Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T06:52:14.040Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Water-washed neem (azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake in the feeding of milch cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

K. Nath ,
D. K. Agrawal ,
Q. Z. Hasan ,
S. J. Daniel  and
V. R. B. Sastry
K. Nath
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
D. K. Agrawal
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
Q. Z. Hasan
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
S. J. Daniel
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
V. R. B. Sastry
Affiliation:
Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India
Get access

Abstract

A full lactation (300 days) experiment on 32 crossbred milch cows, separated into two groups was carried out. Group 1 (control) was given a concentrate mixture consisting of 400 g groundnut cake, 300 g crushed maize, 270 g wheat bran, 20 g mineral mixture and 10 g common salt per kg; while in group 2 (experimental) the groundnut cake was replaced by water-washed neem seed kernel cake (WWNSKC). Roughage was common in both the groups. Digestion and balance study on nine cows in group 1 and eight in group 2 was carried out after 3 months experimental feeding. Milk yield was recorded twice daily and butter fat, protein and total solids were determined every month in the milk of each animal. The results showed that there was no significant difference (P > 0·05) in the milk yield, butter fat content, organoleptic evaluation of milk, dry-matter intake, digestibility of nutrients, haemoglobin, SGOT, SGPT, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in blood and reproductive ability of the cows in the two groups. The nitrogen balance was higher in the WWNSKC group (P < 0·05) due mainly to less excretion of urinary nitrogen and a concomitent decrease in blood urea nitrogen. It is concluded that water washing of neem seed kernel cake, whose potential availability in India alone is about 0·9 Mt annually, can convert this cake, hitherto going waste, into an excellent high protein animal food and can be used for feeding milch animals without any adverse effect. It is recommended that this technology be adopted by all neem seed-cake producing countries, specially those developing countries having chronic shortage of foods and fodders for animal feeding.

Type
Papers
Information
Animal Production , Volume 48 , Issue 3 , June 1989 , pp. 497 - 502
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agrawal, D. K., Garg, A. K. and Nath, K. 1987. The use of water-washed neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel cake in the feeding of buffalo calves. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 108: 497–499.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agrawal, D. K., Sastry, V. R. B. and Kumar, S. 1985. Evolving economic pig rations from conventional or unconventional feed ingredients. Annual Report, Indian veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India, pp. 41.Google Scholar
Arora, S. P., Singhal, K. K. and Ludri, R. S. 1975. Nutritive value of neem seed cake (Melia indica). Indian Veterinary Journal 52: 867–870.Google Scholar
Association Of Official Agricultural Chemists. 1980. Official Methods of Analysis. 13th ed. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Bedi, S. P. S., Vijjan, V. K. and Ranjhan, S. K. 1975. Utilisation of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed cake and its influence on nutrient digestibilities in buffaloes. Indian Journal of Dairy Science 28: 104–107.Google Scholar
Bhandari, D. S. and Joshi, M. S. 1974. The effect of feeding deoiled neem cake on health of sheep. Indian Veterinary Journal 51: 659–660.Google Scholar
Camp, B. J., Steel, E. and Dollahite, J. W. 1967. Certain biochemical changes in blood and liver of rabbits fed oak tannins. American Journal of Veterinary Research 28: 290–292.Google Scholar
Gaines, W. L. 1928. The energy basis of measuring milk yield in dairy cows. University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 308.Google Scholar
Garg, A. K., Agrawal, D. K. and Nath, K. 1984a. Effect of sal (Shorea robusta) seed meal tannins on serum enzymes, nutrient utilization and growth in growing calves. Agricultural Wastes 11: 307–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garg, A. K., Singh, S. D., Agrawal, D. K. and Nath, K. 1984b. Effect of processed neem seed kernel cake on growth and reproductive development of male rats. Society of Biological Chemists (India): Abstracts, pp. 150 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Gupta, R. S. and Bhaid, M. U. 1981. Studies on agro-industrial byproducts: deoiled neem fruit cake in sheep feed composition. Indian Veterinary Journal 58: 311–315.Google Scholar
Jaffe, W. G. 1973. [Selenium in food plant and feeds, toxicology and nutrition] Qualitas Plantarum 23: 191–204. (Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 1974, 44: 7362.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ketkar, C. M. 1976. Utilization of Neem (Azadirachta indica juss) and Its By Products, Final Technical Report, Khadi and Village Industries Commission, Bombay, India.Google Scholar
Lynch, G. P., Shalkop, W. T., Jacoby, M. M. and Smith, D. F. 1971. Response of dairy calves to oral doses of aflatoxin. Journal of Dairy Science 54: 1688 (Abstr.).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maynard, L. A., Loosli, J. K., Hintz, H. F. and Warner, R. G. 1979. Animal Nutrition. 7th ed., p. 518. McGraw Hill, New Delhi.Google Scholar
Morrison, F. B. 1957. Feeds and Feeding. 22nd ed., pp. 619–620. Morrison Publishing Co., Ithaca, NY.Google Scholar
Nath, K., Rajagopal, S. and Garg, A. K. 1983. Water washed neem (Azadirachta indica juss) seed kernel cake as a cattle feed. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 101: 323–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council. 1976. Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals, No. 3. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Rajagopal, S. and Nath, K. 1981. Note on the nutritive value of cake of neem seed-kernel. Indian Journal of Animal Science 51: 661–663.Google Scholar
Shipe, W. F., Bessette, R., Deane, D. D., Dunkley, W. L., Hammond, E. G., Harper, W. J., Kleyn, D. H., Morgan, M. E., Nelson, J. H. and Scanlan, R. A. 1978. Off flavors of milk: nomenclature standards and bibliography. Journal of Dairy Science 61: 855–869.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. 1968. Statistical Methods. 6th ed. Oxford Publishing Co., New Delhi.Google Scholar
Srikanta, S. G. and Siddique, A. H. 1965. Metabolic studies in skeletal fluorosis. Clinical Science 28: 477–485.Google Scholar