Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T20:05:44.063Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The nutrition of the early-weaned calf III. Protein solubility and amino acid composition as factors affecting protein utilisation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

F. G. Whitelaw  and
T. R. Preston
F. G. Whitelaw
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen
T. R. Preston
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen
Get access

Summary

1. Nitrogen balance studies have been conducted on 16 early-weaned calves given four diets containing groundnut meal or herring meal, the protein of which had been rendered soluble or insoluble by different methods processing.

2. There were highly significant differences in nitrogen retention between ‘soluble’ and ‘insoluble’ herring meals but no differences between ‘soluble’ ‘insoluble’ groundnut meals.

3. ‘Insoluble’ herring meal gave retention values which tended to be higher (significantly so, in one experiment), and ‘soluble’ herring meal gave values significantly lower, than either type of groundnut meal. Mean daily live-weight gains tended to follow the same pattern.

4. Blood-urea concentration was significantly lower on the diets containing herring meal than on those containing groundnut meal but within each type meal did not differ according to solubility.

5. These results are discussed in the light of in vitro studies on the effect of pH on protein solubility.

6. It is concluded that solubility is of minor importance in groundnut meals but of major importance in fish meals when these are included in early weaning diets for calves.

7. Under conditions of low or ‘potentially low’ solubility the amino acid content of the protein source appears to be of considerable significance.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 5 , Issue 2 , June 1963 , pp. 131 - 145
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1963

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Annison, E. F., Chalmers, M. I., Marshall, S. B. M. & Synge, R. L. M., 1954. Ruminal ammonia formation in relation to the protein requirement of sheep. III. Ruminal ammonia formation with various diets. J. agric. Sci., 44: 270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaxter, K. L., Graham, N. McC. & Wainman, F. W., 1956. Some observations on the digestibility of food by sheep and on related problems. Brit. J. Nutr., 10: 69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carpenter, K. J., Ellinger, G. M., Munro, M. I. & Rolfe, E. J., 1957. Fish products as protein supplements to cereals. Brit. J. Nutr., 11: 162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chalmers, M. I., 1961. In Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of the Ruminant (Editor, Lewis, D..) Butterworth, London.Google Scholar
Chalmers, M. I., Cuthbertson, D. P. & Synge, R. L. M., 1954. Ruminal ammonia formation in relation to the protein requirements of sheep. I. Duodenal administration and heat processing as factors influencing fate of casein supplements. J. agric. Sci., 44: 254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De man, T. J. & Zwiep, I. N., 1955. Aminozuurgehalten in een aantal voedermidderen. Voeding, 16: 147.Google Scholar
Dinda, P. K., 1960. Some effects of chlortetracycline on the nutrition of the early-weaned calf. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Aberdeen.Google Scholar
El-Shazly, K., 1958. Studies on the nutritive value of some common Egyptian feeding-stuffs. 1. Nitrogen retention and ruminal ammonia curves. J. agric. Sci., 51: 149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fontaine, T. D. & Burnett, R. S., 1944. Peptization of nitrogenous constituents of solvent-extracted peanut meal. Industr. Engng Chem. (Industr.), 36: 164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jayasinghe, J. B., 1958. The digestion of protein in the ruminant with special reference to milk production. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Lewis, D., 1957. Blood-urea concentration in relation to protein utilization in the ruminant. J. agric. Sei., 48: 438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lord, J. W. & Wakelam, J. A., 1950. Changes occurring in the proteins as a result of processing groundnuts under selected industrial conditions. 1. Physical and chemical changes. Brit. J. Nutr., 4: 154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, I. W., 1954. The extent of conversion of food protein to microbial protein in the rumen of sheep. Biochem. J., 56: 120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, I. W. & Hall, R. J., 1957. The conversion of casein into microbial proteins in the rumen. Biochem. J., 67: 400.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, S., Spackman, D. M. & Stein, W. M., 1958. Chromatography of amino acids on sulfonated polystyrene resins. An improved system. Analyt. Chem., 50: 1185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, T. R., 1956. Studies on the rearing of calves weaned from milk between two and four weeks of age. Proc. Brit. Soc Anim. Prod., p. 67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, T. R., Dinda, P. K. & MacLeod, N. A., 1959. The effect of low-level feeding of chlortetracycline on rumen fermentation in early-weaned calves. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 18: xx.Google Scholar
Preston, T. R. & Ndumbe, R. D., 1961. Diurnal variations in blood sugar concentration in ruminating calves. Brit. J. Nutr., 15: 281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preston, T. R., Whitelaw, F. G. & MacLeod, N. A., 1963. The nutrition of the early-weaned calf. IV. Ruminal ammonia formation from soluble and insoluble protein sources. Anim. Prod., 5: 147.Google Scholar
Preston, T. R., Whitelaw, F. G., Ndumbe, R. D. & Charleson, E. B., 1960. The effect of including stabilised tallow in the concentrate mixture fed to early-weaned calves. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 19, xviii.Google Scholar
Puchal, F., Hays, V. W., Speer, V. C., Jones, J. D. & Catron, D. V., 1962. The free blood plasma amino acids of swine as related to the source of dietary proteins. J. Nutr., 76: 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, G. D., Stott, J. & Smith, H., 1960. A survey of the microbiological assay of the nutritive value of amino acids and intact proteins. Proc. Pfizer European agric. Res. Conf., p. 368.Google Scholar
Thomson, R. H. K., 1952. The proteins of Arachis hypogea and fibre formation. Biochem. J., 51: 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitelaw, F. G., Preston, T. R. & Ndumbe, R. D., 1961. The nutrition of the early-weaned calf. I. The effect on nitrogen retention of diets containing different levels of groundnut meal. Anim. Prod., 3: 121.Google Scholar
Whitelaw, F. G., Preston, T. R. & Dawson, G. S., 1961. The nutrition of the early-weaned calf. II. A comparison of commercial groundnut meal, heat-treated groundnut meal and fish meal as the major protein source in the diet. Anim. Prod., 3: 127.Google Scholar