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Aquaculture and restocking: implications for conservation and welfare

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2023

VA Braithwaite  and
AGV Salvanes
VA Braithwaite*
Affiliation:
School of Forest Resources & Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
AGV Salvanes
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
*
* Contact for correspondence and requests for reprints: [email protected]
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Abstract

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As the harvesting of fish through commercial fisheries becomes both harder and less economically viable, the world is becoming increasingly dependent on aquaculture to provide fish for human consumption. The closely related activity of stock enhancement, whereby large numbers of fish are reared and then released, is a common practice aimed at increasing the numbers of fish in rivers and along coasts. Aquaculture and stock enhancement practices raise a number of welfare and conservation issues both for fish that are reared within captivity, and for the local populations and habitats that are influenced by fish-rearing activities. In this review, we illustrate how fish farms and hatcheries have directly affected fish welfare. Examples cover on-farm fish husbandry and healthcare, the interactions between farmed and wild fish, and survival of fish released for stock enhancement. These aspects are often intertwined with important conservation issues. Thus, we also review direct effects that aquaculture-generated pollution can have on local habitats, issues associated with feeding reared fish, and problems created by alien fish (either escapees or intentionally released fish). While awareness of fish welfare is certainly growing, so is the rate at which fish are reared. There is, therefore, a pressing need to understand the welfare and conservation issues that are affected by aquaculture and stock enhancement.

Keywords

animal welfareaquacultureconservationfish farmingrestockingstock enhancement
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Welfare , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , May 2010 , pp. 139 - 149
Copyright
© 2010 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare

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