Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T00:56:03.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of different contents of extruded linseed in the sow diet on piglet fatty acid composition and hepatic desaturase expression during the post-natal period

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2013

F. de Quelen ,
G. Boudry  and
J. Mourot
F. de Quelen
Affiliation:
INRA, UR1341 ADNC, F-35000 Rennes, France INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France Valorex, F-35210 Combourtillé, France
G. Boudry
Affiliation:
INRA, UR1341 ADNC, F-35000 Rennes, France
J. Mourot*
Affiliation:
INRA, UMR1348 PEGASE, F-35000 Rennes, France
*
†E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) contribute to the normal growth and development of numerous organs in the piglet. The fatty acid composition of piglet tissues is linked to the fatty acid composition of sow milk and, consequently, to the composition of sow diet during the gestation and lactation period. In this study, we investigated the impact of different contents of extruded linseed in the sow diet on the fatty acid composition and desaturase gene expression of piglets. Sows received a diet containing either sunflower oil (low 18:3n-3 with 18:3n-3 representing 3% of total fatty acids) or a mixture of extruded linseed and sunflower oil (medium 18:3n-3 with 9% of 18:3n-3) or extruded linseed (high 18:3n-3 with 27% of 18:3n-3) during gestation and lactation. Fatty acid composition was evaluated on sow milk and on different piglet tissues at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The postnatal evolution of delta5 (D5D) and delta6 (D6D) desaturase mRNA expression was also measured in the liver of low 18:3n-3 and high 18:3n-3 piglets. The milk of high 18:3n-3 sows had higher proportions of n-3PUFA than that of low 18:3n-3 and medium 18:3n-3 sows. Piglets suckling the high 18:3n-3 sows had greater proportions of 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the liver, and of 22:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 in the brain than low 18:3n-3 and medium 18:3n-3 piglets. D5D and D6D mRNA expressions in piglet liver were not affected by the maternal diet at any age. In conclusion, extruded linseed in the sow diet modifies the n-3PUFA status of piglets during the postnatal period. However, a minimal content of 18:3n-3 in the sow diet is necessary to increase the n-3PUFA level in piglet liver and brain. Moreover, modifications in the n-3PUFA fatty acid composition of piglet tissue seem linked to the availability of 18:3n-3 in maternal milk and not to desaturase enzyme expression.

Keywords

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, sow diet, piglet, fatty acid composition, desaturase gene expression
Type
Physiology and functional biology of systems
Information
animal , Volume 7 , Issue 10 , October 2013 , pp. 1671 - 1680
Copyright
Copyright © The Animal Consortium 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bazinet, RP, McMillan, EG, Cunnane, SC 2003. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid increases the n-3PUFA content of sow's milk and the tissues of the suckling piglet. Lipids 38, 1045–1049.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brazle, AE, Johnson, BJ, Webel, SK, Rathbun, TJ, Davis, DL 2009. Omega-3 fatty acids in the gravid pig uterus as affected by maternal supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids. Journal of Animal Science 87, 994–1002.Google Scholar
Clandinin, MT, Wong, K, Hacker, RR 1984. Synthesis of chain elongation-desaturation products of linoleic acid by liver and brain microsomes during development of the pig. Biochemical Journal 226, 305–309.Google Scholar
Clandinin, MT, Chappell, JE, Heim, T, Swyer, PR, Chance, GW 1981. Fatty acid utilization in perinatal de novo synthesis of tissues. Early Human Development 5, 355–366.Google Scholar
de Quelen, F, Boudry, G, Mourot, J 2010. Linseed oil in the maternal diet increases long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acid status of the foetus and the newborn during the suckling period in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 104, 533–543.Google Scholar
Farmer, C, Petit, HV 2009. Effects of dietary supplementation with different forms of flax in late-gestation and lactation on fatty acid profiles in sows and their piglets. Journal of Animal Science 87, 2600–2613.Google Scholar
Folch, J, Lees, M, Stanley, GHS 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. Journal of Biological Chemistry 226, 497–509.Google Scholar
Fritsche, KL, Huang, SC, Cassity, NA 1993. Enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids in suckling pigs by maternal dietary fish oil supplementation. Journal of Animal Science 71, 1841–1847.Google Scholar
Guesnet, P, Alessandri, J 2011. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the developing central nervous system (CNS) – implications for dietary recommendations. Biochimie 93, 7–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, C III, Tulbek, MC, Xu, Y 2006. Flaxseed. Advances in Food and Nutrition 51, 1–97.Google Scholar
Igarashi, M, Ma, K, Chang, L, Bell, JM, Rapoport, SI 2007. Dietary n-3PUFA deprivation for 15 weeks upregulates elongase and desaturase expression in rat liver but not brain. Journal of Lipid Research 48, 2463–2470.Google Scholar
Jensen, RG, Clark, RM 1984. Methods of lipid analysis. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 3, 296–299.Google Scholar
Lauridsen, C, Jensen, SK 2007. Lipid composition of lactational diets influences the fatty acid profile of the progeny before and after suckling. Animal 1, 952–962.Google Scholar
Legrand, P 2007. Les acides gras: structures, fonctions, apports nutritionnels conseillés. Cahiers de Nutrition et Diététique 42, 1S7–1S12.Google Scholar
Missotten, J, De Smet, S, Raes, K, Doran, O 2009. Effect of supplementation of the maternal diet with fish oil or linseed oil on fatty-acid composition and expression of Δ5- and Δ6-desaturase in tissues of female piglets. Animal 3, 1196–1204.Google Scholar
Molto-Puigmarti, C, Castellote, AI, carbonell-Estrany, X, Lopez-Sabater, MC 2011. Differences in fat content and fatty acid proportions among colostrum, transitional, and mature milk from women delivering very preterm, preterm, and term infants. Clinical Nutrition 30, 116–123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morrisson, WR, Smith, LM 1964. Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethyl acetals from lipids with boron fluoride-methanol. Journal of Lipid Research 5, 600–608.Google Scholar
Noblet, J, Dourmad, JY, Etienne, M 1990. Energy utilization in pregnant and lactating sows: modeling of energy requirements. Journal of Animal Science 68, 562–572.Google Scholar
Noblet, J, Fortune, H, Shi, XS, Dubois, S 1994. Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72, 344–354.Google Scholar
Raz, A, Kamin-Belsky, N, Przedecki, F, Obukowicz, M 1998. Dietary fish oil inhibits delta6-desaturase activity in vivo. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 75, 241–245.Google Scholar
Rodriguez-Cruz, M, Tovar, AR, Palacios-Gonzalez, B, del Prado, M, Torres, N 2006. Synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in lactating mammary gland: role of delta5 and delta6 desaturases, SREBP-1, PPARalpha, and PGC-1. Journal of Lipid Research 47, 553–560.Google Scholar
Rooke, JA, Shanks, M, Edwards, SA 2000. Effect of offering maize, linseed or tuna oils throughout pregnancy and lactation on sow and piglet tissue composition and piglet performance. Animal Science 71, 289–299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooke, JA, Sinclair, AG, Edwards, SA 2001. Feeding tuna oil to the sow at different times during pregnancy has different effects on piglet long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid composition at birth and subsequent growth. British Journal of Nutrition 86, 21–30.Google Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. 1989. SAS/STAT user's guide. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.Google Scholar
Sauvant, D, Perez, J-M, Tran, G 2004. Table of composition of nutritional value of feed materials: pigs, poultry, cattle, sheep, goats, rabbits, horses, fish, 2nd edition. INRA Editions, Paris.Google Scholar
Tang, C, Cho, HP, Nakamura, MT, Clarke, SD 2003. Regulation of human delta6-desaturase gene transcription: identification of a functional direct repeat-1 element. Journal of Lipid Research 44, 686–695.Google Scholar
Tu, WC, Cook-Johnson, RJ, James, MJ, Mühlhäusler, BS, Gibson, RA 2010. Omega-3 long chain fatty acid synthesis is regulated more by substrate levels than gene expression. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids 83, 61–68.Google Scholar
Voss, A, Reinhart, M, Sankarappa, S, Sprecher, H 1991. The metabolism of 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosapentaenoic acid to 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-docosahexaenoic acid in rat liver is independent of a 4-desaturase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 19995–20000.Google Scholar
Yu, G, Duchen, K, Bjorksten, B 1998. Fatty acid composition in colostrum and mature milk from non-atopic and atopic mothers during the first 6 months of lactation. Acta paediatrica 87, 729–736.Google Scholar