Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T19:45:09.012Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Reproductive performance, body weight and body condition of breeding sows with differing body fatness at parturition, differing nutrition during lactation, and differing litter size

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

H. Yang ,
P. R. Eastham ,
P. Phillips  and
C. T. Whittemore
H. Yang
Affiliation:
Edinburgh School of Agriculture, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG
P. R. Eastham
Affiliation:
Edinburgh School of Agriculture, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG
P. Phillips
Affiliation:
Scottish Agricultural Statistics Service, James Clerk Maxwell Building, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ
C. T. Whittemore
Affiliation:
Edinburgh School of Agriculture, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG
Get access

Abstract

One hundred and two Large White × Landrace Fl hybrid sows were allocated over four parities in a factorial design to two levels of target P2 backfat thickness at parturition (20 mm, F v. 12 mm, T), two levels of lactation feeding {ad libitum, H v. 3 kg/day, L), and two sizes of sucking litter (six v. 10). Sows attained 13 mm P2 when first mated at 126 kg live weight. Fatness (P2, mm) at weaning was significantly influenced by target fatness at parturition (14·2 v. 9·3), lactation feeding level (13·7 v. 10·0), and litter size (12·7 v. 11·0). Changes in backfat (P2, mm) during 28-day lactation were significantly influenced by target fatness at parturition (—5·0 v. —2·5), lactation feeding (-2 0 v. —5·4), and litter size (—2·9 v. -4·6). Sow live weight (kg) at weaning was significantly influenced by target fatness at parturition (211 v. 192), lactation feeding (218 v. 186), and litter size (208 v. 196). Changes in live weight (kg) during 28-day lactation were significantly influenced by target fatness at parturition (—26 v. — 12), lactation feeding (—5 v. —31), and litter size (—12 v. —25). With multiparous sows only, total food intake during 28-day lactation was negatively related to total food intake in pregnancy. Change in backfat (P2, mm) during 28-day lactation = -0·28 - 0·27 P2 at parturition + 0·04 lactation food intake — 0·50 litter size. Change in live weight (kg) during 28-day lactation = -3·8 — 0·15 live weight post partum + 0·36 lactation food intake — 3·3 litter size. Sows with target fat levels of 20 mm P2 at parturition had better food conversion efficiencies than sows with target fat levels of 12 mm. Target fatness at parturition, and especially lactation food intake, but not litter size, significantly influenced the interval (days) from weaning to oestrus in parity 1 (9·1 v. 14·2 and 7·8 v. 15·3, but 11·6 v. 11·5), while n i subsequent parities only litter size influenced the interval (days) from weaning to oestrus (6·0 v. 8·0). Birth weight (kg) of piglets was influenced only marginally by target fatness at parturition (1·4 v. 1·2) in parity 1, and not by the other factors, or in subsequent parities. Piglet growth rate was affected by both target fatness at parturition and litter size, but by lactation feeding level only in the last week of lactation. The relationship between fatness at weaning (mm) and the weaning to oestrus interval (days) for primiparous sows can be expressed as 26·6 — 1·28 P2. High level feeding in lactation imparted production and efficiency benefit in both primiparous and multiparous sows, while pregnancy feeding to a target of 20 mm rather than 12 mm at parturition was of benefit for primiparous sows.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 48 , Issue 1 , February 1989 , pp. 181 - 201
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council. 1967. The Nutrient Requirements of Farm Livestock. No. 3, Pigs. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council. 1981. Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, England.Google Scholar
Armstrong, J. D., Britt, J. H. and Kraeling, R. R. 1986. Effect of restriction of energy during lactation on body condition, energy metabolism, endocrine changes and reproductive performance in primiparous sow. Journal of Animal Science 63: 1915–1925.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, D. H., Becker, D. E., Norton, H. W., Sasse, C. E., Jensen, A. H. and Harmon, B. G. 1969. Reproductive performance and progeny development in swine as influenced by feed intake during pregnancy. Journal of Nutrition 97: 489–495.Google Scholar
Britt, J. H., Armstrong, J. D., Cox, N. M. and Esbensiiade, K. L. 1986. Control of follicular development in the postpartum sow. In Control of Pig Reproduction II (ed. Foxcroft, G. R., Cole, D. J. A. and Weir, B. J.). Journal of Reproduction and Fertility Suppl. 33, pp. 37–54.Google Scholar
Clawson, A. J., Richards, H. L., Matrone, G. and Barrick, E. R. 1963. Influence of level of total nutrient and protein intake on reproductive performance in swine. Journal of Animal Science 22: 662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, D. J. A. 1982. Nutrition and reproduction. In Control of Pig Reproduction (ed. Cole, D. J. A. and Foxcroft, G. R.), pp. 603–619. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Danielsen, N. V. and Neilsen, H. E. 1984. The influence of different feeding levels on the performance of lactating sows. Proceedings of the 35th Meeting of the European Association of Animal Production, The Hague.Google Scholar
Davidson, H. R. 1954. The Production and Marketing of Pigs. Longman, Green & Co., London.Google Scholar
Eastham, P. R., Smith, W. C., Whittemore, C. T. and Phillips, P. 1988. Responses of lactating sows to food level. Animal Production 46: 11–11.Google Scholar
Elsley, F. W. H. 1972. Some aspects of productivity in the sow. In The Improvement of Sow Productivity (ed. Jones, A. S., Fowler, V. R. and Yeats, J. C. R.), pp. 71–87. Rowett Research Institute, Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Elsley, F. W. H., Bannerman, M., Bathurst, E. V. J., Bracewell, A. G., Cunningham, J. M. M., Dodsworth, T. W., Dodds, P. A., Forbes, T. J. and Laird, R. 1969. The effect of level of feed intake i n pregnancy and in lactation upon the productivity of sows. Animal Production 11: 225–241.Google Scholar
Elsley, F. W. H., MacPherson, R. M. and McDonald, I. 1968. The influence of dietary energy i n pregnancy and lactation upon sow productivity. Journal of Agricultural Science 71: 215–221.Google Scholar
Frobish, L. T. and Steele, N. C. 1970. Influence of energy intake through three gestations on reproductive performance of sows. Journal of Animal Science 31: 200 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Harker, A. J. and Cole, D. J. A. 1984. The effect of pattern of food distribution during late pregnancy and lactation on sow productivity. Animal Production 38: 528 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Harker, A. J. and Cole, D. J. A. 1985. The influence of pregnancy feeding on sow and litter performance during the first two parities. Animal Production 40: 540 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
King, R. H. and Dunkin, A. C. 1986. The effect of nutrition on the reproductive performance of first-litter sows. 3. The response to graded increases in food intake during lactation. Animal Production 42: 119–125.Google Scholar
King, R. H. and Williams, I. H. 1984. The effect of nutrition on the reproductive performance of first-litter sows. 1. Feeding level during lactation and between weaning and mating. Animal Production 38: 241–247.Google Scholar
Kirkwood, R. N., Baidoo, S. K., Aherne, F. X. and Sather, A. P. 1987. The influence of feeding level during lactation on the occurrence and endocrinology of the postweaning estrus in sows. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 67: 405–415.Google Scholar
Knudson, B. J., Moser, R. L., El Kandelgy, S. N., Cornelius, S. G., Chester-jones, H., Hanke, H. E., Clark, L. K. and Pettigrew, J. E. 1987. Influence of parity 1 litter size on body composition and subsequent reproductive performance. Journal of Animal Science 65: Suppl. 1, p. 89 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Lawes Agricultural Trust. 1984. GENSTAI V Mark 4.04. Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Hertfordshire.Google Scholar
Lodge, G. A. 1959. Nitrogen metabolism in the lactating sow. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 53: 172–176.Google Scholar
Lodge, G. A., Elsley, F. W. H. and MacPherson, R. M. 1966a. The effect of level of feeding of sows during pregnancy. 1. Reproductive performance. Animal Production 8: 29–38.Google Scholar
Lodge, G. A., Elsley, F. W. H. and MacPherson, R. M. 1966b. The effects of level of feeding of sows during pregnancy. 2. Changes in body weight. Animal Production 8: 499–506.Google Scholar
Mullan, B. P. 1987. Effect of body reserves on the reproductive performance of first litter sows. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Western Australia.Google Scholar
Nelssen, J. L., Lewis, A. J., Peo, E. R. and Crenshaw, J. D. 1985. Effect of dietary energy intake during lactation on performance of primparious sows and their litters. Journal of Animal Science 61: 1164–1171.Google Scholar
Nowak, R. and Rodway, R. G. 1985. Effect of intravaginal implants of melatonin on the onset of ovarian activity in adult and prepubertal ewes. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 74: 287–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Grady, J. F. 1967. Effect of level and pattern of feeding during pregnancy on weight change and reproductive performance of sows. Irish Journal of Agricultural Research 6: 57–71.Google Scholar
O'Grady, J. F., Elsley, F. W. H., MacPherson, R. M. and McDonald, I. 1973. The response of lactating sows and their litters to different dietary energy allowances. 1. Milk yield and composition, reproductive performance of sows and growth rate of litters. Animal Production 17: 65–74.Google Scholar
Reese, D. E., Moser, B. D., Peo, E. R., Lewis, A. J., Zimmerman, D. R., Kinder, J. E. and Stroup, W. W. 1982. Influence of energy intake during lactation on subsequent gestation, lactation, postweaning performance of sows. Journal of Animal Science 55: 867–872.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reese, D. E., Peo, E. R. and Lewis, A. J. 1984. Relationship of lactation energy intake and occurrence of postweaning estrus to body and backfat composition i n sows. Journal of Animal Science 58: 1236–1244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salmon-Legagneur, E. and Rerat, A. 1962. Nutrition of the sow during pregnancy. In Nutrition of Pigs and Poultry (ed. Morgan, J. T. and Lewis, D.), pp. 207–223. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Stevenson, J. S. and Brett, J. H. 1980. Luteinizing hormone, total estrogens and progesterone secretion during lactation and after weaning in sows. Theriogenology 14: 453–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. 1987. Elements of Pig Science. Longman, London.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T., Franklin, M. F. and Pearce, B. S. 1980. Fat changes in breeding sows. Animal Production 31: 183–190.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T., Smith, W. C. and Phillips, P. 1988. Fatness, live weight and performance responses of sows to food level in pregnancy. Animal Production 47: 123–130.Google Scholar