Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T06:48:14.593Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Sucrose as an energy source for growing pigs: a comparison of the effects of sucrose, starch and glucose on energy and protein retention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

S. A. Beech ,
R. Elliott  and
E. S. Batterham
S. A. Beech
Affiliation:
NSW Agriculture and Fisheries, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
R. Elliott
Affiliation:
Department of Agriculture, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
E. S. Batterham
Affiliation:
NSW Agriculture and Fisheries, Wollongbar Agricultural Institute, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
Get access

Abstract

The effects of dietary sucrose, glucose and starch were compared to determine whether sucrose as an energy source affected energy or protein metabolism of growing pigs given food either frequently or once daily. Three experiments were conducted using three diets (0·8 g lysine per MJ digestible energy (DE)) containing sucrose, starch or glucose, respectively. In the first experiment, the DE contents of the diets were determined. In the second, the diets were given either once daily (08.00 h) or frequently (3-h intervals) to growing pigs (20 to 45 kg live weight) and growth responses, blood characteristics and energy, protein and fat retention measured. In the third experiment, the three diets were given to seven pigs (50 kg live weight), either once daily or frequently to monitor further the effects on plasma triglycerides, glucose, urea and insulin levels.

Growth rate, on a carcass basis, was slightly lower in pigs given glucose relative to starch (P < 0·05) but there was no effect of carbohydrate source on the retention of energy, protein or fat. Plasma triglyceride levels were lower in pigs given starch (P < 0·05) whilst plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were higher immediately after feeding in pigs given food once daily (7 < 0·05, P < 0·01). All three carbohydrate sources were used less efficiently by the pigs for energy, protein and fat deposition with once daily compared with frequent feeding (V < 0·01). Overall, these results indicate that sucrose as an energy source does not effect energy or protein metabolism by the growing pig. It appears that the metabolism of fructose within sucrose had no effect on metabolism.

Keywords

energypigsproteinsucrose
Type
Papers
Information
Animal Production , Volume 53 , Issue 3 , December 1991 , pp. 383 - 393
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council. 1981. The nutrient requirements of farm livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1975. Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. 12th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Batterham, E. S. and Murison, R. D. 1981. Utilization of free lysine by growing pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 46: 87–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck-Nielsen, H., Pedersen, O. and Sorensen, N. S. 1982. The diabetogenic effect of sucrose in man: sucrose as a regulator of insulin receptors and insulin sensitivity. In Metabolic effects of utilizable dietary carbohydrates (ed. Reiser, S.), pp. 261–284. Marcel Dekker, New York.Google Scholar
Beech, S. A., Elliott, R. and Batterham, E. S. 1990. Sucrose as an energy source for growing pigs: digestible energy content and energy utilization. Animal Production 51: 343–355.Google Scholar
Beech, S. A., Elliott, R. and Batterham, E. S. 1991. Sucrose as an energy source for growing pigs: energy utilization for protein deposition. Animal Production 52: 535–543.Google Scholar
Burlacu, G., Baia, G., Ionila, D., Moisa, D., Tascenco, V., Visan, I. and Stoica, I. 1973. Efficiency of the utilization of the energy of food in piglets, after weaning. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 81:295–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuller, M. F., Weekes, T. E. C., Cadenhead, A. and Bruce, J. B. 1977. The protein sparing effect of carbohydrate. 2. The role of insulin. British Journal of Nutrition 38: 489–496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
George, S. A., Elliott, R., McAlpine, B. and Batterham, E. S. 1987. Determination of protein and energy in pig carcasses using near infra-red reflectance spectrophotometry. In Manipulating pig production (ed. Australasian Pig Science Association Committee), p. 154. JFL Promotions, Ferntree Gully.Google Scholar
Helland, S. J., Ewan, R. C., Trenkle, A. and Nissen, S. 1986. In vivo metabolism of leucine and a-ketoisocaproate in the pig: influence of dietary glucose or sucrose. Journal of Nutrition 116:1902–1909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, G. J. and Wilson, K. J. 1982. Amino acid analyses using isocratic and gradient elution modes on Kontron AS-70 (7 xm) resin, journal of Chromatography 242:337–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, J. W. and Brown, W. O. 1970. The retention of energy and protein in the baby pig fed on cows milk. In Energy metabolism of farm animals (ed. Schurch, A. and Wenk, C.), pp. 161–164. Juris Druck and Verlag, Zurich.Google Scholar
Just, A., Jorgenson, H., Fernandez, J. A. and Bech- Andersen, S. 1983. The chemical composition, digestibility, energy and protein value of different feedstuffs for pigs. Report National Institute of Animal Science, Denmark, 556.Google Scholar
Keys, J. E. and De Barthe, J. V. 1974. Site and extent of carbohydrate, dry matter, energy and protein digestion and the rate of passage of grain diets in swine. Journal of Animal Science 39: 57–62.Google Scholar
Kraegen, E. W., James, D. E., Bennett, S. P. and Chisholm, D. J. 1983. In vitro insulin sensitivity in the rat determined by euglycemic clamp. American Journal of Physiology 245: El–7.Google Scholar
Michaelis, O. E. 1982. The disaccharide effect: a mechanism for carbohydrate-induced lipogenesis. In Metabolic effects of utilizable dietary carbohydrates (ed. Reiser, S.), pp. 284–295. Marcel Dekker, New York.Google Scholar
Rerat, A. A., Vaissade, P. and Vaugelade, P. 1984a. Absorption kinetics of some carbohydrates in conscious pigs. 1. Qualitative aspects. British Journal of Nutrition 51: 505–515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rerat, A. A., Vaissade, P. and Vaugelade, P. 1984b. Absorption kinetics of some carbohydrates in conscious pigs. 2. Quantitative aspects. British Journal of Nutrition 51: 517–529.Google Scholar
Sambrook, I. E. 1979. Studies on digestion and absorption in the intestines of growing pigs. 7. Measurements of the flow of total carbohydrate, total reducing substances and glucose. British journal of Nutrition 42: 267–277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schumacher, E., Elliott, R., McMeniman, N. P. and Griffiths, I. 1986. Evaluation of raw sugar as an energy source for growing/fattening pigs. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 16: 359–362.Google Scholar
Standing Committee on Agriculture. 1987. Feeding standards for Australian livestock-pigs. CSIRO Editorial and Publishing Unit, Melbourne.Google Scholar
Thorburn, A. W., Storlien, L. H., Jenkins, A. B., Khouri, S. and Kraegen, E. W. 1989. Effects of fructose versus glucose diets on insulin action, triglyceride levels and postprandial blood glucose response of rats. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 49:1155–1163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waterman, R. A., Romsos, D. R., Tsai, A. C., Miller, E. R. and Leveille, G. A. 1975. Effects of dietary carbohydrate source on growth, plasma metabolites and lipogenesis in rats, pigs and chicks. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 150: 220–225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed