Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T06:42:25.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of immunocastration and a diet based on granulated barley on growth performance and carcass, meat and fat quality in heavy gilts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2014

A. Daza ,
M. A. Latorre ,
A. Olivares  and
C. J. López-Bote
A. Daza
Affiliation:
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
M. A. Latorre*
Affiliation:
Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Avda, Miguel Servet, 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
A. Olivares
Affiliation:
Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
C. J. López-Bote
Affiliation:
Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
† E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

A total of 48 Duroc×(Landrace×Large White) gilts of 33.2 kg BW were used to investigate the influence of immunocastration and diet on growth performance and carcass, meat and fat quality. Four treatments were arranged factorially (2×2) with two sexes (immunocastrated gilts: IG v. entire gilts: EG) and two dietary treatments (a commercial feedstuff as control v. granulated barley as a single major ingredient) provided during the finishing period (from 103 to 126 kg BW). There were four replicates of three pigs per treatment. At the end of the trial, the IGs grew faster (P<0.05) and ate more feed (P<0.05) than the EGs. Carcasses from the IGs had thicker backfat depth than those from the EGs (P<0.01) and carried out a lower percentage of rejected carcasses (P<0.05) at slaughterhouse owing to lack of fat. Meat from the IGs tended to have higher intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle than that from the EGs (P=0.09). In addition, immunocastration increased the total saturated fatty-acid proportion in subcutaneous fat and IMF (P<0.001) and decreased the total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) percentages in subcutaneous backfat (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively) and in IMF (P<0.01 and P=0.06, respectively). The use of a diet based on granulated barley during the finishing period had no effect on growth performance but tended to increase IMF content in the LT muscle (P<0.06), and increased MUFA (P<0.05) and decreased PUFA (P<0.01) proportions in omental fat. It is concluded that immunocastration of gilts intended for dry-cured ham industry improved some aspects of growth performance and carcass and meat quality, whereas granulated barley had scarce effect on productive traits and fatty-acid profile but tended to improve IMF content.

Keywords

gilt immunocastrationbarleyperformancecarcass qualityfat
Type
Full Paper
Information
animal , Volume 8 , Issue 3 , March 2014 , pp. 484 - 493
Copyright
© The Animal Consortium 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists 2000. Official methods of analysis, 17th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA, USA.Google Scholar
Bligh, EG and Dyer, WJ 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology 37, 911–917.Google Scholar
Boletin Oficial Estado 2007. Ley 32/2007 de 7 de noviembre para el cuidado de los animales en su explotación, transporte, experimentación y sacrificio, vol. 268. BOE, Madrid, Spain, pp. 45914–45920.Google Scholar
Brandebourg, TD and Hu, CY 2005. Regulation of differentiating pig preadipocytes by retinoic acid. Journal of Animal Science 83, 98–107.Google Scholar
Commission International de l’Eclairage 1976. International Commission on Illumination, Colorimetry: Official Recommendations of the International Commission on Illumination. Publication CIE No. 15 (E-1.3.1). Bareau Central de la CIE, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Daza, A, Latorre, MA and López-Bote, CJ 2010. The use of barley as single ingredient in the diet provided during the finishing period may improve the meat quality of heavy pigs from PO Teruel ham (Spain). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 8, 607–616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daza, A, Latorre, MA and López-Bote, CJ 2012a. The effect of granulated barley as only ingredient in the growing or finishing period may improve the meat quality of heavy pigs. Animal 6, 1543–1553.Google Scholar
Daza, A, Latorre, MA, Olivares, A, Amazán, D and López-Bote, CJ 2012b. Effect of replacement of a conventional diet by granulated barley during finishing period on growth performance and carcass and meat characteristics in 130-kg gilts. Livestock Science 148, 196–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimaculangan, DD, Chawla, A, Boak, A, Kagan, HM and Lazar, MA 1994. Retinoic acid prevents downregulation of RAS recision genelysy oxidase early in adipocyte differentiation. Differentiation 58, 47–52.Google Scholar
D’Souza, DN, Pethick, DW, Dunshea, FR, Pluske, JR and Mullan, BP 2003. Nutritional manipulation increases intramuscular fat levels in the Longissimus dorsi muscle of female finisher pigs. Australasian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, 745–749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fábrega, E, Velarde, A, Cros, J, Gispert, M, Suárez, P, Tibau, J and Soler, J 2010. Effect of vaccination against gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, using Improvac on growth performance body composition, behaviour and acute phase protein. Livestock Science 132, 53–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fundación Española Desarrollo Nutrición Animal 2010. Tablas FEDNA para la formulación de piensos compuestos (ed. C De Blas, GG Mateos and P García Rebollar), p. 535. Fundación Española para el Desarrollo Nutrición Animal, Madrid, Spain.Google Scholar
Gómez-Fernández, J, Horcajada, S, Tomás, C, Gómez-Izquierdo, E and de Mercado, E 2013. Efecto de la immunocastración y de la castración quirúrgica sobre los rendimientos productivos y la calidad de la canal en cerdas ibéricas de cebo. ITEA 109, 33–48.Google Scholar
Latorre, MA, García-Belenguer, E and Ariño, L 2008. The effects of gender and slaughter weight on growth performance and carcass traits of pigs intended for dry-cured hams from Teruel (Spain). Journal of Animal Science 86, 1933–1942.Google Scholar
Latorre, MA, Ripoll, G, García-Belenguer, E and Ariño, L 2009a. The increase of slaughter weight in gilts as strategy to optimize the production of Spanish high quality dry-cured ham. Journal of Animal Science 87, 1464–1471.Google Scholar
Latorre, MA, Ripoll, G, García-Belenguer, E and Ariño, L 2009b. The effect of gender and slaughter weight on loin and fat characteristics of pigs intended for Teruel dry-cured ham production. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 7, 407–416.Google Scholar
Marmer, WN and Maxwell, RJ 1981. Dry column method for the quantitative extraction and simultaneous class separation of lipids from muscle tissue. Lipids 16, 365–371.Google Scholar
Olivares, A, Daza, A, Rey, AI and López Bote, CJ 2009. Interaction between genotype, dietary fat saturation and vitamin A concentration on intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition in pigs. Meat Science 81, 6–12.Google Scholar
Oliver, WT, Mc Culey, L, Harrel, RJ, Suster, D, Kerton, DJ and Dunshea, FR 2003. A gonadotropin-releasing factor vaccine (Improvac) and porcine somatotropin have synergistic and additive effects on growth performance in group-housed boars and gilts. Journal of Animal Science 81, 1959–1966.Google Scholar
Pauly, C, Spring, P, O’Doherty, JV, Ampuero Kragten, S and Bee, G 2009. Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality in group-penned surgically castrated, immunocastrated (Improvac) and entire male individually penned entire male pigs. Animal 3, 1057–1066.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peinado, J, Serrano, MP, Medel, P, Fuentetaja, A and Mateos, GG 2011. Productive performance, carcass and meat quality of intact and castrated gilts slaughtered at 106 or 122 kg BW. Animal 5, 1131–1140.Google Scholar
Peinado, J, Serrano, MP, Nieto, M, Sánchez, J, Medel, P and Mateos, GG 2012. The effect of gender and castration of females on performance and carcass and meat quality of heavy pigs destined to the dry-cured industry. Meat Science 90, 715–720.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rey, A, López-Bote, CJ and Arias, RS 1997. Effect of extensive feeding on alpha-tocopherol concentration and oxidative stability of muscle microsomes from Iberian pigs. Animal Science 65, 515–520.Google Scholar
Ruíz Carrascal, J, Ventanas, J, Cava, R, Andrés, AI and García, C 2000. Texture and appareance of dry-cured ham as affected by fat content and fatty acid composition. Food Research International 33, 91–95.Google Scholar
Serrano, MP, Valencia, DG, Fuentetaja, A, Lázaro, R and Mateos, GG 2008. Effect of gender and castration of females and slaughter weight on performance and carcass and meat quality of Iberian pigs reared under intensive management systems. Meat Science 80, 1122–1128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shapiro, SS and Wilk, MB 1965. An analysis of variance test for normality. Biometrika 52, 591–612.Google Scholar
Sukhija, PS and Palmquist, DL 1988. Rapid method for determination of total fatty acid content and composition of feedstuffs and feces. Journal of Agriculture & Food Chemistry 36, 1202–1206.Google Scholar
Walstra, P 1974. Fattening of young boars: quantification of positive and negative aspects. Livestock Production Science 1, 187–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, JD, Enser, M, Fisher, AV, Nute, GR, Sherad, PR, Richardson, RI, Hughes, SI and Whittington, FM 2008. Fat deposition fatty acid composition and meat quality: a review. Meat Science 78, 343–358.Google Scholar