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Are Animals Capable of Deception or Empathy? Implications for Animal Consciousness and Animal Welfare

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 January 2023

S Kuczaj ,
K Tranel ,
M Trone  and
H Hill
S Kuczaj*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5025, USA
K Tranel
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5025, USA
M Trone
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5025, USA
H Hill
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406-5025, USA
*
† Contact for correspondence and requests for reprints
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Abstract

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Awareness of the self and awareness of others are difficult faculties to define. Part of the problem lies in the wide range of abilities that involve various aspects of awareness. Some of the most commonly studied abilities focus on the self-awareness of the individual. These abilities range from the capacity to distinguish self from non-self to the competency to reflect on one's past, present or future condition. Another set of abilities that is relevant to the study of awareness involves the interactions of individuals, and includes behaviours such as deception and empathy. We explore the possibility that species other than humans engage in deception and empathy, and consider the implications of such behaviours for self-awareness and other-awareness in these species. Although examples from a variety of species are provided, many examples come from dolphins and whales. This reflects both the authors’ interest in these animals and the possibility that large-brained creatures are more likely to engage in deliberate deception and/or true empathy.

Keywords

animal welfareconsciousnessdeceptiondolphinempathytheory of mind
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Welfare , Volume 10 , Issue S1: Consciousness, Cognition and Animal Welfare: Proceedings of the UFAW Symposium, Zoological Society of London, 11-12 May 2000 , February 2001 , pp. S161 - S173
Copyright
© 2001 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare

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