Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T05:06:57.341Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Stochastic simulation of growth in pigs: protein turn-over-dependent relations between body composition and maintenance requirements

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

P. W. Knap
Affiliation:
Norsvin, PO Box 504, N-2301 Hamar, Norway
Get access

Abstract

A dynamic model for simulation of growth in pigs, that was extended by a module to describe protein turn-over, was made stochastic in order to simulate groups of pigs with among-animal variation in the maximum daily protein deposition (Pdep, maxK in the minimum lipid to protein deposition rate (Ri/pimin), and in the distributionof body protein over protein pools (muscle, connective tissue, and other proteins). As a result, these simulated pigs show among-animal variation in body protein content and composition. This in turn leads to among-animal variation in energy requirements for protein turn-over and this causes among-animal variation in maintenance metabolizable energy requirements (MEmaint)as a result of variation in body composition.

Simulated population means for PieVimax were varied in seven steps from 100 to 250 g/day, with an among-animal variation coefficient of 0·10; the feeding level was also varied in seven steps. Dependent on the levels of these input variables, 100-kg pigs showed within-population standard deviations in body protein and lipid content of 0·31 to 0·54 kg and 1·22 to 2·17 kg, respectively. ME showed a protein-turn-over-related, within-population coefficient of variation of 0·014 to 0·02. Comparisons over populations suggests that a 1·50 proportional increase in Pdep, max (from 100 to 250 g/day) would increase protein-turn-over-related MEmaint by 11 to 15%, from between 470 and 486 to 541 k] ME per kg body weight0'75 per day. The inferences that can be made from this with regard to experimental design are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, P. 1990. New approaches to measuring body composition in live meat animals. In Reducing fat in meat animals (ed. Wood, J. D. and Fisher, A. V.), pp. 201254. Elsevier Science Publishers, London.Google Scholar
Fisher, A. V. 1990. New approaches to measuring fat in the carcass of meat animals. In Reducing fat in meat animals (ed. Wood, J. D. and Fisher, A. V.), pp. 255343. Elsevier Science Publishers, London.Google Scholar
Gill, M., France, J., Summers, M., McBride, B. and Milligan, L. P. 1989. Simulation of the energy costs associated with protein turnover and Na+, K+-transport in growing lambs, journal ofNutrition. 119: 12871299.Google ScholarPubMed
Greef, K. H. de, Kemp, B. and Verstegen, M. W. A. 1992. Performance and body composition of fattening pigs of two strains during protein deficiency and subsequent realimentation. Livestock Production Science. 30: 141153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greef, K. H. de and Verstegen, M. W. A. 1995. Evaluation of a concept on energy partitioning in growing pigs. In Modelling growth in the pig (ed. Moughan, P. J., Verstegen, M. W. A. and Visser-Reyneveld, M. I.), European Association of Animal Production publication no. 78, pp. 137149.Google Scholar
Greef, K. H. de, Verstegen, M. W. A., Kemp, B. and Togt, P. L. van der. 1994. The effect of body weight and energy intake on the composition of deposited tissue in pigs. Animal Production 58: 263270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jørgensen, J. N., Fernandez, J. A., Jørgensen, H. H. and Just, A. 1985. Anatomical an d chemical composition of female pigs and barrows of Danish Landrace breed related to nutrition. Zeitschrift fiir Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung und Futtermittelkunde. 54: 253263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kanis, E. and Koops, W. J. 1990. The course of daily gain, food intake and food efficiency in pigs during the growing period. Animal Production. 50: 353364.Google Scholar
Klein, M. and Hoffmann, L. 1989. Bioenergetics of protein retention. In Protein metabolism in farm animals: evaluation, digestion, absorption and metabolism (ed. Bock, H. D., Eggum, B. O., Low, A. G., Simon, O. and Zebrowska, T.), pp. 404440. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Knap, P. W. and Schrama, J. W. 1996. Simulation of growth in pigs: approximation of protein turn-over parameters. Animal Science 63: 533547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kyriazakis, I. and Emmans, G. C. 1992. The effects of varying protein and energy intakes on the growth and body composition of pigs. 1. The effects of energy intake at constant, high protein intake. British Journal of Nutrition. 68: 603613.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Metz, S. H. M., Bergstrom, P. L., Lenis, N. P., De Wijs, M. and Dekker, R. A. 1980. The effect of daily energy intake on growth rate and composition of weight gain in pigs. Livestock Production Science 7: 7987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moughan, P. J. 1985. Sensitivity analysis on a model simulating the digestion and metabolism of nitrogen in the growing pig. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research. 28: 463468.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moughan, P. J. 1995. Modelling protein metabolism in the pig—critical evaluation of a simple reference model. In Modelling growth in the pig (ed. Moughan, P. J., Verstegen, M. W. A. and Visser-Reyneveld, M. I.), European Association of Animal Production publication no. 78, pp. 103112.Google Scholar
Moughan, P. J. and Smith, W. C. 1984. Prediction of dietary protein quality based on a model of the digestion and metabolism of nitrogen in the growing pig. New Zealand Journal ofAgricultural Research. 27: 501507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moughan, P. J. and Verstegen, M. W. A. 1988. The modelling of growth in the pig. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science. 36: 145166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neter, J., Wasserman, W. and Kutner, M. H. 1985. Applied linear statistical models. Irwin, Homewood IL.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, H., Lengerken, G. von and Bergmann, M. 1990. Nahrstoffzusammensetzung von Teilstiicken und Innereien wachsender Schweine bei unterschiedlichen Lebendmassen. Archivfür Tierzucht. 33: 5764.Google Scholar
Simon, O. 1989. Metabolism of proteins and amino acids. In Protein metabolism in farm animals: evaluation, digestion, absorption and metabolism (ed. Bock, H. D., Eggum, B. O., Low, A. G., Simon, O. and Zebrowska, T.), pp. 273366. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1990a. SAS language: reference. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1990b. SAS/STAT user's guide, vol. 1. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Susenbeth, A. 1984. Berechnung der Körperzusammensetzung von Schweinen aus dem mit Hilfe van D2Obestimmten Körperwasser. Ph.D. thesis University of Hohenheim.Google Scholar
Susenbeth, A. and Keitel, K. 1988. Partition of whole body protein in different body fractions and some constants in body composition in pigs. Livestock Production Science. 20: 3752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tullis, J. B. 1981. Protein growth in pigs. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. 1995. Modelling the requirement of the young growing pig for dietary protein. Agricultural Systems. 47: 415425.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. and Fawcett, R. H. 1976. Theoretical aspects of a flexible model to simulat e protein and lipid growth in pigs. Animal Production. 22: 8796.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T., Tullis, J. B. and Emmans, G. C. 1988. Protein growth in pigs. Animal Production. 46: 437445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar