Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T23:10:24.276Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Protein nutrition of growing cattle: food intake and growth responses to rumen degradable protein and undegradable protein

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

J. R. Newbold ,
P. C. Garnsworthy ,
P. J. Buttery ,
D. J. A. Cole  and
W. Haresign
J. R. Newbold
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD
P. C. Garnsworthy
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD
P. J. Buttery
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD
D. J. A. Cole
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD
W. Haresign
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD
Get access

Abstract

Groups of eight Friesian steers were given one of eight diets from 114 to 300 kg live weight. The iso-energetic diets were formulated to supply four levels of protein degradability within two concentrations of crude protein (CP), giving a range of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and undegradable dietary protein (UDP) concentrations both above and below Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations. There were significant (P < 0·05), positive, linear responses of mean daily dry-matter (DM) intake (DMI) (g/kg M°75) to RDP concentration (g/kg DM) for both the low CP diets (DMI = -98·0 + 1·76 (RDP); P = 0·013) and the high CP diets (DMI = -157·5 + 218 (RDP; P = 0017). For the high CP diets, there was a significant (P = 0·045) positive, linear response of live-weight gain (LWG) (kg/day) to UDP concentration (LWG = 0·47 + 0·017 (UDP); P = 0·045). No such response was observed for the low CP diets, where the range of UDP concentrations supplied was smaller than expected. For both the low and high CP diets, LWG decreased as metabolizable energy, UDP and RDP intake increased. These negative responses to nutrient intake were reflected in a wide discrepancy between observed rates of gain and those predicted by current energy and protein nutrition systems. Interactions between food intake and digestive processes, which obstruct effective interpretation of these results, should form an explicit part of any revised protein nutrition scheme.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 45 , Issue 3 , December 1987 , pp. 383 - 394
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council. 1980. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council. 1984. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock, Supplement No. 1. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Alderman, G. 1985. Prediction of the energy value of compound feeds. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition — 1985 (ed. Haresign, W. and Cole, D. J. A.), pp. 3–52. Butterworths, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1975. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 12th ed.Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Beever, D. E., Kellaway, R. C., Thomson, D. J., MacRae, J. C., Evans, C. C. and Wallace, A. S. 1978. A comparison of two non-radioactive digesta marker systems for the measurement of nutrient flow at the proximal duodenum of calves. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 90: 157–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binnerts, W. T., Klooster, A. Th. Van', and Frens, A. M. 1968. Soluble chromium indicator measured by atomic absorption in digestion experiments. Veterinary Record 82: 470.Google Scholar
Broadbent, P. J., McIntosh, J. A. R. and Spence, A. 1970. The evaluation of a device for feeding group-housed animals individually. Animal Production 12: 245–252.Google Scholar
Burroughs, W., Trenkle, A. and Vetter, R. 1971. Some new concepts of protein nutrition of feedlot cattle. Veterinary Medicine and Small Animal Clinician 66: 238–247.Google ScholarPubMed
Campling, R. C., Freer, M. and Balch, C. C. 1962. Factors controlling the voluntary intake of food by cows. 3. The effect of urea on the voluntary intake of oat straw. British Journal of Nutrition 16: 115–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elimam, M. E. and øRSKOV, E. R. 1984a. Factors affecting the outflow of protein supplements from the rumen. 1. Feeding level. Animal Production 38: 45–51.Google Scholar
Elimam, M. E. and øRSKOV, E. R. 1984b. Factors affecting the outflow of protein supplements from the rumen. 2. The composition and particle size of the basal diet. Animal Production 39: 201–206.Google Scholar
Finney, D. J. 1977. Growth curves: their nature, uses and estimation. In Patterrns of Growth and Development in Cattle (ed. Boer, H. De and Martin, J.), pp. 658–672. Nijhoff, Hague.Google Scholar
Forbes, J. M. 1982a. Prediction of the voluntary intake of complete foods by growing cattle. Animal Production 34: 372 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Forbes, J. M. 1982b. Effects of lighting pattern on growth, lactation and food intake of sheep, cattle and deer. Livestock Production Science 9: 361–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grovum, W. L. and Williams, V. J. 1973. Rate of passage of digesta in sheep. 3. Differential rates of passage of water and dry matter from the reticulorumen, abomasum and caecum and proximal colon. British Journal of Nutrition 30: 231–240.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hennessy, D. W., Lee, G. J. and Williamson, P. J. 1983. Nitrogen loss from protein meals held in Terylene bags in the rumen of cattle and the nutritive value of the residues. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 34: 453–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hespell, R. B. and Bryant, M. P. 1979. Efficiency of rumen microbial growth: influence of some theoretical and experimental factors on Yatp. Journal of Animal Science 49: 1640–1659.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, P. M., Christopherson, R. J. and Milligan, L. P. 1982. Effects of cold exposure on feed protein degradation, microbial protein synthesis and transfer of plasma urea to the rumen of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 47: 521–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacRae, J. C. and Evans, C. C. 1974. The use of inert ruthenium-phenanthroline as a digesta paniculate marker in sheep. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 33: 10A–11A.Google Scholar
Meat and Livestock Commission. 1974. Instructions for assessment, photography, jointing, retail cutting and tissue separation of beef carcases. Meat and Livestock Commission, Bletchley.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 1973. The analysis of agricultural materials. Technical Bulletin 27. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland and Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland. 1984. Energy allowances and feeding systems for ruminants. Reference Book 433. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 1984. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 6th rev. ed. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R., Fraser, C. and Pirie, R. 1973. The effect of bypassing the rumen with supplements of protein and energy on intake of concentrates by sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 30: 361–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørskov, E. R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92: 499–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paouay, R. and Vernaillen, F. 1984. Effects of oleic acid esters on food intake in sheep. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 64: Suppi, pp. 316–317.Google Scholar
Raven, A. M., Forbes, T. J. and Irwin, J. H. D. 1969. The utilization by beef cattle of concentrate diets containing different levels of milled barley straw and of protein. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 73: 355–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharkey, M. J., Kat, C. and Jeffkry, R. S. 1974. Some effects of formaldehyde treatment of barley/linseed meal diets on feed intake and growth rate of Friesian calves. Proceedings of the Australian Society of Animal Production 10: 82–86.Google Scholar
Verite, R., Journet, M. and Jarrige, R. 1979. A new system for the protein feeding of ruminants: the PDI system. Livestock Production Science 6: 349–367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Webster, A. J. F. 1983. Nutrition and the thermal environment. In Nutritional Physiology of Farm Animals (ed. Rook, J. A. F. and Thomas, P. C.), pp. 639–669. Longman, London.Google Scholar
Wishart, J. 1938. Growth rate determinations in nutrition studies with the bacon pig, and their analysis. Biometrika 30: 16–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zinn, R. A. and Owens, F. N. 1983. Influence of feed intake level on site of digestion in steers fed a high concentrate diet. Journal of Animal Science 56: 471–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed