Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T01:23:08.795Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Thiamin supplementation of diets containing varied lipid: carbohydrate ratio given to gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

P. C. Morris  and
S. J. Davies
P. C. Morris
Affiliation:
Fish Nutrition Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA
S. J. Davies
Affiliation:
Fish Nutrition Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA
Get access

Abstract

On the basis of their respective metabolizable energy contents, supplemental marine oil was partially replaced with a maize starch/dextrin mixture in diets containing approximately 500 g crude protein per kg food thus lowering the total dietary lipid concentration from 141·6 to 100·9 g/kg. The basal diets were then supplemented with thiamin hydrochloride at 0·5, 5·0 and 10·0 mg/kg food to produce six test diets in all. After 182 days of feeding, the fish given the diets containing the higher lipid content with a thiamin supplement of 10·0 mg/kg had shown significantly better growth and food utilization (food conversion efficiency and apparent net protein utilization) than the fish presented with the remaining five diets. Thiamin supplements of 5 mg/kg or less resulted in poorer performance amongst the fish given the high lipid diets. The fish given all three of the low oil diets performed poorly by comparison with those given the high lipid, high thiamin diet and performance was comparable with that of the fish given the high lipid diets containing thiamin at 5 mg/kg or less. Proximate carcass composition in terms of moisture, protein and lipid was unaffected in response to diet. Glycogen accumulation in the liver was significantly elevated amongst the fish given the low lipid diet where the thiamin supplement was 5·0 mg/kg or more. The haematology of the fish was not significantly altered in response to diet although elevated haematocrit was associated with decreasing thiamin supplementation. It would appear that for the seabream, lipid and carbohydrate are not exchangeable on the basis of their metabolizable energy content. When given high lipid diets the thiamin requirement of the seabream is in excess of 5·0 mg/kg and increasing the thiamin supplement to 10 mg/kg in high carbohydrate diets made no impact on performance.

Keywords

carbohydrateslipidsseabreamSparus auratathiamin
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 61 , Issue 3 , December 1995 , pp. 597 - 603
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th ed. (ed. Herlich, K.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Va.Google Scholar
Baker, R. T. M. and Davies, S. J. 1995. The effect of pyridoxine supplementation on dietary protein utilization in gilthead seabream fry. Animal Science 60: 157–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, H. and Blackstock, J. 1973. Estimation of lipids in marine animals and tissues: detailed investigation of the sulphophosphovanillin method for ‘total’ lipids. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 12: 103–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bender, D. A. 1992. The nutritional biochemistry of the vitamins. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Berger, A. and Halver, J. E. 1987. Effect of dietary protein., lipid and carbohydrate content on the growth, feed efficiency and carcass composition of striped bass, Morcne saxatilis (Walbaum), fingerlings. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 18: 345–357.Google Scholar
Cowey, C. B., Adron, J. W. and Brown, D. A. 1975. Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The metabolism of glucose by plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) and the effect of dietary energy source on protein utilisation in plaice. British Journal of Nutrition 33: 219–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowey, C. B., Adron, J. W., Knox, D. and Ball, G. T. 1975. Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The thiamin requirement of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. British Journal of Nutrition 34: 383–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cowey, C. B. and Sargent, J. R. 1979. Nutrition. In Fish physiology, vol. VIII, pp. 1–69. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Duncan, D. 1955. Multiple range tests and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11: 1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Sayed, A. F. M. and Garling, D. L. 1988. Carbohydrateto-lipid ratios in diets for Tilapia zillii fingerlings. Aquaculture 73: 157–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furulchi, M. and Yone, Y. 1980. Effect of dietary dextrin levels on the growth and feed efficiency, the chemical composition of liver and dorsal muscle and the absorption of dietary protein and dextrin in fishes. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 46: 225–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Georgopoulos, G. B. 1990. A preliminary study of carbohydrate digestibility in semi-purified diets for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). M.Sc. thesis, Polytechnic South West, Plymouth.Google Scholar
Halver, J. E. 1982. The vitamins required for cultivated salmonids. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 73B: 43–50.Google Scholar
Halver, J. E. 1989. The vitamins. In Fish nutrition, 2nd ed. (ed. Halver, J. E.), pp. 31–109. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Hemre, G. I., Lie, O., Lied, E. and Lambertsen, G. 1989. Starch as an energy source in feed for cod (Gadus morhua): digestibility and energy retention. Aquaculture 80: 261–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hilton, J. W. and Atkinson, J. L. 1982. Response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to increased levels of available carbohydrate in practical trout diets. British Journal of Nutrition 47: 597–607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hung, S. S. O. and Fynn-Aikins, K. 1993. Carbohydrate utilisation and its impact on some metabolic and histological parameters in white sturgeon. Fish nutrition in practice (ed. Kaushik, S. J. and Luquet, P.). Proceedings of the fourth international symposium on fish nutrition and feeding, Biarritz, France, 1991, pp. 127–138. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris.Google Scholar
Kohla, U., Saint-Paul, U., Friebe, J., Wernicke, D., Hilge, V., Braum, E. and Gropp, J. 1992. Growth, digestive enzyme activities and hepatic glycogen levels in juvenile Colossoma macropomum Cuvier from South America during feeding, starvation and refeeding. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management 23: 189–208.Google Scholar
McLaren, B. A., Keller, D., O'Donnel, D. J. and Elvehjem, C. A. 1947. The nutrition of rainbow trout. 1. Studies on vitamin requirements. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 15:169–185.Google Scholar
Morito, C. L. H., Conrad, D. H. and Hilton, J. W. 1986. The thiamin deficiency signs and requirement of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 1: 93–104.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, P. C., Davies, S. J. and Lowe, D. M. 1995. Qualitative requirement for B vitamins in diets for the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.). Animal Science 61: 419–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murai, T. and Andrews, J. W. 1978. Thiamin requirement of channel catfish fingerlings. Journal of Nutrition 108: 176–180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagai, M. and Ikeda, S. 1971a. Carbohydrate metabolism in fish. I. Effect of starvation and dietary composition on the blood glucose level and the hepatopancreatic glycogen and lipid contents in carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 37: 404–409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagai, M. and Ikeda, S. 1971b. Carbohydrate metabolism in fish. II. Effect of dietary composition on metabolism of glucose-6-14C in carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 37: 410–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plummer, D. T. 1987. An introduction to practical biochemistry. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, Maidenhead.Google Scholar
Walton, M. J. and Cowey, C. B. 1982. Aspects of intermediary metabolism in salmonid fish. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 73B: 59–79.Google Scholar
Wilson, R. P. 1994. Utilisation of dietary carbohydrate by fish. Aquaculture 124: 67–80.Google Scholar
Woodward, B. 1994. Dietary vitamin requirements of cultured young fish, with emphasis on quantitative estimates for salmonids. Aquaculture 124: 133–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar