson, DB 1989. Elevation of a specific mRNA in longissimus muscle of steers fed ractopamine. Journal of Animal Science 67, 3495–3502.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ and Robertson, JB 1985. Analysis of forages and fibrous foods. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.Google Scholar
Van Soest, PJ, Robertson, JB and Lewis, BA 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74, 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Vestergaard, M, Sejrsen, K and Klastrup, S 1994. Growth, composition and eating quality of longissimus dorsi from young bulls fed the β-agonist cimaterol at consecutive developmental stages. Journal of Meat Science 38, 55–66.Google Scholar
Walker, DK, Titgemeyer, EC, Drouillard, JS, Loe, ER, Depenbusch, BE and Webb, AS 2006. Effects of ractopamine and protein source on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot heifers. Journal of Animal Science 84, 2795–2800.Google Scholar
Wheeler, TL, Shackelford, SD and Koohmaraie, M 2001. Shear force procedures for meat tenderness measurement. Retrieved April 16, 2014, from http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/30400510/protocols/ShearForceProcedures.pdf.Google Scholar
Yang, YT and McElligott, MA 1989. Multiple actions of the β-adrenergic agonists on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Biochemical Journal 261, 1–12.Google Scholar